A pancake lens is a colloquial term for a flat, thin camera lens assembly (short barrel). The majority are prime lenses of a normal or slightly wider angle of view, but some are zoom lenses.
Motivation
editPancake lenses are primarily valued for providing quality optics in a compact package. The resulting camera and lens assembly may even be small enough to be pocketable, a design feature which is usually impractical with conventional SLR bodies and lens assemblies. Pancake lenses can be very short and flat because they do not need large amounts of optical correction, i.e. extra lens elements.
The problem arises when such lenses have too short a focal length to fit in front of the retractable mirrors used in reflex cameras. In such a situation, a pancake lens focuses in front of, rather than on, the focal plane (film or light sensor) of the camera. This has necessitated the design of retrofocus lenses that refocus the image farther back, which is why such lenses are longer and bulkier than their "pancake" equivalents.
Pancake-style prime lenses are generally simpler to manufacture than pancake zoom lenses like Sony E PZ 16-50mm F3.5-5.6 due to the general lack of an internal micromotor and fewer image correcting elements, allowing for a thinner profile. Because of this limitation, pancake zoom lenses are much less common.
While there is no specific size and weight in defining a pancake lens, most are light-weight and no more than a few centimeters in length. This varies greatly depending upon the lens' build quality, focal length, and maximum aperture.
History
editIn the 1960s and 1970s the Nikon GN lens was a notable example, while in the 1970s and 1980s pancake lenses were used in compact single lens reflex (SLR) cameras.[1]
Throughout the 2010s, the design has seen a resurgence due to the growth of the mirrorless interchangeable-lens digital camera market. Pancake lenses have increasingly become lighter and feature thinner profiles than years past. An extreme example of this trend would be the Pentax DA 40mm F2.8 XS, released in 2012 and measuring only 9.14 millimetres (0.360 in) long.
Body-cap lenses
edit
A body-cap lens is an extreme type of pancake lens that is designed to both protect the camera internals as a body cap normally would, yet still allow the user to take photos. These lenses are manual focus only and generally have no more than a couple of optical lens elements, no image correcting elements, a very-slow fixed aperture, an extremely thin focusing ring (if any), and a retractable lens element cover. Due to this compromise in design, body-cap lenses generally suffer from numerous image quality issues such as heavy vignetting and poor image sharpness.
Examples of body-cap lenses include the Olympus 9mm F8 Fisheye and Olympus 15mm F8 for Micro Four Thirds and the Fujifilm XM-FL 24mm F8 for Fujifilm X-mount.[2][3]
Panasonic released a manual-focus lens for the L-Mount that is nearly the size of a body cap, but it does not have a retractable lens cover: the Lumix S 26mm F8.
List of pancake lenses
editThis is a list of autofocus prime lenses designed for mirrorless cameras that measure less than 30 millimeters in length — limit one per brand and focal length combination.
In 2024, Viltrox released the thinnest autofocus pancake lens ever produced for full-frame sensors: a 28mm F4.5 lens that is only 15mm thick. It is closer in size to a body-cap lens than to other pancake lenses.
| Model | Lens mounts |
Focal length[a] |
Aperture | Aperture ring |
OIS | Weight | Length | Release year |
