Wikipedia

Rocky Castellani

Attilio N. "Rocky" Castellani (May 26, 1926 – August 31, 2008) was an American boxer.[1] He fought as a middleweight and was the top rated contender for the world middleweight crown in 1954 when he fought Bobo Olson, a year later Castellani lost to Sugar Ray Robinson. These two exceptional fights were featured on ESPN's "Classic Fights of the Century".[2][3]

Rocky Castellani
Castellani in 1953
Born
Attillio Castellani

May 26, 1926
Luzerne, Pennsylvania
DiedAugust 31, 2008(2008-08-31) (aged 82)
Atlantic City, New Jersey
NationalityAmerican
Statistics
Weight(s)Middleweight
StanceOrthodox
Boxing record
Total fights89
Wins69
Wins by KO18
Losses14
Draws6

Castellani was born in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, to Attilio Castellani (1889–1974) and Rose Isopi Castellani (1896–1938), who later moved to Margate City, formerly South Atlantic City. He began boxing as a teenager at local gyms, and at a younger age would box opponents to entertain neighborhood kids.[4][5] As a young man, he fought as a Marine in the battle of Iwo Jima during World War II. He boxed in the Marine Corps and won the title of "Champion of All China and Guam". After his discharge from the Marines he embarked on his professional boxing career around 1945.

After a three-month layoff from the ring on May 7, 1949, Castellani defeated Tony DeMicco before 1435 fans in New York's St. Nicholas Arena in a well publicized ten round unanimous decision. Castellani staggered his opponent in the third round, winning the bout from long range, and defending DeMicco's attempts to fight inside. Castellani was voted Ring Magazine's "Rookie of the Year" in 1948.[6][7]

On September 9, 1949, Castellani lost to Kid Gavilan in a ten-round unanimous decision at Madison Square Garden. All three judges scored for Gavilan by a significant margin of winning rounds. Castellani was knocked down in both rounds two and three, but surged in the middle rounds despite his hard tumble in round two. Castellani showed conditioning and skill but suffered in points from his two knockdowns. The Associated Press gave six rounds to Gavilan, and only three to Castellani, as did one of the judges.

In a noteworthy victory on November 14, 1951, Castellani defeated Joey Giardello in a convincing ten-round decision in Scranton, Pennsylvania. Giardello would later become an exceptional boxer, taking the WBA World Middleweight Title between 1963 and 1965. Castellani took charge of the future champion between the fourth and the ninth, though appeared to be coasting. He had taken four months off from a rib injury he received during training.[8][9]

On June 18, 1952, Castellani defeated Johnny Bratton at Chicago Stadium. Both judges scored the fight closely, but the referee gave a larger ten point margin to Bratton. Bratton was a game opponent who would later compete for the World Middleweight Title on November 13, 1953, against Kid Gavilan and who was a world champion.

In his later life, Castellani was a judge who scored many important fights.

World middleweight championship contention

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On January 9, 1953, Castellani defeated Ralph Jones at Madison Square Garden before 5,400 fans in an important win before a home crowd that clearly favored Castellani as their local boy.[10] The Associated Press gave the fight to Rocky, winning six rounds, losing three, and drawing one. Only one judge dissented from a voting for Castellani, resulting in a split decision.[11] The win moved Castellani to the second round of the World Middleweight Championship tournament to meet Sugar Ray Robinson for the title. Jones was never able to fight in close as Castellani circled, jabbed, hooked, and threw leading rights. Castellani clinched, armlocked or hugged when Jones attempted in-fighting, and was also successful at backing away to avoid the close shots at which Jones could be dangerous. His ability to backpedal so effectively may have indicated better conditioning than his opponent. There were no knockdowns in the close bout in which Castellani seemed to employ a more effective strategy. The bout was a convincing display of in-fighting defense by Castellani, who claimed he had learned Jones's style by watching his bout with Johnny Bratton on television. Jones' strongest winning round was the fifth when he swept Castellani with sweeping body attacks, and he was down from slips in the seventh and tenth rounds.[12][13]

