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University of Lucknow

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University of Lucknow (informally known as Lucknow University, and LU) is a public state university based in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. LU's main campus is located at Badshah Bagh,[4] University Road area of the city with a second campus at Jankipuram. It is the largest state university of Uttar Pradesh. It is also the only public university of the state to offer both on-campus and online programmes of study.

University of Lucknow
लखनऊ विश्वविद्यालय
Seal
Former name
Canning College[1]
MottoIAST: [वंशस्याग्रे ध्वजो यथा] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help)
Motto in English
Light and Learning
TypePublic
Established25 November 1920; 104 years ago (25 November 1920)
FounderMohammad Ali Mohammad Khan
AccreditationNAAC
Academic affiliations
Budget₹137 crore (US$16 million)
ChancellorGovernor of Uttar Pradesh
Vice-ChancellorAlok Kumar Rai[2]
Students20,472[3]
Undergraduates10,776[3]
Postgraduates6,280[3]
Location
Lucknow
,
Uttar Pradesh
,
India

26°50′48″N 80°56′46″E / 26.8467°N 80.9462°E / 26.8467; 80.9462
CampusUrban, Old Campus 225 acres (91 ha), New Campus 75 acres (30 ha)
Language
  • Hindi
  • English
  • Urdu
  • Awadhi
Colors  Red   Gold   Blue
Websitewww.lkouniv.ac.in
University of Lucknow is located in Uttar Pradesh
University of Lucknow
Location in Uttar Pradesh

LU is a teaching, residential and affiliating university, organized into 556 colleges and 17 institutes, located throughout the city and other surrounding areas. The University has jurisdiction over colleges in five districts: Lucknow, Raebareli, Hardoi, Sitapur and Lakhimpur Kheri.[5][better source needed] The university is opening a third campus in Sitapur district where vocational and skill development courses will be offered.[6]

The University of Lucknow is the only state university of Uttar Pradesh to be awarded "Category-I" university status by the UGC for excellence in teaching and research. It is also the first public university in the State of Uttar Pradesh to be accredited with A status by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council.[7][8]

History

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The British, during the colonial period, transformed the Indian educational system, transitioning Indian education from the traditional Gurukul system to schools, colleges, and universities. Educational institutions established during the colonial period are still operational today,[9] and Lucknow University is one of them.

In the summer of 1862, the first Viceroy of British India, Charles John Canning, breathed his last in London. For his loyalty during the Indian Rebellion of 1857, commonly referred to as the Mutiny, he was rewarded with a taluk (subdivision of a district). In his posthumous memory, a group of his loyal talukdars in Awadh decided to donate eight annas (half a rupee) from their annual income to start an educational institution. Just two years later, in 1864, Canning High School[10] was established, starting with 200 students in two rooms of a mansion in the narrow lanes of Khayaliganj, Aminabad.

Canning College,[11] founded in the late 19th century, played a crucial role in strengthening the relationship between the local aristocracy, known as talukdars, and the British administration in Oudh (now Uttar Pradesh). The idea for the college was first proposed by Maharaja Man Singh in 1882 as a tribute to the late Lord Canning, the former Viceroy of India. Conceived as a memorial, it was envisioned as the first institution of its kind in the region, with a mission to educate the youth, enhance the nation's resources, and combat ignorance through knowledge. The college was named after Lord Canning, who served as Governor-General from 1856 to 1862.

Lucknow University traces its origins to Canning College, which was established in 1864 as a prominent educational institution in Lucknow. Initially supported by the talukdars (local landowners), the college emerged as a significant center of learning in India. The land for the college was part of the 700-hectare Awadh Estates granted to Raja Sir Randhir Singh of Kapurthala by the British after the 1857 rebellion.

 
The Canning College stamp card highlights its role in Lucknow's educational heritage, established in 1864.

In the early days, Canning College had no building of its own and led a peripatetic existence, with the scene of its activity periodically changing as one building or another proved unsuitable or insufficient. During the first twelve years, the College shifted from its original abode, the Aminuddaulah Palace, to several places, including the Lal Baradari.[12] Eventually, it was housed in its own building at Kaisar Bagh,[13] which is now known as the Rai Umanath Bali Auditorium and Bhatkhande Sanskriti Vishwavidyalaya (formerly the Bhatkhande Music Institute), is situated there.

 
Bhatkhande Sanskriti Vishwavidyalaya, previously Bhatkhande Music Institute, is located in Kaisar Bagh.

