The Andaman Islands fall within the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot. While endemism estimated to be a modest 17%, the islands share about 65% of its tree species with south-west Myanmar.[1] Early explorers like Wilhelm Sulpiz Kurz documented the flora of the region, and Charles Edward Parkinson published a Flora of the Andaman Islands[2] with important tree species of the region. Since then, a number of tree species have been described.[3][4] A comprehensive checklist of flora of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands has been published by the Botanical Survey of India - a 3-volume flora is currently under preparation of which the first volume was published in 2008.[5]
List of species
editThis checklist includes trees and other flora listed in Parkinson (1923).[2] It includes most native tree species and some exotic trees species.
| Family | Scientific name | Old name (as per Parkinson 1923) |
|---|---|---|
| Dilleniaceae | Dillenia pilosa | |
| Dillenia scabrella | ||
| Dillenia pentagyna | ||
| Delima sarmentosa | ||
| Magnoliceae | Magnolia andamanica | Talauma andamanica |
| Schisandraceae | Kadsura roxburghiana | |
| Annonaceae | Orophea hexandra | |
| Orophea polycarpa | ||
| Miliusa tectona | ||
| Polyalthia andamanica | ||
| Maasia glauca | Polyalthia parkinsonii | |
| Polyalthia simiarum | ||
| Goniothalamus macranthus | Melodorum macranthum | |
| Goniothalamus meeboldii | Mitrephora prainii | |
| Sageraea elliptica | ||
| Unona dasymaschala | ||
| Popowia nitida | ||
| Popowia kurzii | ||
| Phaeanthus andamanicus | ||
| Anaxagorea luzonensis | ||
| Artabotrys speciosus | ||
| Oxymitra fornicata | ||
| Uvaria hamiltonii | ||
| Uvaria andamanica | ||
| Menispermaceae | Tinospora cordifolia | |
| Antitaxis calocarpa | ||
| Capparidaceae | Capparis sepiaria | |
| Capparis floribunda | ||
| Capparis ambigua | ||
| Capparis tenera | ||
| Capparis horrida | ||
| Capparis micracantha | ||
| Alsodeia roxburghii | ||
| Alsodeia bengalensis | ||
| Flacourtiaceae | Scolopia crenata | |
| Ryparosa kurzii | ||
| Euphorbiaceae | Drypetes longifolia | |
| Polygalaceae | Xanthophyllum andamanicum | |
| Hypericaceae | Cratoxylon formosum | |
| Calophyllaceae | Calophyllum inophyllum | |
| Calophyllum spectabile | ||
| Calophyllum amoenum | ||
| Mesua ferrea | ||
| Mesua manii | Kayea manii | |
| Clusiaceae | Garcinia mangostana | |
| Garcinia xanthochymus | ||
| Garcinia andamanica | ||
| Garcinia cowa | ||
| Garcinia speciosa | ||
| Garcinia microstigma | ||
| Garcinia kydia | ||
| Garcinia cadelliana | ||
| Pentaphylacaceae | Ternstroemia penangiana | |
| Dipterocarpaceae | Dipterocarpus grandiflorus | Dipterocarpus griffithii |
| Dipterocarpus gracilis | Dipterocarpus turbinatus var. andamanicus | |
| Dipterocarpus kerrii | ||
| Dipterocarpus alatus | Dipterocarpus incanus | |
| Dipterocarpus costatus | ||
| Hopea odorata | ||
| Hopea andamanica / sp | ||
| Ancistrocladaceae | Ancistrocladus extensus | |
| Ancistrocladus attenuatus | ||
| Malvaceae | Hibiscus tiliaceus | |
| Hibiscus abelmoschus | ||
| Hibiscus scandens | ||
| Thespesia populnea | ||
| Eriodendron anfractuosum | ||
| Bombax insigne | ||
| Pterygota alata | Sterculia alata | |
| Pterocymbium tinctorium | Sterculia campanulata | |
| Sterculia parviflora | ||
| Sterculia rubiginosa | ||
| Sterculia villosa | ||
| Sterculia colorata | ||
| Heritiera littoralis | ||
| Pterospermum aceroides | ||
| Leptonychia glabra | ||
| Berrya ammonilla | ||
| Grewia calophylla | ||
| Grewia laevigata | ||
| Grewia microcos | ||
| Brownlowia lanceolata | ||
| Elaeocarpus aristatus | ||
| Elaeocarpus robustus | ||
| Rutaceae | Acronychia laurifolia | |
| Atalantia monophylla | ||
| Evodia glabra | ||
| Limonia alata | ||
| Zanthoxylum budrunga | ||
| Zanthoxylum andamanicum | ||
| Micromelum pubescens | ||
| Murraya exotica | ||
| Glycosmis pentaphylla | ||
| Simaroubaceae | Samadera lucida | |
| Picrasma javanica | ||
| Ailanthus kurzii | ||
| Ochnaceae | Ochna wallichii | |
| Gomphia hookeriii | ||
| Burseraceae | Garuga pinnata | |
| Canarium euphyllum | ||
| Canarium coccineo-bracteatum | ||
| Canarium denticulatum | Canarium manii | |
| Ganophyllum falcatum | ||