Availability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.0-type ("1-inch")
| |||||||||
| Samsung 9mm F3.5 | NX-M | 24mm | f/3.5 | No | No | 31g | 13mm | 2014 | Discontinued |
| Nikon 10mm F2.8 | 1 | 27mm | f/2.8 | No | No | 77g | 22mm | 2011 | Discontinued |
| Samsung 17mm F1.8 | NX-M | 46mm | f/1.8 | No | Yes | 55g | 28mm | 2014 | Discontinued |
| Panasonic 14mm F2.5 II | MFT | 28mm | f/2.5 | No | No | 55g | 21mm | 2014 | Current |
| Olympus 17mm F2.8 | MFT | 34mm | f/2.8 | No | No | 71g | 22mm | 2009 | Discontinued |
| Panasonic 20mm F1.7 II | MFT | 40mm | f/1.7 | No | No | 87g | 26mm | 2013 | Current |
| Samsung 10mm F3.5 Fisheye | NX | 15mm | f/3.5 | iFn | No | 72g | 26mm | 2013 | Discontinued |
| Sony 16mm F2.8 | E | 24mm | f/2.8 | No | No | 67g | 23mm | 2010 | Current |
| Samsung 16mm F2.4 | NX | 24mm | f/2.4 | iFn | No | 90g | 24mm | 2011 | Discontinued |
| Leica 18mm F2.8 | L | 27mm | f/2.8 | No | No | 80g | 21mm | 2017 | Discontinued |
| Sony 20mm F2.8 | E | 30mm | f/2.8 | No | No | 69g | 20mm | 2013 | Current |
| Samsung 20mm F2.8 | NX | 30mm | f/2.8 | iFn | No | 89g | 25mm | 2010 | Discontinued |
| Canon 22mm F2 | EF-M | 35mm | f/2.0 | No | No | 105g | 24mm | 2012 | Current |
| Nikon 26mm F2.8[b] | Z | 39mm | f/2.8 | No | No | 125g | 24mm | 2023 | Current |
| Fujifilm 27mm F2.8 WR | X | 41mm | f/2.8 | Yes | No | 84g | 23mm | 2021 | Current |
| TTArtisan 27mm F2.8 | E, X, Z | 41mm | f/2.8 | Yes | No | 88g | 29mm | 2022 | Current |
| Viltrox 28mm F4.5 | E | 42mm | f/4.5 | No | No | 60g | 15mm | 2024 | Current |
| Canon 28mm F2.8[b] | RF | 42mm | f/2.8 | No | No | 120g | 25mm | 2023 | Current |
| Samsung 30mm F2 | NX | 45mm | f/2.0 | No | No | 85g | 22mm | 2010 | Discontinued |
| Nikon 26mm F2.8 | Z | 26mm | f/2.8 | No | No | 125g | 24mm | 2023 | Current |
| Viltrox 28mm F4.5 | E | 28mm | f/4.5 | No | No | 60g | 15mm | 2024 | Current |
| Canon 28mm F2.8 | RF | 28mm | f/2.8 | No | No | 120g | 25mm | 2023 | Current |
List of pancake zoom lenses
editThis is a list of autofocus zoom lenses designed for mirrorless cameras that measure less than 33 millimeters in length.
| Model | Lens mounts |
Focal length[a] | Aperture | OIS | PZ[c] | Weight | Length | Release year |
Availability | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wide | Tele | Wide | Tele | ||||||||
1.0-type ("1-inch")
| |||||||||||
| Samsung 9-27mm F3.5-5.6 | NX-M | 24mm | 73mm | f/3.5 | f/5.6 | Yes | No | 73g | 30mm | 2014 | Discontinued |
| Nikon 10-30mm F3.5-5.6 PD | 1 | 27mm | 81mm | f/3.5 | f/5.6 | Yes | Yes | 85g | 28mm | 2014 | Discontinued |
| Nikon 11-27.5mm F3.5-5.6 | 1 | 30mm | 74mm | f/3.5 | f/5.6 | No | No | 80g | 31mm | 2012 | Discontinued |
| Panasonic 12-32mm F3.5-5.6 | MFT | 24mm | 64mm | f/3.5 | f/5.6 | Yes | No | 70g | 24mm | 2013 | Current |
| Olympus 14-42mm F3.5-5.6 EZ | MFT | 28mm | 84mm | f/3.5 | f/5.6 | No | Yes | 93g | 23mm | 2014 | Current |
| Panasonic PZ 14-42mm F3.5-5.6 | MFT | 28mm | 84mm | f/3.5 | f/5.6 | Yes | Yes | 95g | 27mm | 2011 | Current |
| Sony 16-50mm F3.5-5.6 | E | 24mm | 75mm | f/3.5 | f/5.6 | Yes | Yes | 116g | 30mm | 2012 | Current |
| Sony 16-50mm F3.5-5.6 II | E | 24mm | 75mm | f/3.5 | f/5.6 | Yes | Yes | 107g | 31mm | 2024 | Current |
| Samsung 16-50mm F3.5-5.6 | NX | 24mm | 75mm | f/3.5 | f/5.6 | Yes | Yes | 111g | 31mm | 2014 | Discontinued |
| Nikon 16-50mm F3.5-6.3 | Z | 24mm | 75mm | f/3.5 | f/6.3 | Yes | No | 135g | 32mm | 2019 | Current |
List of near-pancake lenses
editThis is a list of autofocus prime lenses designed for mirrorless cameras that measure between 30 and 38 millimeters in length.