However, the growing demand for additional space prompted another relocation. The provincial government came to its aid and agreed to sell the Provincial Museum building to the College for Rs. 2,10,000.The high school was reorganized as Canning College in 1866. The foundation stone for a new building was laid by Viceroy Sir John Lawrence on 13 November1867, but construction was not completed until 1878. On 15 November of that year, Sir George Couper, Lieutenant-Governor of the North Western Provinces and Chief Commissioner of Oudh, formally opened the new building. For well over three decades, Canning College remained in the Kaisar Bagh building, but the site was scarcely suitable for a large residential institution.

 
A photograph depicting a class at Canning College, Lucknow, taken in 1871 from the Archaeological Survey of India Collections: India Office Series (Volume 46).

Consequently, the College Management sought a more spacious site, and the provincial government agreed to purchase the college building for Rs. 2,10,000 to house the Provincial Museum (now known as the State Museum, Lucknow).

Canning College[14] continued to function as a recognized institution under the University of Calcutta for 20 years, from 1867 until it came under the jurisdiction of the University of Allahabad in 1888.

In 1905, the Government handed over to Canning College the extensive walled garden of about 90 acres located north of the river Gomti, known as Badshah Bagh.[4] This garden was originally a garden house of the glorious Nasir-ud-din Haider,[15] Padshah-e-Awadh, the second King of Awadh (1827-1837). After the pacification of Awadh, it became the Lucknow residence of the Maharaja of Kapurthala, who had purchased Badshah Bagh from the British government at an auction for a nominal price of Rs. 35,000 after the Mutiny (freedom struggle). The Maharaja later leased 90 acres of the garden land to Canning College for just ₹3 as annual rent. Some remains in the garden, such as the old royal building Lal Baradari, the tall and beautiful gates, and the canal, remind us of its historicity.

 
The Lal Baradari is a historic architectural gem in Lucknow University, showcasing Indo-Islamic style.

GN Chakravarti,[16] Pro-Vice-Chancellor of Banaras Hindu University, was appointed the first Vice-Chancellor of Lucknow University on 16 December 1920. The first academic session began in July 1921, and the first convocation was held in October 1922.

"The Temple of learning, the foundation of which we have laid, should draw teachers from all parts of the world inspired by the sacred mission of bringing wisdom where there is ignorance, light where there is darkness, and peace where there is strife. This was the old ideal of the university and must ever remain the true ideal of a living University." — Gyanendra Nath Chakravarty, First Vice-Chancellor of Lucknow University, during his speech on the passing of the Lucknow University Act in 1920, in the Legislative Council.

The implementation of the new building scheme was made possible due to a special grant from the Government, proceeds from the sale of the old building at Kaiserbagh, and the munificence of Maharaja Sir Bhagwati Singh of Balrampur.[17] The construction plans were entrusted to the well-known architect Sir Swinton Jacob, who prepared an impressive design in the Indo-Saracenic style.

The idea of starting a University at Lucknow was first put forward by Raja Sir Mohammad Ali Mohammad Khan, Khan Bahadur, K.C.I.E. of Mahmudabad, who contributed an article to the columns of "The Pioneer", urging the foundation of a University at Lucknow. A little later Sir Harcourt Butler, K.C.S.I., K.C.I.E, was appointed Lieutenant-Governor of the United Provinces. The first step to bring the University into being was taken when a General Committee of educationists and persons interested in university education appointed for the purpose, met in conference at Government House, Lucknow, on 10 November 1919.

 
"Raja Mahmudabad (seated, center) with leaders of the Aligarh Movement."

At this meeting Sir Harcourt Butler, who was in the chair, outlined the proposed scheme for the new university. A discussion followed, and it was resolved that Lucknow University should be a Unitary, Teaching, and Residential University of the kind recommended by the Calcutta University Mission, 1919, and should consist of Faculties of Arts, including Oriental Studies,[18] Science, Medicine, Law, etc. A number of other resolutions was also passed and six sub-committees were formed, five of them to consider questions connected with the University and one to consider the arrangements for providing Intermediate Education. These sub-committees met during the months of November and December 1919, and January 1920; and the reports of their meetings were laid before a second Conference of the General Committee at Lucknow on 26 January 1920; their proceedings were considered and discussed, and the reports of five of the sub-committees were, subject to certain amendments, confirmed. The question of incorporation of the Medical College in the University, however, was for the time being left open for expression of opinion. At the close of the Conference donations of one lakh each from the Raja of Mahmudabad and Jahangirabad were announced.

