Penuel Baptist Chapel, Carmarthen is a Baptist chapel and attached schoolroom in the town of Carmarthen, Carmarthenshire, Wales. The building dates from 1786 and is located on Priory Street, Carmarthen. It ceased being an active place of worship in 2024 and is being converted into a museum of spirituality and the paranormal by Erik and Laura Rowton. [1][2][3]
| Penuel Baptist Chapel | |
|---|---|
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| 51°51′36″N 4°17′57″W / 51.8599°N 4.2992°W | |
| OS grid reference | SN417204 |
| Location | Priory Street, Carmarthen |
| Country | Wales |
| Denomination | Baptist (no longer active) |
| Website | rowtonsmuseum |
| Architecture | |
| Heritage designation | Grade II |
| Designated | 9 February 1999 |
| Architectural type | Chapel |
History
editPenuel Baptist Chapel can trace its origin to 1757, when linen-draper and part time preacher Stephen Davies founded the first chapel on the opposite side of the road to Penuel's current location. Situated in Old Chapel Yard, the congregation was granted formal incorporation by the Baptist Association in 1778, with Davies as their pastor.[4] Over the next several years, monies were raised for the building of a new chapel, which allowed for the present-day site to be purchased in 1786. The building was extended in 1797, before being rebuilt in 1817 and again 1851-2.[5][2]
An adjoining schoolroom was added in 1886, being built by George Morgan. The schoolroom hosted a variety of activities, including Temperance Society meetings, debates hosted by the Young People's Guild, and, in 1896, a two-hour lecture on "The Science of Phrenology".[6]
In 1909–10, Penuel Chapel was fully renovated, to such an extent that only the walls and roof remained from the previous building. Much of its present-day interior, including the organ and exceptional Canadian redwood pews and galleries, date to this time.[7]
History of Supernatural Occurrences
editUnder Rev. W.S. Jones, who moved from the United States to Carmarthen in 1897 in order to head the congregation at Penuel, the chapel is said to have witnessed many supernatural "manifestations" and instances of "divine healing". Jones is also described as having experienced an ecstatic "baptism of power" during his time at Penuel. Miracles and supernatural manifestations were reported as having been regularly witnessed by the congregation at the chapel, so much so that by 1904 it was "common knowledge that they regarded medicine and surgery with contempt" in favour of mysticism and faith healing.[8][9]
According to writer and preacher Michael Marcel of Wells UK, Rev. Jones would have been "transformed" by his two "baptism of power" experiences, with Marcel noting that, historically, those who had experienced such "went from being an ordinary preacher to an extraordinary one". Jones' supernatural experiences and personal claim of "divine healing" from a medical condition are credited as contributing to the Welsh Revival of 1904-5, a movement which relied primarily on alleged supernatural phenomena, exemplified by the visions of the Welsh evangelist prophet Evan Roberts.[10][8]
Architecture
editPenuel Baptist Chapel is set back from the road by a stout iron railing fence. The chapel has a broad gabled facade and a large, uncluttered interior in a classical style. It has galleries on all four sides, the downward-pointing timber posts creating quasi-aisles. The corners of the galleries are curved and the fronts of the galleries have panels with balustrades. The organ is in a recess on one of the galleries and underneath this there is a free classical arcaded pulpit behind which is a curved and panelled back with pediments.[11]
The church was designated as a Grade II listed building on 9 February 1999, being "a chapel of early origins with exceptional early C20 interior, unusual for the 2-storey arcades".[2] At the time of its renovation in 1910 it was stated that the chapel could accommodate 800 people and was designed in such a way that the occupiers of any pew on the ground and gallery floors have a full view of the pulpit and organ.[12]
References
edit- ^ "About". Rowtons' Museum of the Paranormal and Spirituality. 19 September 2024. Retrieved 19 September 2024.
- ^ a b c "Penuel Baptist Chapel, Carmarthen". British Listed Buildings. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
- ^ "Supernatural museum and seance plan for Carmarthen chapel". BBC News. 26 September 2024. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
- ^ "DAVIES, STEPHEN (died 1794), who revived the defunct 17th century Baptist church at Carmarthen | Dictionary of Welsh Biography". biography.wales. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
- ^ "The Chapel & Graveyard". Rowtons' Museum. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
- ^ "Penuel Schoolroom". The Carmarthen Weekly Reporter. 30 January 1896. p. 3. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
- ^ "Penuel Baptist Church, Carmarthen. Re-Opening Services". Carmarthen Weekly Reporter. William Morgan Evans. 16 September 1910. p. 3. Retrieved 24 February 2017.
- ^ a b "'The Rev, W. S. Jones and Pastor Howton.'". The Carmarthen Weekly Reporter. 24 November 1905. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
- ^ "Penuel Baptist Chapel - Carmarthen (1904)". website.ukwells.org. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
- ^ "Welsh Revival 1904-05". ukwells.org. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
- ^ Thomas Lloyd; Julian Orbach; Robert Scourfield (2006). Carmarthenshire and Ceredigion. Yale University Press. pp. 136–137. ISBN 0-300-10179-1.
- ^ "Penuel Baptist Church, Carmarthen. Re-Opening Services". Carmarthen Weekly Reporter. William Morgan Evans. 16 September 1910. p. 3. Retrieved 24 February 2017.