Öndörkhaan (Mongolian: Өндөрхаан; ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷᠬᠠᠨ; sometimes Undurkhaan), is a town in Mongolia located 290 km east of Ulaanbaatar. On November 18, 2013, the city was renamed to Chinggis City in honor of Genghis Khan, who was born and possibly buried in the same province north of the city.[1] Öndörkhaan serves as the capital of the province Khentii Aimag.
Öndörkhaan
Өндөрхаан ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷᠬᠠᠨ | |
|---|---|
| Kherlen District Хэрлэн сум ᠬᠡᠷᠦᠯᠦᠨᠰᠤᠮᠤ | |
 In the Öndörkhaan Museum complex | |
  Öndörkhaan | |
| Coordinates: 47°19′N 110°39′E / 47.317°N 110.650°E | |
| Country | Mongolia |
| Province | Khentii Province |
| Area | |
• Total | 3,788 km2 (1,463 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 1,027 m (3,369 ft) |
| Population (2017) | |
• Total | 20,935 |
| • Density | 5.5/km2 (14/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC 8 (UTC 8) |
History
editOn 13 September 1971, Lin Biao died when a Hawker Siddeley Trident he was aboard crashed in Öndörkhaan.
Geography and climate
editGeography
editÖndörkhaan shares its location with the Kherlen sum (municipality) and is the most populous part of the Khentii province.
Climate
edit| Öndörkhaan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Climate chart (explanation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Öndörkhaan experiences a semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk) with long, dry, frigid winters and short, very warm summers. It borders the Kherlen River and is located on a broad flat unprotected plain. In winter, when the river freezes over and the winds howl across the open steppe it can easily reach −40 °C or −40 °F without the subtraction of wind chill.
| Climate data for Öndörkhaan (1991-2020, extremes 1936–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 0.0 (32.0) |
10.6 (51.1) |
22.6 (72.7) |
30.7 (87.3) |
35.8 (96.4) |
39.0 (102.2) |
41.0 (105.8) |
40.4 (104.7) |
34.0 (93.2) |
27.8 (82.0) |
14.7 (58.5) |
7.5 (45.5) |
41.0 (105.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −15.6 (3.9) |
−9.2 (15.4) |
1.2 (34.2) |
12.2 (54.0) |
20.1 (68.2) |
25.4 (77.7) |
27.2 (81.0) |
25.2 (77.4) |
19.4 (66.9) |
9.6 (49.3) |
−3.6 (25.5) |
−13.7 (7.3) |
8.2 (46.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −23.5 (−10.3) |
−18.4 (−1.1) |
−7.5 (18.5) |
3.7 (38.7) |
11.7 (53.1) |
17.8 (64.0) |
20.3 (68.5) |
17.9 (64.2) |
11.1 (52.0) |
1.1 (34.0) |
−11.5 (11.3) |
−20.8 (−5.4) |
0.2 (32.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −29.5 (−21.1) |
−26.0 (−14.8) |
−15.6 (3.9) |
−4.5 (23.9) |
3.0 (37.4) |
10.1 (50.2) |
13.8 (56.8) |
11.1 (52.0) |
3.3 (37.9) |
−6.0 (21.2) |
−17.9 (−0.2) |
−26.6 (−15.9) |
−7.1 (19.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −44.3 (−47.7) |
−42.2 (−44.0) |
−38.9 (−38.0) |
−23.9 (−11.0) |
−12.8 (9.0) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
1.4 (34.5) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
−10.2 (13.6) |
−25.8 (−14.4) |
−38.4 (−37.1) |
−43 (−45) |
−44.3 (−47.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 2 (0.1) |
2 (0.1) |
3 (0.1) |
6 (0.2) |
18 (0.7) |
44 (1.7) |
63 (2.5) |
57 (2.2) |
24 (0.9) |
9 (0.4) |
4 (0.2) |
3 (0.1) |
235 (9.2) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 3.4 | 6.2 | 8.4 | 7.5 | 4.1 | 2.5 | 2.1 | 1.4 | 41.9 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 73.7 | 69.8 | 57.0 | 40.3 | 38.9 | 48.7 | 58.9 | 61.2 | 55.5 | 56.0 | 66.1 | 74.0 | 58.3 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 6.2 | 7.5 | 8.5 | 8.9 | 9.7 | 9.8 | 9.1 | 9.0 | 8.7 | 7.7 | 6.5 | 5.6 | 8.1 |
| Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net [2] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: NOAA,[3] Deutscher Wetterdienst (daily sun)[4] | |||||||||||||
Economy
editCoal mining is important to the economy of the town and Chandgana Tal coalfield is located 53 km W from Öndörkhaan.
There exists a major United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Networking and Cluster Development project stationed in Öndörkhaan specializing in the strengthen of urban, peri-urban and rural business associations and networks so as to reduce the very high unemployment rates.
Transportation
editThe Öndörkhaan Airport (UNR/ZMUH) has one unpaved runway and was serviced by regular flights from and to Ulaanbaatar, before the paved highway was completed.
The town serves as a transportation hub, linking Ulaanbaatar and Choibalsan.
Sister city
edit
Hailar District, China.[5]
See also
editReferences
edit
- ^ Mongolia Info
- ^ a b КЛИМАТ УНДЕРХААНА (in Russian). Pogoda.ru.net. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
- ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020". World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 17 July 2021. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
- ^ "Klimatafel von Underkhaan (Öndör-Chan) / Mongolei" (PDF). Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure. Retrieved 17 September 2016.
- ^ "海拉尔区和成吉思市缔结友好城市". 呼伦贝尔市人民政府外事办公室. 自治区外事办. Retrieved 19 October 2018.