Mirza Muhammad Murad Bakhsh (9 October 1624 – 14 December 1661)[2] was a Mughal prince and the youngest surviving son of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan and Empress Mumtaz Mahal.[3] He was the Subahdar of Balkh, till he was replaced by his elder brother Aurangzeb in the year 1647.
Muhammad Murad Bakhsh was born on 9 October 1624, at the Rohtasgarh Fort in Bihar, as the sixth and youngest surviving son of Emperor Shah Jahan and his wife, Mumtaz Mahal.[citation needed] Murad's siblings included his two politically powerful sisters, the princesses Jahanara Begum and Roshanara Begum, as well as the heir-apparent to his father, his eldest brother, Crown Prince Dara Shikoh and the future Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb.[citation needed]
In 1638, Murad Bakhsh, at the age of fourteen years, married the Safavid princess, Sakina Banu Begum, daughter of Shah Nawaz Khan Safavi. She was the younger sister of his elder sister-in-law, Dilras Banu Begum, who was Aurangzeb's wife.[4]
He was appointed as the Subadar of Multan (1642), of Balkh (16 February 1646 to 9 August 1646), of Kashmir (20 August 1647 to July 1648), of Deccan (25 July 1648 to 14 September 1649), and Kabul (23 January 1650 to 1654), of Gujarat (March 1654), and Malwa.[5]
Muhammad Allahauddin Shaikh – Died 1655. He was brother of Rustam Shaikh.
Miah Khan – Died 1653, Deccan.
Rajkumar Hariram Singh – 1622–1678(56), The Deputy of Murad Baksh from 1646 to 1651. He was second son of Raja Gaj Singh of Nagpur and the brother of Raja Amar Singh of Nagpur
Portrait of Murad Bakhsh by Balchand.Rajkumar Veer Singh – 1636–1680(44), Eldest son of Amar Singh of Nagpur.
On 30 November 1657, he proclaimed himself emperor at Ahmedabad, after reports that his father was ill. During the same year, he received the Ottoman ambassador Manzada Husain Agha, who arrived in the port of Surat and was on his way to meet Shah Jahan in Agra. Manzar Hussain Agha mentions his disappointment regarding the wars between Shah Jahan's sons.[6]
Murad Bakhsh joined hands with Aurangzeb to defeat Dara Shikhoh, the eldest son of Shah Jahan. In fact, it was the ferocious charge led by Murad Bakhsh and his Sowars that eventually turned the outcome of the battle in favor of Aurangzeb during the Battle of Samugarh.[citation needed]
On 7 July 1658, while he was in a tent with his brother Aurangzeb, he was intoxicated, secretly sent to the prison and transferred to Gwalior Fort from January 1659.[7]
He faced a trial that sentenced him to death for having murdered former Diwan clerk named Ali Naqi, in 1661. Aurangzeb then replaced Murad Bakhsh as the Subedar of Gujarat, and placed Inayat Khan as the new Mughal commander of Surat.[8]
On 14 December 1661, after spending three years in prison, he was executed at Gwalior Fort.[9][10] With the last of his brothers now dead, Aurangzeb was the undisputed emperor of the Mughal Empire.[citation needed]
^Waldemar, Hansen (1986). The Peacock Throne: The Drama of Mogul India. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 124.
^"Peshawar, Pakistan, 1980", Crossing the River Kabul, Potomac Books, pp. 153–155, doi:10.2307/j.ctt1p6jhvp.50, retrieved 24 December 2023153-155&rft_id=info:doi/10.2307/j.ctt1p6jhvp.50&rft_id=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1p6jhvp.50&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Murad Bakhsh" class="Z3988">
^Flores, Jorge; Subrahmanyam, Sanjay (2004). "The Shadow Sultan: Succession and Imposture in the Mughal Empire, 1628-1640". Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 47 (1): 80–121. doi:10.1163/156852004323069402. ISSN0022-4995. JSTOR25165022.80-121&rft.date=2004&rft.issn=0022-4995&rft_id=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25165022#id-name=JSTOR&rft_id=info:doi/10.1163/156852004323069402&rft.aulast=Flores&rft.aufirst=Jorge&rft.au=Subrahmanyam, Sanjay&rft_id=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25165022&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Murad Bakhsh" class="Z3988">
^The Rediscovery of India: A New Subcontinent – Ansar Hussain Khan
^ abSarker, Kobita (2007). Shah Jahan and his paradise on earth: the story of Shah Jahan's creations in Agra and Shahjahanabad in the golden days of the Mughals. p. 187.
^ abMehta, J.l. (1986). Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India. p. 418.
^ abThackeray, Frank W.; Findling, John E. (2012). Events That Formed the Modern World. p. 254.
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