Outline of Newfoundland and Labrador

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Newfoundland and Labrador.

Coat of arms of Newfoundland and Labrador

Newfoundland and Labrador – the most easterly province of Canada. It comprises the island of Newfoundland, mainland Labrador, and over 7,000 small islands. It is Canada's ninth-most populous province or territory and tenth-largest in total area. A former colony and dominion of the United Kingdom, Newfoundland gave up its independence in 1933 and became the tenth province to enter the Canadian Confederation in 1949. Its name was officially changed to Newfoundland and Labrador in 2001.

General reference

An enlargable map of Newfoundland and Labrador

Pronunciation: locally /ˌnjuːfənˈlænd ... ˈlæbrədɔːr/ NEW-fən-LAND ... LAB-rə-dor
Official English name: Newfoundland and Labrador
Official French name: Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador
Other names:
- Talamh an Éisc agus Labradar in Newfoundland Irish
- Ikkarumikluak ("place of many shoals" for Newfoundland) and Nunatsuak ("the big land" for Labrador) in Inuttitut
- Taqamkuk (Newfoundland) in Mi'kmaq
Nicknames:
- Labrador: The Big Land
- Newfoundland: The Rock
Common endonym(s):
Official endonym(s):
Adjectival(s): Newfoundland and Labrador
Demonym(s): Newfoundlander, Labradorian, Newfoundlanders and Labradorians, Newfie (colloquial, may be derisive)
Telephone area code 709

Geography

A relief map of Newfoundland and Labrador

Geography of Newfoundland and Labrador

Newfoundland and Labrador is: a province of Canada.
Canada is: a country
Population of Newfoundland and Labrador: 526,702 (2016 Statistics Canada)^[1]
Area of Newfoundland and Labrador: 405,212 km² (156,500 sq mi)
- 92.3% land
- 7.7% water
Atlas of Newfoundland and Labrador

Location

Newfoundland and Labrador is situated within the following regions:
- Northern Hemisphere, Western Hemisphere
  - Americas
    - North America
      - Northern America
        Laurentia
        Canada
        Eastern Canada
        Canadian Shield
        Labrador Peninsula
        
        Appalachian Mountains
        Island of Newfoundland
Time zones (see also Time in Canada):
- Newfoundland Time Zone (UTC−03.5) officially; Atlantic Time (UTC−04) commonly used for Labrador
  - Daylight saving time (DST) observed from the 2nd Sunday in March to the 1st Sunday in November
Extreme points of Newfoundland and Labrador
- Highest point of Newfoundland and Labrador
Landforms of Newfoundland and Labrador (category)

Environment

Köppen climate map of Newfoundland and Labrador

Sir Richard Squires Memorial Provincial Park

Torngat Mountains National Park

Witless Bay Ecological Reserve

Bishop's Mitre

Environment of Canada

Climate of Newfoundland and Labrador
Ecology of Newfoundland and Labrador
- Ecozones:
  - Marine ecozones:
    - Atlantic Marine Ecozone (south coast of Newfoundland)
    - Northwest Atlantic Marine Ecozone (coastal Labrador and north coast of Newfoundland)
  - Terrestrial ecozones:
    - Arctic Cordillera (northeastern Labrador Peninsula)
    - Boreal Shield Ecozone (western interior of Newfoundland)
      - Newfoundland Highland forests
    - Taiga Shield Ecozone (most of Labrador)
Geology of Newfoundland and Labrador
- Geology of Newfoundland and Labrador (category)
- List of dateable fossil discoveries in Newfoundland and Labrador
Protected areas of Newfoundland and Labrador
Wildlife of Canada in Newfoundland and Labrador
- List of flora of Newfoundland and Labrador
- List of fauna of Newfoundland and Labrador
  - Birds of Newfoundland and Labrador
  - Mammals of Newfoundland

Government and politics

The Confederation Building

Politics of Newfoundland and Labrador

Government branches

Government of Newfoundland and Labrador

Executive branch

Head of state: Queen in Right of Newfoundland and Labrador, Queen of Canada, Queen Elizabeth II
- Head of state's representative (Viceroy): Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador, Frank Fagan
  - Previous lieutenant governors
  - Head of government: Premier of Newfoundland and Labrador, Dwight Ball