On February 6, 1953, Castellani lost to Frenchman Pierre Langlois in twelve rounds before 4,887 fans in a Madison Garden upset Split Decision. The bout confirmed Castellani's standing as the top contender for the title in the United States. Notably, the match became Castellani's exit from a World Middleweight Title elimination tournament. Castellani led the pre-fight betting 3–1 over the Frenchman who had a spotty record and was not well known to the New York fans. In an extremely close split decision, two of the judges scored for Langlois but only by one point. Langlois's strong finish in the final two rounds sealed his victory, and he appeared the aggressor throughout the bout, but Castellani's speed and footwork remained impressive in the very close bout. A critical question was whether Castellani had been knocked down in the eleventh round or pushed. The judges disagreed on the issue, and it swayed one judge and referee Ruby Goldstein's scoring in favor of Langlois in the close bout. Eleven of fifteen boxing writers thought Castellani had won, but the judges who believed Castellani had been knocked down in the eleventh from a blow by Langlois gave the decision to him and removed Rocky's hopes to advance in the tournament. The United Press gave only a slimmest one point lead in their determination of who won the match.[14] The loss ended Castellani's goal of making an immediate shot at the World Middleweight Title against Sugar Ray Robinson, but he would get his chance at the reigning champion two years later in a non-title bout.[15]

 
Sugar Ray Robinson, 1947

The highlight of Castellani's career was his ten-round split decision near Hollywood, California on July 22, 1955, against Hall of Famer and world middleweight champion Sugar Ray Robinson. Castellani lost the split decision but knocked Robinson down in the sixth round for a count of nine, though Robinson quickly rose and resumed the bout. After his knockdown, Robinson rallied quickly, leading the bout with furious body punching which impressed the judges. He had difficulty going to the head of Castellani, though he did at times when his opponent occasionally lowered his defense. The thrilling spectacle which attracted 8,230 featured a close contest between Castellani, the top contender for the middleweight championship and Robinson, who would successfully defend his title against Bobo Olson in his next fight on December 9, 1955. Robinson called upon all his fifteen years of boxing experience to win the bout against a skilled opponent who was nearly his equal if only for ten rounds.[16]

A year earlier on August 20, 1954, Castellani lost a unanimous fifteen-round decision before a crowd of 11,000 to Carl "Bobo" Olson for the World Middleweight Title in Daly City. Olson was the World Middleweight Champion from 1953 to 1955. In the eleventh, Olson was down for a three count when his legs tangled with his opponent's, but Castellani was down for a full nine count in the twelfth from a crushing right overhand from Olson. In the remaining three rounds, Castellani, wounded and exhausted, backpedaled and held to finish the bout. The fight was largely one sided in the final three rounds, but the judges' scoring showed the effort made by Castellani to remain in the bout for the first ten rounds.[17]

On January 4, 1956, Castellani lost to talented middleweight Gene Fullmer in a televised bout at the Arena in Cleveland, losing in a very close, ten round Split Decision. Many of the crowd of 1,487, as well as the judges and reporters disagreed on the outcome of the fight. Two of the judges gave the bout to Fullmer by a margin of only three points or less, with one judge dissenting. The Associated Press disagreed with the official ruling, giving the fight to Castellani by a close margin of 97–93. The United Press gave the close bout to Fullmer, however, by a score of 98–91. Fullmer may have won the bout by taking the lead in the boxing, while Castellani continuously countered and defended many of Fullmer's blows. Fullmer established a hit and hold technique that helped him win the infighting by a shade. When Castellani went to the inside, Fullmer frequently landed blows to Castellani's mid-section, usually with his left. In the late sixth, Fullmer took the lead opening a gash on Fullmer, and then pounded what was already his aching mid-section to take the seventh, his best round. The tenth was a close and furious round where Castellani may have been trying for a knockout as his only hope, but Fullmer countered effectively to keep the round and the bout close. Fullmer was rated fourth in the world middleweight standings behind Castellani who was rated among the top three contenders for the crown.[18][19][20]

On August 3, 1956, Castellani lost to skilled middleweight Joey Giambra by a significant points margin in a ten-round split decision at Madison Square Garden. Giambra in pre-fight betting had an 8–5 lead over his opponent, and proved his advantage in the fight. Castellani retreated constantly throughout the first five rounds only rarely moving to make a punch and unable to face the stronger, and better skilled Giambra. Giambra cornered Castellani in the sixth against the ropes, throwing blows with both hands, with Castellani having trouble. Weakened in the final four rounds, and moving slower, the action picked up.[21]