The resolutions of the first Conference together with the recommendations of the sub-committees as confirmed at the second Conference were laid before a meeting of the Allahabad University on 12 March 1920, and it was decided to appoint a sub-committee to consider them and report to the Senate. The report of the sub-committee was considered at an extraordinary meeting of the Senate on 7 August 1920, at which the Chancellor presided, and the scheme was generally approved. In the meantime the difficulty of incorporating the Medical College in the University had been removed. During the month of April 1920, Mr. C.F. de la Fosse, the then Director of Public Instruction, United Provinces, drew up a Draft Bill for the establishment of the Lucknow University which was introduced in the Legislative Council on 12 August 1920. It was then referred to a Select Committee which suggested a number of amendments, the most important being the liberalising of the constitution of the various University bodies and the inclusion of a Faculty of Commerce; this Bill, in an amended form, was passed by the Council on 8 October 1920. The Lucknow University Act, No. V of 1920, received the assent of the Lieutenant-Governor on 1 November and the Governor-General on 25 November 1920, establishing the University of Lucknow. Following this, the Canning College was merged into the University, integrating its resources and legacy into the broader educational framework.

The Court of the University was constituted in March 1921, with the first meeting held on 21 March 1921, presided over by the Chancellor. The other university authorities, including the Executive Council, Academic Council, and various faculties, were established in August and September 1921. Statutory and non-statutory committees and boards were formed over time.

On 17 July 1921, the University began formal and informal teaching, with classes in the Faculties of Arts, Science, Commerce, and Law conducted at Canning College and those for the Faculty of Medicine held at King George's Medical College and Hospital . The Canning College was officially handed over to the University on 1 July 1922, although its facilities had been made available to the University for teaching and residence before this date. Additionally, the King George's Medical College and Hospital were transferred to the University on 1 March 1921.

The development of the University occurred in stages, with the following three colleges providing the foundational structure and support:

  1. King George's Medical College (now King George's Medical University)
  2. Canning College
  3. Isabella Thoburn College
     
    The 2012 stamp honors Isabella Thoburn College, a historic institution empowering women in education.

The Lucknow University Act, 1920, was later repealed by the Uttar Pradesh State Universities Act, 1973,[19] which redefined the governance and administration of universities in the state. The Canning College Act, 1922[20] (Uttar Pradesh Act No. 7 of 1922) also played a role in this educational evolution.

Vice-chancellors of University of Lucknow

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The vice-chancellors[21] of University of Lucknow are as follows:

# Name Photo Took office Left office Ref
1 Dr. Gyanendra Nath Chakraborty   1920 1926
2 Dr. M. B. Cameron 1926 1930
3 Pt. Jagat Narain Mulla 1930 1932
4 Dr. R. P. Paranjape   1932 1938
5 S. M. Habibullah 1938 1941
6 Raja Maharaj Singh   1941 1941
7 Lt. Col. Raja Visheshwar Dayal Seth 1941 1947
8 Narendra Deva   1947 1951
9 Acharya Jugal Kishore 1951 1955
10 Radhakamal Mukerjee 1955 1958
11 K. A. Subramanian Iyer 1958 1960 [22]
12 Kali Prasad 1960 1961 [23]
13 Randhir Singh 1961 1961
14 Dr. A. Vitthal Rao 1961 1968 [24]
15 Dr. Makund Behari Lal 1968 1971
16 Dr. Gopal Tripathi 1971 1973
17 Ashok Kumar Mustafi 1973 1975
18 Dr. Rajendra Vir Singh 1975 1979
19 Dr. Girija Shankar Mishra 1978 1979
20 Dr. Girija Prasad Pandey 1976 1976
21 Dr. Radha Prasad Agarwal 1981 1982
(20) Dr. Girija Prasad Pandey 1981 1981
22 Dr. Ratan Shankar Mishra 1982 1985
23 Dr. Shambhu Nath Jha 1985 1986
24 Dr. Sheetla Prasad Nagendra 1986 1989
25 Dr. Hari Krishna Awasthi 1989 1992
26 Mahendra Singh Sodha 1992 1995
27 Suraj Prasad Singh 1995 1997
28 Ramesh Chandra 1997 1998
29 K. K. Kaul 1998 1998 [25]
30 Roop Rekha Verma 1998 1999
31 Devendra Pratap Singh 1999 2002
32 Shiv Bahadur Singh 2002 2005
33 Ram Prakash Singh 2005 2008 [26]
34 Ajaib Singh Brar 2008 2009
35 Upendra Nath Dwivedi 2009 2009
36 Manoj Kumar Mishra 2009 2012 [27][28]
37 Gopabandhu Patnaik 2012 2013 [29]
38 S. B. Nimse 2013 2016
39 S. P. Singh 2016 2019
40 Alok Kumar Rai 2019 Incumbent [30][31]

Campus

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University of Lucknow, founded in 1920.
 