Legislative branch

Parliament of Newfoundland and Labrador (unicameral): Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly

Judicial branch

Supreme Court of Newfoundland and Labrador, Trial Division entrance

Federal Courts of Canada
Canadian court of appeal: Newfoundland and Labrador Court of Appeal
Superior court: Supreme Court of Newfoundland and Labrador
- Supreme Court of Newfoundland and Labrador (Court of Appeal)
Provincial Court: Court of Newfoundland and Labrador
- The Civil Division
- The Criminal and Penal Division
- The Youth Division
Military court: Court Martial Appeal Court of Canada

Regional relations

Atlantic Provinces Economic Council
proposed Atlantic Union

International relations

Ireland Newfoundland Partnership

Law and order

Law of Newfoundland and Labrador

Bar of Newfoundland and Labrador – the provincial law society for lawyers in Newfoundland and Labrador
Capital punishment: none.
- Newfoundland and Labrador, as with all of Canada, does not have capital punishment.
- Canada eliminated the death penalty for murder on July 14, 1976.
Constitution of Newfoundland and Labrador
Criminal justice system of Newfoundland and Labrador
Crime in Newfoundland and Labrador (category)
- Organized crime in Newfoundland and Labrador
Human rights in Newfoundland and Labrador
- LGBT rights in Newfoundland and Labrador
  - Same-sex marriage in Newfoundland and Labrador
Law enforcement
- Royal Newfoundland Constabulary (urban areas such as St. John's, Corner brook and Labrador West)
- Local municipal police forces (where such exist)
- Royal Canadian Mounted Police (contracted to patrol the rest of the province)
Correctional services in Newfoundland and Labrador

Military

Canadian Forces (Being a part of Canada, Newfoundland and Labrador does not have its own military.)

Canadian Forces bases in Newfoundland and Labrador (category)

Local government

Local government in Newfoundland and Labrador

List of mayors of St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador

History

Cabot Tower in St. John's

History of Newfoundland and Labrador

History, by period

History of Newfoundland and Labrador by period (category)

History, by region

History, by subject

L'Anse aux Meadows on Newfoundland, site of a Norse colony

Abandoned colonies
- L'Anse aux Meadows, possibly Leifsbudir, c.1000
- South Falkland, f.1623
Disasters in Newfoundland and Labrador (category)
Economic history of Newfoundland and Labrador
- History of Fisheries of Newfoundland and Labrador
- History of the petroleum industry in Canada (frontier exploration and development)
Military history of Newfoundland and Labrador (category)
- Battle of Placentia (1692)
- Newfoundland Campaign (1744)

Culture

Heritage buildings on Duckworth Street, St. John's

The Rooms cultural facility

Culture of Newfoundland and Labrador (category)

Buildings and structures in Newfoundland and Labrador (category)
- Architecture of St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador
  - List of buildings in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador
  - List of tallest buildings in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador
Cuisine of Newfoundland and Labrador (category)
- Newfoundland Screech
- Restaurants in Newfoundland and Labrador (category)
Festivals in Newfoundland and Labrador (category)
Heritage Foundation of Newfoundland and Labrador
Mass media in Newfoundland and Labrador (category)
- Media in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador
Museums in Newfoundland and Labrador
Order of precedence in Newfoundland and Labrador
People from Newfoundland and Labrador (category)
Prostitution in Newfoundland and Labrador
Public holidays in Newfoundland and Labrador
- Memorial Day (Newfoundland and Labrador)
Public libraries in Newfoundland and Labrador
Provincial Archives of Newfoundland and Labrador
Regional culture in Newfoundland and Labrador (culture by region)
- (list)
Scouting and Guiding in Newfoundland and Labrador
Languages

Art

Religion

As of 2011, Christians (shown in blue) made up approximately 93% of the population of Newfoundland and Labrador.

