Pope Marinus I (/məˈraɪnəs/ mə-RY-nəs; died 15 May 884) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 882 until his death. Controversially at the time, he was already a bishop when he became pope, and had served as papal legate to Constantinople. He was also erroneously called Martin II (Martinus II) leading to the second pope named Martin to take the name Martin IV.[citation needed]
Marinus I | |
|---|---|
| Bishop of Rome | |
| Church | Catholic Church |
| Papacy began | 16 December 882 |
| Papacy ended | 15 May 884 |
| Predecessor | John VIII |
| Successor | Adrian III |
| Previous post(s) | bishop of Caere |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 830 |
| Died | 15 May 884 (aged c. 54) Rome, Papal States[1] |
| Other popes named Marinus | |
Ecclesiastical career
editDiplomat to the East
editBorn at Gallese, Marinus was the son of a priest. He would become an expert on relations with the Eastern church, starting this path when he assisted as subdeacon the welcome of ambassadors of emperor Michael III in 860.[2] He was ordained as a deacon by Pope Nicholas I[3] and then sent in 866 to Constantinople to discuss the religious leadership over the newly converted Bulgarians though the embassy was turned back at the Byzantine border.[2] Marinus was sent again in 869 as one of pope Adrian II's legates who presided over the eight ecumenical council in Constantinople which deposed the Patriarch Photios I of Constantinople. His profile became popular after and some time afterwards he became bishop of Caere, possibly to prevent that he could become archbishop of Bulgaria as one of king Boris' favourite candidates.[2]
On three separate occasions, he had been employed by the three popes who preceded him as legate to Constantinople, his mission in each case having reference to the controversy started by Patriarch Photios I of Constantinople.[4][3] In 882, he was sent on behalf of Pope John VIII to Duke Athanasius of Naples to warn him not to trade with the Muslims of southern Italy.[5] During that time, he also served as treasurer to the Holy See.[2]
Papacy
editMarinus I was elected to succeed John VIII as bishop of Rome from around the end of December 882.[4] This papal election was controversial because Marinus had already been consecrated as bishop of Caere; at the time, a bishop was expected never to move to another see. Among his first acts as pope were the restitution of Formosus as cardinal bishop of Portus and the anathematizing of Photius I.[6] Due to his respect for Alfred the Great (r. 871–899), he freed the Anglo-Saxons of the Schola Anglorum in Rome from tribute and taxation.[6] He also is recorded to have sent a piece of the True Cross to Alfred as a gift.[7] He died in May 884 and was buried in St. Peter's basilica in Rome, his successor being Adrian III.[2]
Name error
editBecause of the similarity of the names, Marinus I and Marinus II were, in some sources, mistakenly called Martinus II and Martinus III.[8]
References
edit- ^ The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. "Marinus I". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 30 August 2016.
- ^ a b c d e Levillain, Philippe; O'Malley, John W., eds. (2002). "Marinus I". The Papacy: Gaius-Proxies. Psychology Press. pp. 969–970. ISBN 978-0-415-92230-2. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
- ^ a b McBrien, Richard P. (2000). Lives of the Popes: The Pontiffs from St. Peter to Benedict XVI. HarperCollins. p. 142. ISBN 9780060878078.
- ^ a b One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Marinus s.v. Marinus I.". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 721–722.
- ^ Philippe Levillain (1 Jan 2002). The Papacy: Gaius-Proxies (illustrated ed.). Psychology Press. p. 969. ISBN 9780415922302.
- ^ a b "Pope Marinus I; Martin II". New Catholic Dictionary. 2008. Archived from the original on 1 February 2012. Retrieved 7 February 2011.
- ^ Studies in the Early History of Shaftesbury Abbey, Dorset County Council, 1999
- ^
Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Pope Marinus I". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
Further reading
edit
- Dvornik, Francis (1948). The Photian Schism: History and Legend. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.