Rochefort (French pronunciation: [ʁɔʃfɔʁ] ; Occitan: Ròchafòrt), unofficially Rochefort-sur-Mer (French pronunciation: [ʁɔʃfɔʁ syʁ mɛʁ]; Occitan: Ròchafòrt de Mar) for disambiguation, is a city and commune in Southwestern France, a port on the Charente estuary. It is a subprefecture of the Charente-Maritime department, located in the administrative region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2015: Poitou-Charentes).
Rochefort | |
|---|---|
Subprefecture and commune | |
 Port in Rochefort | |
.svg) Coat of arms | |
Location of Rochefort  | |
  Rochefort  Rochefort | |
| Coordinates: 45°56′32″N 0°57′32″W / 45.9421°N 0.9588°W | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine |
| Department | Charente-Maritime |
| Arrondissement | Rochefort |
| Canton | Rochefort |
| Intercommunality | CA Rochefort Océan |
| Government | |
| • Mayor (2020–2026) | Hervé Blanché[1] |
Area 1 | 21.95 km2 (8.47 sq mi) |
| Population (2021)[2] | 23,092 |
| • Density | 1,100/km2 (2,700/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC 01:00 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC 02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 17299 /17300 |
| Elevation | 0–29 m (0–95 ft) (avg. 5 m or 16 ft) |
| 1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |
Geography
editRochefort lies on the river Charente, close to its outflow into the Atlantic Ocean. It is about 30 km southeast of La Rochelle. Rochefort station has rail connections to La Rochelle, Nantes and Bordeaux.
History
editIn December 1665, Rochefort was chosen by Jean-Baptiste Colbert as a place of "refuge, defence and supply" for the French Navy. The Arsenal de Rochefort served as a naval base and dockyard until it closed in 1926.
In September 1757, Rochefort was the target of an ambitious British raid during the Seven Years' War.
Another infrastructure of early Rochefort from 1766 was its bagne, a high-security penal colony involving hard labour. Bagnes were then common fixtures in military harbors and naval bases, such as Toulon or Brest, because they provided free labor. During the Jacobin period of the French Revolution (1790–95), over 800 Roman Catholic priests and other clergy who refused to take the anti-Papal oath of the "Civil Constitution of the Clergy" were put aboard a fleet of prison ships in Rochefort harbour, where most died due to inhumane conditions.
Off Rochefort, from the island of Île-d'Aix where he had spent several days hoping to flee to America, Napoleon Bonaparte surrendered to Captain F. L. Maitland aboard HMS Bellerophon, on 17 July 1815, ending the "Hundred Days".
Rochefort is a notable example of 17th-century "ville nouvelle" or new town, which means its design and building resulted from a political decree. The reason for building Rochefort was to a large extent that royal power could hardly depend on rebellious Protestant La Rochelle, which Cardinal Richelieu had to besiege a few decades earlier. Well into the 20th century, Rochefort remained primarily a garrison town. The tourist industry, which had long existed due to the town's spa, gained emphasis in the 1990s.
Population
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| Source: EHESS[3] and INSEE (1968-2020)[4] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sights
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Noteworthy buildings of the original naval establishment include:
- a hospital, incorporating a School of Naval Medicine (now a museum)
- the Arsenal with a monumental gateway and the National Navy Museum (Musée National de la Marine)
- the Rope Factory (corderie), at over 370 metres long for centuries the longest manufacturing building in the world
- three dry docks (radoubs) for shipbuilding and repair
- a cannon foundry (not open to the public)
Other sights include:
- a rare transporter bridge (pont transbordeur), consisting of a high level bridge containing a transport mechanism from which a ferry platform is suspended. This bridge, the Rochefort-Martrou Transporter Bridge, built in 1900, is the only remaining one in France and one of only eight still in service world-wide
- the municipal theatre (la Coupe d'Or)
- the railway station
- Saint-Louis church
- Pierre Loti's house (closed indefinitely pending completion of renovation work)
- Museums of Naval Aeronautics, old-time trades (Commerces d'Autrefois), and local archaeology (la Vieille Paroisse)
- Conservatoire du Bégonia, the world's largest begonia collection
- L'Hermione, a replica of a 1779 frigate completed in the town in 2014
Notable inhabitants
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Rochefort was the birthplace of:
- Louis-René Levassor de Latouche Tréville (1745–1804), French admiral.