On December 10, 1956, Giambra defeated Castellani again in a ten-round unanimous decision at the Civic Auditorium in San Francisco. Giambra seemed clearly behind in the first three rounds scoring at long range with left hooks and right leads. Giambra rallied, however, and scored in the fourth and fifth with combinations to the head, making Rocky appear wobbly. In the fifth, Giambra scored with combinations to the face, abandoning his signature left hook. He stayed with the combination, and it paid off especially in the ninth when he dropped Castellani in the ninth for a three count. Giambra felt Castellani had performed better than in their previous August fight.[22][3] Giambra praised Castellani for his ring generalship that carried him through the final six rounds, after Giambra had pounded him against the ropes in the fourth and the end looked near for his opponent. Though only three years younger, Giambra looked a decade younger than the veteran Castellani in both their 1956 meetings.[23]

He finished his career with a 65–14–4 record.[24]

A biography of Castellani is entitled Young Rocky: A True Story of Attilio "Rocky" Castellani by Joe Kinney.[25]

Retirement from boxing

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After retiring from boxing in 1957, he became a tavern owner at Rocky Castellani and Sons in Atlantic City and Galloway Township, New Jersey and sponsored local youth sports' teams. Continuing to contribute to the sport he loved, he served as a judge for the New Jersey Boxing Commission and coached youth boxing.[2]

He was inducted into both the Pennsylvania and New Jersey Boxing Hall of Fame and was later inducted into the Pennsylvania Sports Hall of Fame.[2]

He died in Atlantic City, New Jersey at the AtlantiCare Regional Medical Center on August 31, 2008. He was survived by his wife Mary, to whom he was married 58 years, his three sons, daughter, and ten grandchildren. He was buried at the Atlantic County Veteran's Cemetery.

