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Malek Jahan Khanom (Persian: ملکجهان خانم; 26 February 1805 – 2 April 1873) was the wife of Mohammad Shah Qajar and the mother of Naser al-Din Shah.[1] She was the de facto regent of Iran for one month, from 5 September until 5 October in 1848, between the death of her husband and the accession of her son.
| Malek Jahan Khanom | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mahd-e Olia | |||||
 | |||||
| Regent of Iran | |||||
| Regency | 5 September – 5 October 1848 | ||||
| Predecessor | Mohammad Shah Qajar | ||||
| Successor | Naser al-Din Shah Qajar | ||||
| Premier | Haji Mirza Aqasi | ||||
| Queen consort of Iran | |||||
| Tenure | 23 October 1834 – 5 September 1848 | ||||
| Born | Malek Jahan Khanom Qajar Qovanlou Amirsoleimani 26 February 1805 Tehran, Sublime State of Iran | ||||
| Died | 2 April 1873 (aged 68) Tehran, Sublime State of Iran | ||||
| Spouse | Mohammad Shah Qajar | ||||
| Issue |
| ||||
| |||||
| House | Amirsoleimani | ||||
| Dynasty | Qajar dynasty | ||||
| Father | Amir Mohammad Ghassem Khan Qajar Qovanlou Amirsoleimani | ||||
| Mother | Princess Begom Jan Khanom Qajar | ||||
| Religion | Shia Islam | ||||
Life
editEarly life
editMalek Jahan Khanom was an Iranian princess of the Qajar dynasty by both birth and marriage. By birth, being the daughter of Amir Mohammad Qassem Khan Qajar Qovanlou Amirsoleimani 'Amir Kabir' and Princess Begom Jan Khanom Qajar, she was the granddaughter of Fath-Ali Shah Qajar. Her paternal grandfather was the powerful Qajar commander Amir Soleyman Khan Qajar Qovanlou 'Amir Kabir' 'Nezam od-Doleh' 'Etezad od-Doleh' and her paternal grandmother was a princess of the Zand dynasty. She was the aunt of Prince Majd ed-Dowleh Qajar-Qovanlu Amirsoleimani and great-aunt of Malake Turan Amirsoleimani.[2]
Marriage
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She was married at a young age to her cousin, Mohammad Shah (reign 1834–1848).[3] Her husband married about fifteen women during his lifetime, but she was one of his earliest wives. She held prestige within the harem for several reasons: because of her seniority among the Shah's wives; because she was a member of the family by birth and therefore well-networked and well-versed in their ways; because she bore her husband as many as five children (two of whom reached adulthood) and most of all because she was the mother of the crown prince.
Her only surviving son, Naser al-Din Shah, would succeed his father to the Iranian throne.[3] Her title Mehd-i-aulia or Mehd-e-olia means "Sublime Cradle" and this title was generally bestowed on the mother of the heir apparent.[3]
Widowhood
editAs widow, she was the de facto regent of Iran for one month, from 5 September until 5 October in 1848, between the death of her husband and the accession to the throne of her son.
As queen mother, she exerted considerable political influence during the reign of her son from 1848 until her death in 1873.[3] She is described as a strong personality and politically gifted.[3] Strongly rooted in family and clan networks, she tended to favour and support the Qajar nobility rather than merited commoners, partly also perhaps because members of the Qajar family and clan had much better access to her as compared to outsiders.[3]
References
edit- ^ "مادر ناصرالدین شاه / عکس" [Nasser al-Din Shah's mother / Photo]. jomhouriat.ir (in Persian). پایگاه خبری تحلیلی جمهوریت Republic Analytical News Base. 2014-08-24. Archived from the original on 2015-07-06.
- ^ Barjesteh van Waalwijk van Doorn, Leonardus Alexander Ferydoun (2011). "Genealogy of the Qajar Qovanlou Family: a First Draft, Qajar Studies X-XI". Journal of the International Qajar Studies Association. Rotterdam/Santa Barbara/Tehran: 197–259. ISSN 1572-0993.
- ^ a b c d e f "Iran Heads of State". Worldwide Guide To Women in Leadership. Retrieved 3 February 2017.
External links
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Media related to Mahd-e Olia at Wikimedia Commons
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