The military courts of Thailand (Thai: ศาลทหาร; RTGS: san thahan) are judicial bodies with criminal jurisdiction over members of the Royal Thai Armed Forces and sometimes also over civilians as may be assigned by law,[1] as was the case from 25 May 2014 until 12 September 2016 following the 2014 Thai coup d'état.[2][3][4]
Unlike other courts in the judicial system of Thailand, military courts are subject to the Ministry of Defence and are operated by the military's Judge Advocate General's Department.[1]
Procedure
editThe current procedural law governing the military courts is the Military Court Organisation Act 1955 (Thai: พระราชบัญญัติธรรมนูญศาลทหาร พ.ศ. ๒๔๙๘).[1] The act allows the Judge Advocate General of Thailand (Thai: เจ้ากรมพระธรรมนูญ) to establish court regulations.[5] In wartime or during the imposition of martial law, military courts may adopt special procedures.[1]
Judges
editMilitary court judges (Thai: ตุลาการ) are serving military officers of two types: "general judges" (Thai: ตุลาการปรกติ) and "judge-advocates" (Thai: ตุลาการพระธรรมนูญ).[1] General judges are officers for whom legal training is not a prerequisite. Judge-advocates are trained and accredited in the law.[1]
Structure
editAccording to the Military Court Organisation Act 1955, military courts consist of three tiers: courts of first (trial court), second (appellate court), and third instance (final court of appeal).[1]
| Name | Quorum | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Military courts of first instance | ||
| Military province courts (Thai: ศาลจังหวัดทหาร) |
|
|
| Military prefecture courts (Thai: ศาลมณฑลทหาร) |
| |
| Bangkok Military Court (Thai: ศาลทหารกรุงเทพ) | Invested with unlimited jurisdiction | |
| Military unit courts (Thai: ศาลประจำหน่วยทหาร) | Established within a military body of no fewer than 1,000 members outside Thailand | |
| Military courts of second instance | ||
| Central Military Court (Thai: ศาลทหารกลาง) |
|
|
| Military courts of last resort | ||
| Supreme Military Court (Thai: ศาลทหารสูงสุด) |
|
|
The act permits the establishment of special military courts, known as war crime courts (Thai: ศาลอาญาศึก), in time of war or during periods of martial law.[5]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d e f g "รู้จักศาลทหาร และข้อสังเกตเรื่องเขตอำนาจ". iLaw (in Thai). Bangkok. 2014-05-28. Retrieved 2018-07-07.
- ^ "Military Court in Thailand under NCPO regime". iLaw Freedom of Expression Documentation Center. iLaw. 2015-10-29. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
- ^ Audjarint, Wasamon (2016-09-19). "'No justice in military courts'". The Nation. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
- ^ "Thailand: No New Military Trials of Civilians". Human Rights Watch. 2016-09-13. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
- ^ a b admin (2014-05-29). "ศาลทหารคืออะไร ? ข้อควรรู้เกี่ยวกับศาลทหาร". news.mthai.com (in Thai). Bangkok: MThai.com. Retrieved 2018-07-07.