Professional boxing record

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89 fights 69 wins 14 losses
By knockout 18 4
By decision 51 10
Draws 6
No. Result Record Opponent Type Round, time Date Location Notes
89 Loss 69–14–6 Rory Calhoun UD 10 Oct 18, 1957 Madison Square Garden, New York City, New York, US
88 Loss 69–13–6 Bobby Boyd SD 10 Jun 26, 1957 Chicago Stadium, Chicago, Illinois, US
87 Win 69–12–6 Lester Felton KO 3 (10) Jun 6, 1957 Field House, Struthers, Ohio, US
86 Win 68–12–6 Felix Benson UD 10 Apr 30, 1957 Kingston Armory, Kingston, Pennsylvania, US
85 Loss 67–12–6 Joey Giambra UD 10 Dec 10, 1956 Civic Auditorium, San Francisco, California, US
84 Win 67–11–6 Al Andrews UD 10 Nov 19, 1956 Rhode Island Auditorium, Providence, Rhode Island, US
83 Loss 66–11–6 Joey Giambra UD 10 Aug 3, 1956 Madison Square Garden, New York City, New York, US
82 Win 66–10–6 Johnny Sullivan UD 10 Feb 24, 1956 Madison Square Garden, New York City, New York, US
81 Loss 65–10–6 Gene Fullmer SD 10 Jan 4, 1956 Arena, Cleveland, Ohio, US
80 Win 65–9–6 Pedro Gonzales TKO 10 (10) Oct 28, 1955 Arena, Cleveland, Ohio, US
79 Loss 64–9–6 Sugar Ray Robinson SD 10 Jul 22, 1955 Cow Palace, Daly City, California, US
78 Win 64–8–6 Chico Varona UD 10 Apr 25, 1955 St. Nicholas Arena, New York City, New York, US
77 Win 63–8–6 Holley Mims UD 12 Jan 12, 1955 Arena, Cleveland, Ohio, US
76 Win 62–8–6 Moses Ward TKO 8 (10), 2:30 Dec 1, 1954 Arena, Cleveland, Ohio, US
75 Loss 61–8–6 Bobo Olson UD 15 Aug 20, 1954 Cow Palace, Daly City, California, US For NYSAC, NBA, and The Ring middleweight titles
74 Win 61–7–6 Pedro Gonzales UD 10 Apr 15, 1954 Arena, Cleveland, Ohio, US
73 Win 60–7–6 Phil Rizzo TKO 6 (10) Mar 17, 1954 Armory, Akron, Ohio, US
72 Win 59–7–6 Ernie Durando UD 10 Feb 19, 1954 Madison Square Garden, New York City, New York, US
71 Win 58–7–6 Gil Turner UD 10 Dec 9, 1953 Arena, Cleveland, Ohio, US
70 Win 57–7–6 Mickey Laurent UD 10 Oct 28, 1953 Arena, Cleveland, Ohio, US
69 Win 56–7–6 Ted Olla UD 10 Oct 8, 1953 Arena, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, US
68 Win 55–7–6 Johnny Lombardo UD 10 Sep 12, 1953 Rainbo Arena, Chicago, Illinois, US
67 Win 54–7–6 Jackie Keough TKO 9 (10), 2:45 Aug 22, 1953 Sports Arena, Toledo, Ohio, US
66 Win 53–7–6 Pierre Langlois SD 10 Jun 17, 1953 Arena, Cleveland, Ohio, US
65 Win 52–7–6 Johnny Mack KO 1 (8) May 7, 1953 Arena, Cleveland, Ohio, US
64 Loss 51–7–6 Pierre Langlois SD 12 Feb 6, 1953 Madison Square Garden, New York City, New York, US
63 Win 51–6–6 Ralph 'Tiger' Jones SD 10 Jan 9, 1953 Madison Square Garden, New York City, New York, US
62 Win 50–6–6 Jimmy Flood UD 10 Dec 10, 1952 Arena, Cleveland, Ohio, US
61 Win 49–6–6 Vic Cardell UD 10 Nov 17, 1952 Eastern Parkway Arena, New York City, New York, US
60 Win 48–6–6 Jimmy Herring TKO 8 (10), 0:58 Sep 22, 1952 Eastern Parkway Arena, New York City, New York, US
59 Win 47–6–6 Johnny Lombardo UD 10 Sep 1, 1952 Eastern Parkway Arena, New York City, New York, US
58 Win 46–6–6 Johnny Bratton SD 10 Jun 18, 1952 Chicago Stadium, Chicago, Illinois, US
57 Draw 45–6–6 Billy Graham SD 10 May 16, 1952 Madison Square Garden, New York City, New York, US
56 Win 45–6–5 Johnny Bratton UD 10 Mar 28, 1952 Madison Square Garden, New York City, New York, US
55 Win 44–6–5 Ralph Zanelli UD 10 Mar 17, 1952 Rhode Island Auditorium, Providence, Rhode Island, US
54 Win 43–6–5 Ralph 'Tiger' Jones PTS 8 Mar 8, 1952 Ridgewood Grove, New York City, New York, US
53 Loss 42–6–5 Ernie Durando TKO 7 (10), 2:04 Jan 11, 1952 Madison Square Garden, New York City, New York, US
52 Win 42–5–5 Terry Moore UD 10 Nov 26, 1951 Town Hall, Scranton, Pennsylvania, US
51 Win 41–5–5 Joey Giardello MD 10 Nov 13, 1951 Catholic Youth Center, Scranton, Pennsylvania, US
50 Win 40–5–5 Eugene Hairston SD 10 Jul 9, 1951 Scranton Stadium, Scranton, Pennsylvania, US
49 Win 39–5–5 Joe DiMartino TKO 6 (8) May 17, 1951 Eastern Parkway Arena, New York City, New York, US
48 Win 38–5–5 Tommy Varsos TKO 7 (10), 2:37 Mar 5, 1951 South Main Street Armory, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, US
47 Win 37–5–5 Bobby Lloyd UD 10 Feb 5, 1951 South Main Street Armory, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, US