| Model | Lens mounts |
Focal length[a] |
Aperture | Aperture ring |
OIS | Weight | Length | Release year |
Availability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.0-type ("1-inch")
| |||||||||
| Nikon 18.5mm F1.8 | 1 | 50mm | f/1.8 | No | No | 70g | 36mm | 2012 | Discontinued |
| Panasonic Leica 15mm F1.7 | MFT | 30mm | f/1.7 | No | No | 115g | 36mm | 2014 | Current |
| DJI 15mm F1.7 | MFT | 30mm | f/1.7 | No | No | 115g | 36mm | 2015 | Discontinued |
| Olympus 17mm F1.8 | MFT | 34mm | f/1.8 | No | No | 120g | 36mm | 2012 | Current |
| Fujifilm 18mm F2 | X | 27mm | f/2.0 | Yes | No | 116g | 34mm | 2012 | Current |
| Samyang 24mm F2.8[d] | E | 24mm | f/2.8 | No | No | 93g | 37mm | 2018 | Current |
| Samyang 35mm F2.8[d] | E | 35mm | f/2.8 | No | No | 86g | 33mm | 2017 | Current |
| Sony Zeiss 35mm F2.8 | E | 35mm | f/2.8 | No | No | 120g | 37mm | 2013 | Current |
List of older pancake lenses
edit| Name | Type | Format | Length |
|---|---|---|---|
| Canon EF 40mm F2.8 STM | Prime | Full frame | 22.8 millimetres (0.90 in) |
| Canon EF-S 24mm F2.8 STM | Prime | APS-C | 22.9 millimetres (0.90 in) |
| Industar-22 51mm F3.5 | Prime | Full frame | 21.0 millimetres (0.83 in) |
| Industar-50 52mm F3.5 | Prime | Full frame | 20.0 millimetres (0.79 in) |
| Industar-69 28mm F2.8 | Prime | Half frame | 13.5 millimetres (0.53 in) |
| Konica Hexanon AR 40mm F1.8 | Prime | Full frame | 27.0 millimetres (1.06 in) |
| Neewer E 28mm F2.8 | Prime | APS-C | 29.0 millimetres (1.14 in) |
| Nikon 45mm F2.8 AI P | Prime | Full frame | 17.0 millimetres (0.67 in) |
| Nikon 50mm F1.8 E AIS | Prime | Full frame | 28.0 millimetres (1.10 in) |
| Nikon Auto GN Nikkor 45mm F2.8 | Prime | Full frame | 20.0 millimetres (0.79 in) |
| Olympus 25mm F2.8 ED | Prime | Four Thirds | 23.5 millimetres (0.93 in) |
| Olympus E. Zuiko Auto-S 38mm F2.8 | Prime | Half frame | 14.0 millimetres (0.55 in) |
| Olympus Zuiko Auto-S 40mm F2 | Prime | Full frame | 25.0 millimetres (0.98 in) |
| Pentax DA 21mm F3.2 | Prime | APS-C | 25.0 millimetres (0.98 in) |
| Pentax DA 40mm F2.8 | Prime | APS-C | 15.0 millimetres (0.59 in) |
| Pentax DA 40mm F2.8 XS | Prime | APS-C | 9.14 millimetres (0.360 in) |
| Pentax DA 70mm F2.4 | Prime | APS-C | 25.4 millimetres (1.00 in) |
| Pentax FA 43mm F1.9 | Prime | Full frame | 27.0 millimetres (1.06 in) |
| Voigtlander 20mm F3.5 Color Skopar SL II | Prime | Full frame | 28.6 millimetres (1.13 in) |
| Voigtlander 40mm F2.0 Ultron SL II | Prime | Full frame | 24.5 millimetres (0.96 in) |
Gallery
edit-
Olympus Pen F/FT (35mm analog film) lens E. Zuiko Auto-S 1:2.8 f=38mm 1966 -
Canon EF 40mm F2.8 STM pancake lens -
-
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Sony E PZ 16-50mm F3.5-5.6 OSS pancake zoom lens
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Other uses
editThe term pancake lens also refers to a specific type of image forming lens used in virtual reality goggles. This type of lens uses the principle that circular polarization is flipped at reflections at optical boundaries to lengthen the light path across the lens. This enables shortening the distance between the eye and the screen, therefore making the goggles more compact.[4]
Notes
edit- ^ a b c 35mm equivalent.
- ^ a b Actually a full-frame lens.
- ^ Power zoom.
- ^ a b Also sold under the Rokinon brand.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ DPReview forum: Re: Why is a pancake lens a big deal?, Photomonkey, 10:01:14 PM, Thursday, September 14, 2006
- ^ "レンズ用アクセサリー | Accessories".
- ^ "Fuji's New XM-FL is an X-Mount Body Cap Lens with Built-In Photo Filters". PetaPixel. 2015-02-06. Retrieved 2021-11-27.
- ^ Ding, Yuqiang; Luo, Zhenyi; Borjigin, Garimagai; Wu, Shin-Tson (2024). "Breaking the optical efficiency limit of virtual reality with a nonreciprocal polarization rotator". Opto-Electronic Advances. 7 (3): 230178–11. doi:10.29026/oea.2024.230178. ISSN 2096-4579.