Old Campus Of Lucknow University

In the early days, the Canning College had no building of its own, and the scene of its activity periodically changed as one or other building proved unsuitable or insufficient. During the first twelve years, the college was shifted from its original location, the Aminuddaulah Palace, to a number of places, one after another, including the Lal Baradari. At last, it was housed in its own building at Kaisar Bagh. The foundation stone of this new building was laid by the Viceroy, Sir John Lawrence, as far back as 13 November 1867, but the work of construction was not completed until 1878. On 15 November of that year, Sir George Couper, Lt. Commissioner of Avadh, formally opened the new building.

The University has three main libraries, apart from each department having its own. The Central Library of the university known as the Tagore Library, established in 1941, is one of the richest libraries in the country. It was designed by Sir Walter Burley Griffin, the designer of Australian capital city of Canberra.[32] It has 5.25 lakh books, 50,000 journals and approximately 10,000 copies of approved Ph.D. and D.Litt. dissertations. The Cooperative Lending library was established in 1966 to lend books to economically under privileged graduate and post graduate students for the whole session to be restored only after their examinations are over.[33]

The university also provides residential facilities to teachers, students and non-teaching staff. There are overall 18 hostels for boys and girls in the university.[34][35] Kailash Hall and Nivedita Hall can house nearly 600 female students.[34]

During the past 20 years,[36] there has been an extension of the University Campus near the Institute of Engineering and Technology.[37]

Organisation and Administration

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Faculties

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Faculty of Arts
Ancient Indian History and Archaeology Anthropology Arabic Defence Studies
Economics English and Modern European Languages Geography Hindi and Modern Indian Language
Home Science Journalism and Mass Communication Jyotir Vigyan Library and Information Science
Linguistics Medieval and Modern Indian History Oriental Studies in Arabic and Persian Oriental Studies in Sanskrit
Persian Philosophy Physical Education Political Science
Psychology Public Administration Sanskrit and Prakrit Language Social Work
Sociology Urdu Western History
Faculty of Management Studies
Management Sciences
Faculty of Commerce[38]
Applied Economics[39] Commerce
Faculty of Education
Education
Faculty of Fine Arts
Commercial Arts Fine Arts Sculpture
Faculty of Law[40]
Law
Faculty of Sciences (FoS)
Biochemistry Botany Chemistry Computer Science
Environmental science (under Botany) Geology Mathematics and Astronomy Microbiology (under Botany)
Physics Statistics Zoology
Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Applied Science & Humanities Electrical Engineering
Computer Science & Engineering Mechanical Engineering
Electronic and Communication Engineering Civil Engineering
Faculty of Yoga and Alternative Medicine[41]
Yoga[42] Naturopathy[43]
Faculty of Ayurveda[44]
Ayurveda
Faculty of Unani[45]
Unani
Faculty of Abhinavgupt Institute of Aesthetics and Shaiva Philosophy
Abhinavgupt Institute of Aesthetics and Shaiva Philosophy

Centres and Institutes

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  • Tourism Studies
  • APJ Abdul Kalam Centre for Innovation
  • Institute of New and Renewable Energy
  • Dr. Giri Lal Gupta Institute of Public Health
  • Dr. Shankar Dayal Sharma Institute of Democracy
  • Institute for Development of Advanced Computing
  • Institute of Hydrocarbon, Energy & Geo-resources
  • Institute of Wildlife Sciences
  • ONGC Centre of Advanced Studies
  • Population Research Centre
  • Development Studies
  • JK Institute of Sociology, Ecology and Human Relations
  • Urban Studies
  • Women Studies
  • Centre of Indian Diaspora and Cultural Studies
  • Centre for Cultural Texts, Records & Translation of Indian Literatures
  • Centre of Online, Open and Distance Learning
  • Institute of Human Consciousnes & Yogic Sciences
  • Food Processing and Technology
  • Center for Advanced Studies in Social Work
  • Mass Communication in Science & Technology[46][third-party source needed]
  • Pharmaceutical Sciences[47][third-party source needed]
  • Advanced Molecular Genetics & Infectious Diseases[48][third-party source needed]