46 Win 36–5–5 Phil Burton UD 10 Jun 5, 1950 Artillery Park, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, US
45 Win 35–5–5 Ernie Durando UD 10 Jan 27, 1950 Madison Square Garden, New York City, New York, US
44 Win 34–5–5 Harold Green UD 10 Dec 16, 1949 Watres Armory, Scranton, Pennsylvania, US
43 Win 33–5–5 Tony Riccio UD 10 Oct 24, 1949 Town Hall, Scranton, Pennsylvania, US
42 Loss 32–5–5 Kid Gavilán UD 10 Sep 9, 1949 Madison Square Garden, New York City, New York, US
41 Draw 32–4–5 Tony Riccio PTS 10 Aug 1, 1949 Meadowbrook Bowl, Newark, New Jersey, US
40 Win 32–4–4 Tony Janiro UD 10 Jul 13, 1949 Scranton Stadium, Scranton, Pennsylvania, US
39 Win 31–4–4 Tony DeMicco UD 10 May 6, 1949 St. Nicholas Arena, New York City, New York, US
38 Loss 30–4–4 Charley Fusari UD 10 Feb 18, 1949 Madison Square Garden, New York City, New York, US
37 Win 30–3–4 Al Priest UD 10 Jan 13, 1949 Watres Armory, Scranton, Pennsylvania, US
36 Win 29–3–4 Sonny Horne UD 10 Nov 18, 1948 Kingston Armory, Kingston, Pennsylvania, US
35 Win 28–3–4 Walter Cartier TKO 7 (10), 1:54 Oct 8, 1948 St. Nicholas Arena, New York City, New York, US
34 Win 27–3–4 Herbie Kronowitz UD 10 Aug 2, 1948 Artillery Park, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, US
33 Win 26–3–4 Mickey Zangara UD 10 Jul 15, 1948 Fort Hamilton Arena, New York City, New York, US
32 Win 25–3–4 Harold Green SD 10 May 28, 1948 Madison Square Garden, New York City, New York, US
31 Win 24–3–4 Leo Sawicki KO 4 (10), 1:51 May 13, 1948 Kingston Armory, Kingston, Pennsylvania, US
30 Win 23–3–4 Jimmy King UD 10 Jan 15, 1948 Kingston Armory, Kingston, Pennsylvania, US
29 Win 22–3–4 Lenny Mancini UD 10 Dec 19, 1947 Watres Armory, Scranton, Pennsylvania, US
28 Win 21–3–4 Tony Riccio UD 10 Nov 10, 1947 St. Nicholas Arena, New York City, New York, US
27 Win 20–3–4 Vic Costa KO 3 (10), 1:34 Oct 14, 1947 Kingston Armory, Kingston, Pennsylvania, US
26 Win 19–3–4 Lenny Mancini PTS 8 Sep 19, 1947 Madison Square Garden, New York City, New York, US
25 Win 18–3–4 Billy Kilroy UD 8 Jul 29, 1947 Scranton-Dunmore Stadium, Dunmore, Pennsylvania, US
24 Win 17–3–4 Ernie Butler UD 8 Jul 2, 1947 Kingston Armory, Kingston, Pennsylvania, US
23 Win 16–3–4 Gene Boland UD 8 Jun 10, 1947 Scranton-Dunmore Stadium, Dunmore, Pennsylvania, US
22 Win 15–3–4 Jiggs Donahue PTS 8 May 13, 1947 Watres Armory, Scranton, Pennsylvania, US
21 Win 14–3–4 Patsy Gall UD 8 Apr 10, 1947 Kingston Armory, Kingston, Pennsylvania, US
20 Win 13–3–4 Chubby Wright UD 8 Mar 6, 1947 Kingston Armory, Kingston, Pennsylvania, US
19 Win 12–3–4 Joey Freda UD 8 Feb 13, 1947 Kingston Armory, Kingston, Pennsylvania, US
18 Win 11–3–4 'Young' Beau Jack UD 6 Jan 13, 1947 Coliseum, Baltimore, Maryland, US
17 Loss 10–3–4 Billy Kilroy RTD 3 (8) Dec 18, 1946 Watres Armory, Scranton, Pennsylvania, US
16 Win 10–2–4 Stan Perrock TKO 6 (6) Nov 29, 1946 Kingston Armory, Kingston, Pennsylvania, US
15 Win 9–2–4 Stanley Miller TKO 6 (6) Oct 28, 1946 Watres Armory, Scranton, Pennsylvania, US
14 Win 8–2–4 Billy Brown KO 4 (6) Sep 26, 1946 Kingston Armory, Kingston, Pennsylvania, US
13 Win 7–2–4 Billy Brown UD 4 Sep 3, 1946 Scranton-Dunmore Stadium, Dunmore, Pennsylvania, US
12 Win 6–2–4 Joe Kiddish SD 6 Aug 27, 1946 Harman-Geis Stadium, Hazleton, Pennsylvania, US
11 Win 5–2–4 John Stoffy TKO 3 (4) Aug 5, 1946 Scranton-Dunmore Stadium, Dunmore, Pennsylvania, US
10 Draw 4–2–4 Al Harrison PTS 4 Apr 24, 1944 Casino Hall, Scranton, Pennsylvania, US
9 Draw 4–2–3 George Henry PTS 4 Apr 17, 1944 Lyric Theatre, Allentown, Pennsylvania, US
8 Win 4–2–2 Billy Hayes SD 4 Apr 10, 1944 Casino Hall, Scranton, Pennsylvania, US
7 Loss 3–2–2 Joe Kiddish TKO 3 (4), 2:20 Mar 22, 1944 Holy Trinity Hall, Hazleton, Pennsylvania, US
6 Loss 3–1–2 Chuck Kinney KO 1 (4) Mar 6, 1944 Kalurah Temple, Binghamton, New York, US
5 Draw 3–0–2 Paulie Wilson PTS 4 Feb 14, 1944 Casino Hall, Scranton, Pennsylvania, US
4 Win 3–0–1 Jackie Murphy KO 2 (4) Feb 7, 1944 Casino Hall, Scranton, Pennsylvania, US
3 Win 2–0–1 Ray Murphy PTS 4 Jan 31, 1944 Casino Hall, Scranton, Pennsylvania, US
2 Win 1–0–1 Jack Leidinger TKO 2 (4) Jan 17, 1944 Casino Hall, Scranton, Pennsylvania, US
1 Draw 0–0–1 Jack Shea PTS 4 Jan 10, 1944 Casino Hall, Scranton, Pennsylvania, US