- Charles Rigault de Genouilly (1807–1873), French admiral, conqueror of Vietnam.
- Pierre Loti (1850–1923), a French naval officer and novelist. His house is now a museum.[5]
- Amédée William Merlaud-Ponty (1866-1915), Governor General of French West Africa.
- Pauline Réage (1907–1998), pseudonym of Anne Desclos, author
- Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908–1961), philosopher
- Pierre Salviac, (born 1946), a French journalist, former rugby-match commentator and since then polemicist.
International relations
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Climate
edit| Climate data for Rochefort (Saint-Agnant) (1992–2020 normals, extremes 1992–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 17.0 (62.6) |
23.0 (73.4) |
26.2 (79.2) |
30.3 (86.5) |
33.2 (91.8) |
40.6 (105.1) |
41.4 (106.5) |
40.1 (104.2) |
35.5 (95.9) |
31.3 (88.3) |
23.0 (73.4) |
19.7 (67.5) |
41.4 (106.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 9.9 (49.8) |
11.0 (51.8) |
14.0 (57.2) |
16.7 (62.1) |
20.2 (68.4) |
23.6 (74.5) |
25.5 (77.9) |
25.6 (78.1) |
23.1 (73.6) |
18.7 (65.7) |
13.5 (56.3) |
10.4 (50.7) |
17.7 (63.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 6.9 (44.4) |
7.4 (45.3) |
9.7 (49.5) |
12.1 (53.8) |
15.6 (60.1) |
18.8 (65.8) |
20.6 (69.1) |
20.6 (69.1) |
17.9 (64.2) |
14.6 (58.3) |
10.1 (50.2) |
7.4 (45.3) |
13.5 (56.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 4.0 (39.2) |
3.7 (38.7) |
5.4 (41.7) |
7.4 (45.3) |
10.9 (51.6) |
14.1 (57.4) |
15.7 (60.3) |
15.5 (59.9) |
12.8 (55.0) |
10.5 (50.9) |
6.8 (44.2) |
4.3 (39.7) |
9.3 (48.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −8.8 (16.2) |
−8.4 (16.9) |
−8.7 (16.3) |
−2.5 (27.5) |
2.0 (35.6) |
6.0 (42.8) |
9.3 (48.7) |
8.6 (47.5) |
4.7 (40.5) |
−1.9 (28.6) |
−5.8 (21.6) |
−9.2 (15.4) |
−9.2 (15.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 77.3 (3.04) |
56.7 (2.23) |
57.7 (2.27) |
65.1 (2.56) |
57.6 (2.27) |
46.6 (1.83) |
37.1 (1.46) |
44.4 (1.75) |
61.5 (2.42) |
82.8 (3.26) |
98.0 (3.86) |
93.4 (3.68) |
778.2 (30.64) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 12.0 | 10.1 | 10.0 | 10.2 | 9.3 | 6.9 | 6.2 | 6.8 | 8.0 | 11.3 | 12.7 | 13.7 | 117.1 |
| Source: Meteociel[7] | |||||||||||||
See also
edit- Communes of the Charente-Maritime department
- Kaolin deposits of the Charentes Basin
- The Young Girls of Rochefort film directed by Jacques Demy with Catherine Deneuve, Françoise Dorléac, and Gene Kelly with music composed by Michel Legrand
References
edit- ^ "Répertoire national des élus: les maires". data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises (in French). 2 December 2020.
- ^ "Populations légales 2021" (in French). The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 28 December 2023.
- ^ Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Rochefort, EHESS (in French).
- ^ Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
- ^ Gosse, Edmund William (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). pp. 19–20.
- ^ "Comité de Jumelage de Rochefort". rochefort.comite-jumelage.fr (in French). Comité de Jumelage de Rochefort. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
- ^ "Normales et records pour Saint Agnant (17)". Meteociel. Retrieved 21 November 2024.
Movies: "Les Demoiselles De Rochefort" 1967 - Jacques Demy
External links
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