Periyachi (Tamil: பெரியாச்சி, IAST: Periyāchī) is a ferocious aspect of Parvati in Hinduism. She is also known as Periyachi Amman (Amman meaning "mother") and sometimes called as Periyachi Kali Amman as she is associated with the goddess Kali. According to some accounts, the deity is a Guardian form of the Mother Goddess, who is prayed to in order to prevent misfortune during childbirth.[2] Periyachi is said to be the protector of children, and is associated with childbirth and pregnancy, and is a deity revered in Singapore, The Caribbean, Malaysia and Réunion Island.[3][4]
| Periyachi | |
|---|---|
Goddess of Midwifery[1] | |
 Periyachi Amman is seen protecting a newborn child in her arms, while killing the queen and trampling the king in Sri Veeramakaliamman Temple. | |
| Affiliation | Devi, Adi Parashakti, Parvati |
| Abode | Mount Kailash |
| Mantra | Om Śrī Mātre Namaha |
| Weapon | Trishula, Sword, Noose |
| Mount | Lion |
| Temples | Sri Veeramakaliamman Temple, Sri Mariamman Temple, Singapore |
| Festivals | Navaratri, Pumsavana |
| Consort | Shiva |
Legend
editThere was once a Pandya king named Vallalarajan Raja who evilly tormented his subjects. It was said that if his child touched the earth then this act would bring an end to the king. When the queen went into labour, the king could not find a mid-wife. He had to choose a woman named Periyachi. This stern woman successfully completed the delivery of the child and held it up so that it did not touch the earth. The king wanted to kill the newborn, in the intent to preserve his own life. The king did not know that Periyachi was the goddess Adi Parashakti, and so he was surprised when she took on her true form. Using her multiple arms, she trampled the king under her foot. Then, she killed the king using her weapons. At the same time, the queen also wanted to kill the baby, as she considered the child the death of her king, but Periyachi killed the queen, ripped out her stomach and ate her intestines, and saved the baby. Therefore, Periyachi was known as the protector of babies and expectant mothers. The baby is said to have grown up under Periyachi's care and later became the Pandya king, He later built many temples and shrines for Periyachi Amman.
Iconography
editPeriyachi is recognized by her eight arms and fearsome appearance. She is usually shown holding weapons and a child. She may hold a Trishula (trident), a noose, a damaru drum with a snake, a sword and a vessel filled with blood. She is often depicted as standing or seated with her feet on the disemboweled king. She is shown with her two front hands ripping open the abdomen and womb of the queen, who lies on her lap, and is chewing the queen's intestines as blood trickles from her mouth. Two of her hands hold the intestines and the king's child is held aloft in another hand.[4][5] Her fierce appearance is said to ward off evil spirits.[5]
Roles
editPeriyachi is considered a kaval deviam, or a guardian spirit. Other male kaval deivams like Muneeswaran and Madhurai Veeran are considered her guardians.[6] Periyachi, along with Jada-Muneeswaran, an aspect of Muneeswaran, are said to come on earth as a jodi (pair) to ward off evil spirits and guard the earth.[7] Periyachi is said to punish women who do and say things to hurt others, and also punishes men who exploit women, by trampling them under her feet.[8] She is also regarded as a protector of children.[9]
Worship
editDuring the third month of pregnancy - among the Tamil rural Hindu diaspora, the ceremony of Punsavana ("foetus protection") is performed, along with prayers to Periyachi to guard the mother and child against the evil eye. After that during the seventh month, the Simantonnyana ("bangle ceremony") is performed along with prayers to the goddess to ease labour pains and protect the mother and child during delivery. On the 30th day after childbirth, in a ceremony at home, a black sari, non-vegetarian dishes and auspicious things are offered to the goddess.[10] Women pray to her to avoid misfortune to a newborn baby, and mothers are expected to pray to the goddess after a safe child-birth.[11] Then, on the first temple visit after childbirth, the parents dedicate their one-month-old babies to the goddess, placing the baby in front of the goddess on the ground or at her feet. The child's head has to be shaved and covered by yellow cloth. Everyone, except siblings of the baby, back off acknowledging the goddess's protection of the baby in the womb and for the first few months of its life. Then the priest performs usual rites to worship Periyachi.[4][10][5] Worshipping the goddess for 12 Sundays by couples is said to grant them progeny.[12]
Tuesdays and Fridays are considered to be special auspicious days to worship Periyachi and Muneeswaran.[7] A festival called Periyachi Puja is held in the Tamil month of Aadi (Aati) to honour the goddess.[13] She is also worshipped in the Tamil month Thai. As part of her worship, an padaiyal offering, consisting of meat of the sacrificed animal as well as vegetarian dishes are presented to her and then given to devotees as prasadam. Eating this prasadam is believed to bring good luck and good health.[12] During the period of the festival Thimithi, scenes from epic Mahabharata are enacted by the devotees and drama troupes. A week before the fire walking, they perform prayers to Periyachi. The prayer session is held to request her blessings upon the devotees and that no unpleasant incidents should happen during the festival.[14] Periyachi is also worshiped as a household or family deity by devotees.[15] She is also said to possess some of her devotees.[16]
Periyachi's shrines are found in the Sri Veeramakaliamman Temple, Sri Mariamman Temple, Singapore and Sri Maha Mariamman Temple, Kepong. Individual temples dedicated to her also exist, like the Devi Sri Periyachi Amman Temple in Penang.
Notes
edit- ^ Encyclopedia of the Divine Feminine: Goddess of 10,000 Names. Xlibris Corporation. 26 May 2021. ISBN 9781664105690.
- ^ Sinha, Vineeta (2005). A New God in the Diaspora?: Muneeswaran Worship in Contemporary Singapore. NUS Press. p. 303. ISBN 978-9971-69-321-3.
- ^ Sinha p.303
- ^ a b c Mark Lewis (2003). The Rough Guide to Singapore. Rough Guides. p. 64. ISBN 9781843530756.
- ^ a b c Winfried Corduan (10 April 1998). Neighboring faiths: a Christian introduction to world religions. InterVarsity Press. p. 213. ISBN 9780830815241.
- ^ Sinha p. 105
- ^ a b Sinha p. 122
- ^ Eveland, Jennifer (24 June 2009). Frommer's Singapore & Malaysia. Frommer's. p. 135. ISBN 9780470523537.
- ^ Mat Oakley, Joshua Samuel Brown (15 September 2010). Singapore. Lonely Planet. p. 61. ISBN 9781742204017.
- ^ a b Ramesh Kumar. "A Well-Known Infuriated Goddess With An Unknown History". Retrieved 21 March 2010.
- ^ Sinha p. 303
- ^ a b "About its Deities and Festivals: Sree Periyachi". Sree Maha Mariamman Temple official site. 2008. Archived from the original on 13 January 2010. Retrieved 21 March 2010.
- ^ Sinha p. 87
- ^ "Mahabharathathil Uruvaana thiruvizha," by Radha Kasiramu. Tamil Murasu, October 2005, p. 3.
- ^ Sinha p.140
- ^ Sinha p. 126
References
edit- Vineeta Sinha (2005). A new God in the diaspora?: Muneeswaran worship in contemporary Singapore. NUS Press. ISBN 9789971693213.