Academics

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Rankings

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The NIRF (National Institutional Ranking Framework) ranked it 23rd in Law and 97th overall in India in 2024.[49]

University rankings
General – India
NIRF (Overall) (2022)[50]197
NIRF (Overall) (2023)[51]115
NIRF (Overall) (2024)[52]97
Law – India
NIRF (2024)[53]23
India Today (2020)[54]10


Notable alumni

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Main page: Category:University of Lucknow alumni

Politics

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Education and science

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Government

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Literature

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  • Ali Jawad Zaidi (1916-2004) — poet, critic, writer and freedom fighter
  • Ahmed Ali (1910-1994) — Pakistani novelist, short story writer and scholar
  • Iftikhar Arif (born 1944) — Urdu poet, scholar and intellectual
  • Kavi Pradeep (1915-1998) — poet and lyricist
  • Qurratulain Hyder (1927-2007) — Urdu writer and novelist
  • Abdur Rahman Kashgari (1912-1971) — Uyghur poet, writer, lexicographer and Islamic scholar
  • Attia Hosain (1913-1998) — British-Indian novelist, author, writer, broadcaster, journalist and actor
  • Vinod Mehta (1942-2015) — journalist, critic and writer
  • Roshan Taqui (born 1958) — historian, writer

Law

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Others

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Canning College". JSTOR. JSTOR 44147700. Archived from the original on 16 October 2024. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
  2. ^ Mullick, Rajeev (28 December 2019). "BHU's Prof Alok Kumar Rai appointed vice-chancellor of Lucknow University". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
  3. ^ a b c "University Student Enrollment Details". www.ugc.ac.in. Retrieved 10 February 2020.
  4. ^ a b "Lucknow | Badshah Bagh ..:::." lucknow.me. Retrieved 16 October 2024.
  5. ^ "List of Associated Colleges". University of Lucknow. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
  6. ^ "लखनऊ विश्वविद्यालय सीतापुर में खोलेगा तीसरा नया परिसर, राज्य सरकार ने दिया भवन". Dainik Jagran (in Hindi). Retrieved 19 September 2022.
  7. ^ "Lucknow University accredited with NAAC A grade - Times of India". The Times of India. 26 July 2022. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
  8. ^ "Good News: Lucknow University creates HISTORY, gets A grade by NAAC". Zee News. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
  9. ^ "Here are 5 Indian Universities founded in the 1800s that are still active in the country". www.mensxp.com. 20 February 2024. Retrieved 16 October 2024.
  10. ^ Dubrow, Jennifer (31 October 2018). Cosmopolitan Dreams: The Making of Modern Urdu Literary Culture in Colonial South Asia. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-7669-2.
  11. ^ "Indian Culture, Ministry of Culture, Government of India. "Canning College, Lucknow"". Indian Culture. 27 November 2018.
  12. ^ "Lal Baradari of LU in for revamp with ₹5 crore grant". The Times of India. 28 March 2024. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 15 October 2024.
  13. ^ college, Lucknow University Canning (1885). Lucknow Exhibition, 1885: Catalogue of Departments A & B. Held in Canning College, Kaisar Bagh. London printing Press.
  14. ^ Sharma, Ram Nath; Sharma, Rajendra Kumar (1996). History of Education in India. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. ISBN 978-81-7156-599-3.
  15. ^ "Nawabs Of Lucknow | District Lucknow , Government of Uttar Pradesh | India". Retrieved 16 October 2024.
  16. ^ "University of Lucknow". 2005. Archived from the original on 21 April 2005.
  17. ^ "Balrampur, Maharaja of; Hon'ble Maharaja Sir Bhagwat Prasad Singh" . The Indian Biographical Dictionary . Vol. 3.B. 1915. pp. 21–22.
  18. ^ Government Gazette: North-Western Provinces and Oudh. 1891.
  19. ^ "The Uttar Pradesh State Universities Act, 1973" (PDF). 1973. Retrieved 16 October 2024.
  20. ^ "First Report on ANM" (PDF). 16 May 2011. Retrieved 16 October 2024.
  21. ^ "University of Lucknow / Former Vice Chancellors". www.lkouniv.ac.in. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
  22. ^ Lambo, Angel. "Who was SOAS's first graduate? – SOAS Centenary Timeline". Retrieved 16 October 2024.
  23. ^ "Prasad, Kali (1901-) | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 14 October 2024.
  24. ^ "Prof Rai gets second term as Lucknow University vice-chancellor". 30 December 2022.
  25. ^ "Former VC, who had roots in Pak & heart in LU, passes away". The Times of India. 16 June 2024. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
