Neottieae is an orchid tribe in the subfamily Epidendroideae. It contains six genera and over 200 species distributed mainly in temperate and subtropical zones of the northern hemisphere.[2][3] All its members are terrestrial plants, hinting at an early branching with Epidendroideae which is largely an epiphytic group.[4] Neottieae is likely to be the result of a single temperate radiation of epidendroids, although it appears that some lineages in this tribe have crept back into the tropics.[5]
| Neottieae | |
|---|---|
| |
| Neottia nidus-avis | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Epidendroideae |
| Tribe: | Neottieae Lindl. (1826) Orchid. Select. 7, 9 (1826) |
| Genera[1] | |
| Synonyms | |
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The genus Thaia had been tentatively included in this tribe, but is now placed in the tribe Thaieae.[1] Palmorchis is sister to the other genera and was moved here from Palmorchideae based on molecular evidence. It is the only group in this tribe that occurs in Central and South America and is morphologically isolated.[3]
Etymology
editThe name of this tribe was taken from one of its genera: Neottia Guett. (1754). This name refers to the particular shape of the tangled mass of roots of plants in this genus, forming what looks like a bird's “nest”. In Greek "neottia" means "nest".[6] The name Neottia was introduced in the botanical nomenclature by the French naturalist and geologist Jean-Étienne Guettard (1715 - 1786) in 1754; while the name for the tribe was proposed by the English botanist John Lindley (1799 - 1865) in the publication "Orchidearum Sceletos" of 1826.[7]
Description
editPlants of this tribe are terrestrial orchids with approximately 85 temperate species.[5] In addition, some of these plants are mycoheterotrophic, i.e. no longer reliant on chlorophyll (genus Neottia and Limodorum). Mycoheterotrophy is common and has independently evolved at least three times in this group.[3]
The height varies from a few centimeters up to about 100 cm (genus Epipactis). The prevalent biological form of the tribe is rhizome geophyte, they are herbaceous perennials with underground buds. The temperate species remain dormant underground when conditions are too cold.
See also
editReferences
edit
- ^ a b Chase, Mark W.; Cameron, Kenneth M.; Freudenstein, John V.; Pridgeon, Alec M.; Salazar, Gerardo; van den Berg, Cássio; Schuiteman, André (2015). "An updated classification of Orchidaceae". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 177 (2): 151–174. doi:10.1111/boj.12234. ISSN 0024-4074.
- ^ Chase, M.W.; Cameron, K.M.; Freudenstein, J.V.; Pridgeon, A.M.; Salazar, G.; Van Den Berg, C.; Schuiteman, A. (2015). "An updated classification of Orchidaceae". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 177 (2): 151–174. doi:10.1111/boj.12234.
- ^ a b c Zhou, Ting; Jin, Xiao-Hua (2018). "Molecular systematics and the evolution of mycoheterotrophy of tribe Neottieae (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae)". PhytoKeys. 94: 39–49. doi:10.3897/phytokeys.94.21346. PMC 5799734. PMID 29416419. Retrieved 2 May 2021.
- ^ Atwood, J.T. (1986). "The size of the Orchidaceae and the systematic distribution of epiphytic orchids". Selbyana. 9 (1): 171–186.
- ^ a b Freudenstein, John V.; Chase, Mark W. (March 2015). "Phylogenetic relationships in Epidendroideae (Orchidaceae), one of the great flowering plant radiations: progressive specialization and diversification". Annals of Botany. 115 (4): 665–681. doi:10.1093/aob/mcu253. PMC 4343289.
- ^ Alrich, Peggy; Higgins, Wesley. "Neottia: A Widespread Northern Genus". AOS (April 2016): 257. Retrieved 2 May 2021.
- ^ "Neottieae Lindl". Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 2 May 2021.
- Content in this page translated from the existing Italian Wikipedia article at it:Neottieae.
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