Penicillium crustosum is a blue-green or blue-grey mold that can cause food spoilage, particularly of protein-rich foods such as meats and cheeses. It is identified by its complex biseriate conidiophores on which phialides produce asexual spores. It can grow at fairly low temperatures (it is a psychrophile), and in low water activity environments.[2]
| Penicillium crustosum | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Eurotiomycetes |
| Order: | Eurotiales |
| Family: | Aspergillaceae |
| Genus: | Penicillium |
| Species: | P. crustosum
|
| Binomial name | |
| Penicillium crustosum Thom (1930)
| |
| Synonyms | |
|
Penicillium expansum var. crustosum,[1] | |
Penicillium crustosum produces mycotoxins, most notoriously the neurotoxic penitrems, including the best known penitrem toxin, penitrem A,[3] and including penitrems A through G. Penitrem G has been shown to have insecticidal activity.[4] In addition, P. crustosum can produce thomitrems A and E, and roquefortine C.[5] Consumption of foods spoiled by this mold can cause transient neurological symptoms such as tremors.[6] In dogs, symptoms can include vomiting, convulsion, tremors, ataxia, and tachycardia.[7]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g MycoBank
- ^ Alexopolous, C.J.; Mims, Charles W.; Blackwell, M. (1996). Introductory Mycology (4th ed.). Wiley. ISBN 0-471-52229-5.
- ^ Kalinina SA, Jagels A, Cramer B, Geisen R, Humpf HU (2017). "Influence of Environmental Factors on the Production of Penitrems A-F by Penicillium crustosum". Toxins (Basel). 9 (7): 210. doi:10.3390/toxins9070210. PMC 5535157. PMID 28671569.
- ^ González MC, Lull C, Moya P, Ayala I, Primo J, Primo Yúfera E (2003). "Insecticidal activity of penitrems, including penitrem G, a new member of the family isolated from Penicillium crustosum". J. Agric. Food Chem. 51 (8): 2156–60. doi:10.1021/jf020983e. PMID 12670149.2156-60&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021/jf020983e&rft_id=info:pmid/12670149&rft.aulast=González&rft.aufirst=MC&rft.au=Lull, C&rft.au=Moya, P&rft.au=Ayala, I&rft.au=Primo, J&rft.au=Primo Yúfera, E&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Penicillium crustosum" class="Z3988">
- ^ Rundberget T, Skaar I, O'Brien O, Flåøyen A (2004). "Penitrem and thomitrem formation by Penicillium crustosum". Mycopathologia. 157 (3): 349–57. doi:10.1023/b:myco.0000024180.99262.b1. PMID 15180164. S2CID 23351164.349-57&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:23351164#id-name=S2CID&rft_id=info:pmid/15180164&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023/b:myco.0000024180.99262.b1&rft.aulast=Rundberget&rft.aufirst=T&rft.au=Skaar, I&rft.au=O'Brien, O&rft.au=Flåøyen, A&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Penicillium crustosum" class="Z3988">
- ^ Moldes-Anaya A, Rundberget T, Fæste CK, Eriksen GS, Bernhoft A (2012). "Neurotoxicity of Penicillium crustosum secondary metabolites: tremorgenic activity of orally administered penitrem A and thomitrem A and E in mice". Toxicon. 60 (8): 1428–35. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.10.007. PMID 23085423.1428-35&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.10.007&rft_id=info:pmid/23085423&rft.aulast=Moldes-Anaya&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Rundberget, T&rft.au=Fæste, CK&rft.au=Eriksen, GS&rft.au=Bernhoft, A&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Penicillium crustosum" class="Z3988">
- ^ Eriksen GS, Jäderlund KH, Moldes-Anaya A, Schönheit J, Bernhoft A, Jaeger G, Rundberget T, Skaar I (2010). "Poisoning of dogs with tremorgenic Penicillium toxins". Med. Mycol. 48 (1): 188–96. doi:10.3109/13693780903225821. PMID 19886763.188-96&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info:doi/10.3109/13693780903225821&rft_id=info:pmid/19886763&rft.aulast=Eriksen&rft.aufirst=GS&rft.au=Jäderlund, KH&rft.au=Moldes-Anaya, A&rft.au=Schönheit, J&rft.au=Bernhoft, A&rft.au=Jaeger, G&rft.au=Rundberget, T&rft.au=Skaar, I&rft_id=https://doi.org/10.3109%2F13693780903225821&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Penicillium crustosum" class="Z3988">
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