Mary Matsuda Gruenewald (née Matsuda; January 23, 1925 – February 11, 2021) was an American writer. She is best known for her autobiographical novel Looking Like the Enemy: My Story of Imprisonment in Japanese American Internment Camps, which details her own experiences as a Japanese American in World War II internment camps.[1]
Mary Matsuda Gruenewald | |
|---|---|
| Born | Mary Matsuda January 23, 1925 Vashon Island, Washington, U.S. |
| Died | February 11, 2021 (aged 96) Seattle, Washington, U.S. |
| Alma mater | Vashon Island High School |
| Notable works | Looking Like the Enemy: My Story of Imprisonment in Japanese American Internment Camps |
| Spouse | Charles Gruenewald (m. 1951) |
Biography
editEarly life
editMary Matsuda was born in 1925 in Vashon Island, Washington to Heisuke and Mitsuno (neé Horie) Matsuda, Japanese immigrants and farmers.[2] She and her brother, Yoneichi, grew up in the small community of Vashon Island under idyllic circumstances. Her family owned a strawberry farm and attended a local Methodist congregation.
Internment experience
editUpon learning about the Attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941, her family destroyed their Japanese possessions.[3] In May 1942, following the signing of Executive Order 9066, she and her family were forced from their home and placed in a series of camps, starting with Pinedale Assembly Center and progressing through Tule Lake and Heart Mountain. She graduated from high school during camp. In September 1944, after transferring her parents to Minidoka to be closer to friends from Washington state, she left to join the Cadet Nurse Corps in Clinton, Iowa.[3][4]
Postwar life
editAfter the war, Gruenewald lived in Seattle and worked in the nursing field. She met and married Charles Gruenewald, a minister, in 1951.[5] By 1970, she had become the nurse manager of the Emergency Room of the Group Health Cooperative Hospital in Seattle.[6]
During the post-war years, she was initially reticent to discuss or write stories about her wartime experiences.[3] However, in 1999, she decided to write down her experiences, primarily so that her children would know the details of her experience.[7] These were published in 2005 as Looking Like the Enemy: My Story of Imprisonment in Japanese American Internment Camps. Gruenewald was 80 years old at the time.[3]
Later years
editIn 2017, she received a diploma from Vashon Island High School, which she had attended prior to being interned.[1]
Death
editGruenewald died from non-COVID related pneumonia on February 11, 2021, aged 96.[8][6]
List of works
edit- Looking Like the Enemy: My Story of Imprisonment in Japanese American Internment Camps (2005)
- Becoming Mama-San: 80 Years of Wisdom (2012)
References
edit- ^ a b Koenig, Ravenna (June 25, 2017). "Graduating High School At 92". NPR. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
- ^ "1930 United States Federal Census, Burton, King, Washington, page 4B, Enumeration District 0252, Matsuda Family". Ancestry.com. Retrieved 2020-08-28.
- ^ a b c d Niiya, Brian. "Looking Like the Enemy: My Story of Imprisonment in Japanese-American Internment Camps (book)". Densho. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
- ^ "U.S., World War II Cadet Nursing Corps Card Files, 1942-1948 , Mary Matsuda". Ancestry.com. Retrieved 2020-08-28.
- ^ "Mary Matsuda Gruenewald graduates from her high school – 74 years later". Christian Science Monitor. July 11, 2017. Retrieved May 18, 2020.
- ^ a b Shepherd, Elizabeth (February 25, 2021), "Mary Matsuda Gruenewald, Lauded Author and Nurse, Dies at 96", Vashon-Maury Island Beachcomber, retrieved January 9, 2024
- ^ Broom, Jack (February 14, 2012). "Carrying the pain for 70 years: Japanese Americans' internment". Seattle Times. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
- ^ Bayang, Ruth (March 4, 2021). "Mary Matsuda Gruenewald: Author, health care pioneer dies". NW Asian Weekly. Retrieved March 7, 2021.