References

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  1. ^ Jo Sports Inc
  2. ^ a b c "Attillio Castellani (Obit)", The Times Leader, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, pg. 6, 11 Sep 2008
  3. ^ a b "Rocky Castellani". BoxRec. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  4. ^ Konopki, Dave, The Times Leader, "Fighter In And Out of the Ring", Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, pg. 11, 15 September 2008
  5. ^ Social Security Death Index Interactive Search
  6. ^ "Rocky Castellani Outpoints DeMicco", Mauch Chunk Time-News, Mauch Chunk, Pennsylvania, pg. 1, 7 May 1949
  7. ^ "Rocky Castellani Beats DeMicco in Ten Rounder", Hartford Courant, Hartford, Connecticut, pg. 12, 7 May 1949
  8. ^ "Rocky Castellani Wins Easily Over Giardello", The Courier News, Bridgewater, New Jersey, pg. 37, 14 November 1951
  9. ^ 1,932 fans in "Castellani Wins", The Honolulu Advertiser, Honolulu, Hawaii, pg. 22, 14 November 1951
  10. ^ "Castellani Wins Split Decision From Jones", The Los Angeles Times, pg. 40, 10 January 1953
  11. ^ "Rocky Castellani Too Speedy for Jones", The Terre Haute Tribune, Terre Haute, Indiana, pg. 6, 10 January 1953
  12. ^ Lee, Joe, "Castellani Gains Langlois Booking", The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Brooklyn, New York, pg. 6, 10 January 1953
  13. ^ "Rocky Castellani Gets Nod Over Jones", The Gazette and Daily Newspapers, York, Pennsylvania, pg. 21, 10 January 1953
  14. ^ UP favored Langlois in "Knockdown Earns Langlois Verdict", The Times, San Mateo, California, pg. 11, 7 February 1953
  15. ^ Hand, Jack, "Langlois Upsets Rocky Castellani in Close Bout", The Progress, Clearfield, Pennsylvania, pg. 6, 7 February 1953
  16. ^ Stirling, Scotty, "Ray Rises From Deck to Get Nod", Oakland Tribune, pg. 13, 23 June 1955
  17. ^ Whorton, Cal, "Bobo on Floor in Title Bout", The Los Angeles Times, Los Angeles, California, pg. 35, 21 August 1954
  18. ^ Newkirk, Bill, "Fullmer Not Anxious for Title Scrap", The Evening News, Massilon, Ohio, pg. 18, 5 January 1956
  19. ^ Fullmer took the sixth and seventh in "Fullmer Beats Rocky in Bloody Ring Go", The Cincinnati Enquirer, Cincinnati, Ohio, pg. 34, 5 January 1956
  20. ^ Fullmer used a left up close in "Gene Fullmer Scores Upset in TV Fistics", The Journal Herald, Dayton, Ohio, pg. 6, 5 January 1956
  21. ^ In trouble in the sixth in "Joey Giambra Whips Rocky Castellani Fri.", Greely Daily Tribune, Greely, Colorado, pg. 4, 4 August 1956
  22. ^ "Giambra Beats Castellani", Daily Independent Journal, San Rafael, California, pg. 12, 11 December 1956
  23. ^ Stevenson, Jack, "Giambra Seeks Joey Giardello After Victory, Santa Cruz Sentinel, pg. 11, 11 December 1956
  24. ^ Lisa A. Castellani Engaged to Marry - New York Times
  25. ^ Amazon.com: Young Rocky: A True Story of Attilio Rocky Castellani: Books: Joe Kinney
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