  26. ^ "Vice-chancellor who rid Lucknow University of criminals no more". The Times of India. 11 November 2022. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
  27. ^ "LU gets new V-C, this time from IIT-Bombay". The Indian Express. 22 October 2009. Retrieved 16 October 2024.
  28. ^ "Vice Chancellor - Lucknow University". Lucknow University. 13 November 2009. Archived from the original on 13 November 2009.
  29. ^ "Governor's principal secy is LU vice-chancellor for six months". The Indian Express. 3 November 2012. Retrieved 14 October 2024.
  30. ^ "BHU prof to take charge as LU VC". The Times of India. 29 December 2019. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
  31. ^ "Professor Alok Kumar Rai gets second term as Lucknow University VC, first in 54 years". The Times of India. 31 December 2022. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
  32. ^ Khan, Hamza (16 November 2014). "Architect whose story PM shared with Obama, Abbott is little known in Lucknow — where he is buried". The Indian Express. Retrieved 10 February 2015.
  33. ^ "University of Lucknow / Remote Access of E-Resources of Tagore Library". www.lkouniv.ac.in. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
  34. ^ a b Lucknow University Halls revised Rules and Regulations (PDF) (Report). Lucknow University. 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 June 2018. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
  35. ^ "Hostels & Hostel Provost". Lucknow University. 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2019.
  36. ^ "Lucknow University's historic building to get a makeover". Times Now. 5 April 2024. Retrieved 16 October 2024.
  37. ^ "Campus Location". University of Lucknow. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
  38. ^ "University of Lucknow / Academics / Faculty/Department / Faculty of Commerce". lkouniv.ac.in. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
  39. ^ ":: University of Lucknow ::". udrc.lkouniv.ac.in. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
  40. ^ "University of Lucknow / Academics / Faculty/Department / Faculty of Law". lkouniv.ac.in. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
  41. ^ "University of Lucknow / Faculty of Yoga & Alternative Medicine". www.lkouniv.ac.in. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
  42. ^ ":: University of Lucknow ::". udrc.lkouniv.ac.in. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
  43. ^ ":: University of Lucknow ::". udrc.lkouniv.ac.in. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
  44. ^ "State Ayurvedic College & Hospital". www.saclko.in. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
  45. ^ "State Takmeel-Ut-Tib College -". sttcollegelko.com. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
  46. ^ ":: University of Lucknow ::". udrc.lkouniv.ac.in. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
  47. ^ ":: University of Lucknow ::". udrc.lkouniv.ac.in. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
  48. ^ ":: University of Lucknow ::". udrc.lkouniv.ac.in. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
  49. ^ "2024 NIRF Ranking" (PDF).
  50. ^ "National Institutional Ranking Framework 2022 (Overall)". National Institutional Ranking Framework. Ministry of Education. 15 July 2022.
  51. ^ "National Institutional Ranking Framework 2023 (Overall)". National Institutional Ranking Framework. Ministry of Education. 5 June 2023.
  52. ^ "National Institutional Ranking Framework 2024 (Overall)". National Institutional Ranking Framework. Ministry of Education. 12 August 2024.
  53. ^ "National Institutional Ranking Framework 2024 (Law)". National Institutional Ranking Framework. Ministry of Education. 12 August 2024.
  54. ^ "India's Best Colleges 2020: Law". India Today. 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
  55. ^ "Shankar Dayal Sharma". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 22 April 2016. Retrieved 9 May 2019.
  56. ^ "IBM's Kapoor is first Indian woman Fellow". The Times of India. 11 April 2020. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
  57. ^ "Famous Personalities of India : Brajendra Nath De". IndianSaga. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
  58. ^ "Brajendranath De". Rajsaday. 17 February 2013. Archived from the original on 22 November 2015.
  59. ^ "Illustrious alumni recall glorious days at Lucknow University". The Times of India. Times News Network. 26 November 2013. Archived from the original on 12 February 2014. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
  60. ^ "Centenary year of Lucknow University: भजन सम्राट अनूप जलोटा ने 47 साल बाद ली अपनी बीए की डिग्री".
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