Religion in Newfoundland and Labrador – largely Protestant, with non-Christian religions making up less than half a percent of the population^[2]

Christianity in Newfoundland and Labrador
- Anglicanism in Newfoundland and Labrador
- Roman Catholicism in Newfoundland and Labrador
Irreligion in Canada
Islam in Canada
- Masjid-an-Noor, Newfoundland
Hinduism in Canada
- St. John's Hindu Temple
Judaism in Newfoundland and Labrador
- Beth El Synagogue, Newfoundland
Buddhism in Canada
Sikhism in Canada

Sports

Sports in Newfoundland and Labrador

Symbols

Sarracenia purpurea, pitcher plant

Symbols of Newfoundland and Labrador

Coat of arms of Newfoundland and Labrador
Flag of Newfoundland and Labrador
Great Seal of Newfoundland and Labrador
Provincial flower: pitcher plant
Provincial bird: Atlantic puffin
Provincial tree: black spruce
Provincial animal: caribou
Provincial mineral: Labradorite
Provincial motto: Quaerite prime regnum Dei (Latin) – "Seek ye first the kingdom of God" (Matthew 6:33)
Provincial anthem: "Ode to Newfoundland"
Provincial capital: St. John's

Economy and infrastructure

Economy of Newfoundland and Labrador

Economic rank (by nominal GDP) – This ranking shows only the Rank of Canada, the country in which is located Newfoundland and Labrador
Agriculture in Newfoundland and Labrador
Fishing industry in Canada
- Cod fishing in Newfoundland
- Grand Banks
Hunting in Newfoundland
- Seal hunting
Forestry in Newfoundland and Labrador
Banking in Newfoundland and Labrador
Telecommunications in Newfoundland and Labrador
Companies in Newfoundland and Labrador (category)
Currency of Newfoundland and Labrador – as a province, Newfoundland and Labrador uses the currency of Canada.
Energy in Newfoundland and Labrador (category)
Health care in Newfoundland and Labrador
Mining in Newfoundland and Labrador (category)
- Central Mineral Belt, Labrador
- Mines in Newfoundland and Labrador (category)
Tourism in Canada § Newfoundland and Labrador
Water supply and sanitation in Newfoundland and Labrador
Research & Development Corporation Newfoundland and Labrador

Transport

King's Cove Head lighthouse in King's Cove

Transport in Newfoundland and Labrador (category)

Air transport in Newfoundland and Labrador
- Airlines of Newfoundland and Labrador
- Airports in Newfoundland and Labrador
Rail transport in Newfoundland and Labrador (category)
Road transport in Newfoundland and Labrador
- Vehicle registration plates of Newfoundland and Labrador
- Roads in Newfoundland and Labrador
  - Highways in Newfoundland and Labrador
    - Newfoundland and Labrador Route 1 – Trans-Canada Highway
    - Trans-Labrador Highway
- Bus transport in Newfoundland and Labrador (category)
- Public transport in Newfoundland and Labrador (category)
Water transport in Newfoundland and Labrador (category)
- Ferry transport in Newfoundland and Labrador (category)
- List of lighthouses in Newfoundland and Labrador

Education

Education in Newfoundland and Labrador (category)

Primary education in Newfoundland and Labrador
- School districts in Newfoundland and Labrador
  - Eastern School District of Newfoundland and Labrador
- Grade school in Newfoundland and Labrador
- High school in Newfoundland and Labrador
Higher education in Newfoundland and Labrador
- Public colleges in Newfoundland and Labrador
Museums in Newfoundland and Labrador

Largest cities

Largest cities or towns in Newfoundland and Labrador Statistics Canada^[1]
	Rank	Name	Census division	Pop.
St. John's	1	St. John's	1	108,860	Paradise
	2	Conception Bay South	1	26,199
	3	Mount Pearl	1	22,957
	4	Paradise	1	21,389
	5	Corner Brook	5	19,806
	6	Grand Falls-Windsor	6	14,171
	7	Gander	6	11,688
	8	Portugal Cove-St.Philip's	1	8,147
	9	Happy Valley-Goose Bay	10	8,109
	10	Torbay	1	7,899