| Meliaceae | Sandoricum indicum | |
| Carapa moluccensis | ||
| Carapa obovata | ||
| Chukrasia tabularis | ||
| Chisocheton grandiflorus | ||
| Dysoxylum arborescens | ||
| Dysoxylum thyrsoideum | ||
| Dysoxylum andamanicum | ||
| Aglaia ganggo | ||
| Aglaia glaucescens | ||
| Aglaia fusca | ||
| Aglaia andamanica | ||
| Walsura candollei | ||
| Walsura hypoleuca | ||
| Walsura robusta | ||
| Amoora wallichii | ||
| Amoora rohituka | ||
| Azadirachta indica | ||
| Dichapetalaceae | Dichapetalum gelonioides subsp. andamanicum | Chailletia andamanica |
| Olacaceae | Ximenia americana | |
| Icacinaceae | Gomphandra andamanica | |
| Celastraceae | Glyptopetalum calocarpum | |
| Elaeodendron subrotundum | ||
| Kurrimia pulcherrima | ||
| Sapindaceae | Pometia pinnata | |
| Harpullia cupanioides | ||
| Erioglossum rubiginosum | ||
| Mischocarpus sundaicus | ||
| Arytera littoralis | ||
| Lepisanthus andamanica | ||
| Nephelium sp | ||
| Anacardiaceae | Mangifera andamanica | |
| Mangifera sylvatica | ||
| Buchanania platyneura | ||
| Semecarpus prainii | ||
| Semecarpus kurzii | ||
| Drimycarpus racemosus | ||
| Anacardium occidentale | ||
| Bouea burmanica | ||
| Spondias mangifera | ||
| Odina/lannea wodier/coromandelia | ||
| Parishia insignis | ||
| Dracantomelum mangiferum | ||
| Connaraceae | Ellipanthus calophyllus | |
| Fabaceae | Desmodium umbellatum | |
| Sophora tomentosa | ||
| Erythrina indica | ||
| Pongamia glabra | ||
| Pterocarpus dalbergioides | ||
| Cynometra ramiflora | ||
| Afzelia bijuga | ||
| Cassia nodosa | ||
| Peltophorum ferrugineum | ||
| Adenanthera pavonina | ||
| Albizzia stipulata | ||
| Albizzia lebbek | ||
| Albizzia procera | ||
| Pithecelobium angulatum | ||
| Rosaceae | Prunus martabanica | |
| Pygeum acuminatum | ||
| Escalloniaceae | Polyosma integrifolia | |
| Rhizophoraceae | Rhizophora mucronata | |
| Rhizophora conjugata | ||
| Bruguiera gymnorhiza | ||
| Bruguiera parviflora | ||
| Ceriops candolleana | ||
| Carallia lucida | ||
| Combretaceae | Terminalia procera | |
| Terminalia catappa | ||
| Terminalia bialata | ||
| Terminalia manii | ||
| Lumnitzera coccinea | ||
| Lumnitzera racemosa | ||
| Gyrocarpus americanus | ||
| Myrtaceae | Eugenia javanica | |
| Eugenia manii | ||
| Eugenia kurzii | ||
| Eugenia acuminatissima | ||
| Eugenia claviflora | ||
| Eugenia jambolana | ||
| Eugenia andamanica | ||
| Eugenia grata | ||
| Eugenia cymosa | ||
| Barringtonia speciosa | ||
| Barringtonia racemosa | ||
| Planchonia andamanica | ||
| Careya valida | ||
| Melastomataceae | Memecylon caeruleum | |
| Memecylon edule | ||
| Memecylon andamanicum | ||
| Memecylon pauciflorum | ||
| Memecylon elegans | ||
| Lythraceae | Pemphis acidula | |
| Sonneratia acida | ||
| Sonneratia alba | ||
| Lagerstroemia hypoleuca | ||
| Duabanga sonneratioides | ||
| Crypteronia paniculata | ||
| Salicaceae | Casearia andamanica | |
| Tetramelaceae | Tetrameles nudiflora | |
| Araliaceae | Brassaiopsis palmata | |
| Heteropanax fragrans | ||
| Arthrophyllum diversifoium | ||
| Rubiaceae | Stephegyne diversifolia | |
| Anthocephalus cadamba | ||
| Nauclea gageana | ||
| Nauclea pururascens | ||
| Morinda citrifolia | ||
| Uncaria pedicellata | ||
| Mussaenda macrophylla | ||
| Webera kurzii | ||
| Ixora brunnescens | ||
| Ixora finlaysoniana | ||
| Guettarda speciosa | ||
| Scyphiphora hydrophyllaceae | ||
| Randia densiflora | ||
| Randia exaltata | ||
| Canthium glabrum | ||
| Timonius jambosella | ||
| Gardenia coronaria | ||
| Myrsinaceae | Ardisia humilis | |
| Ardisia andamanica | ||
| Aegiceras majus | ||
| Maesa ramentaceae | ||
| Sapotaceae | Mimosops littoralis | |
| Mimosops elengi | ||
| Bassia butyraceae | ||
| Planchonella longipetiolata | Sideroxylon longipetiolatum | |
| Sideroxylon ferrugineum | ||
| Ebenaceae | Diospyros kurzii | |
| Diospyros oocarpa | ||
| Diospyros pyrhocarpa | ||
| Diospyros undulata | ||
| Diospyros pilosula | ||
| Diospyros montana | ||
| Symplocaceae | Symplocos racemosa | |
| Oleaceae | Chionanthus parkinsonii | Linociera parkinsonii |
| Chionanthus mala-elengi subsp. terniflorus | Linociera terniflora | |
| Apocynaceae | Ochrosia borbonica | |
| Alstonia kurzii | ||
| Hunteria corymbosa | ||
| Tabernaemontana crispa | ||
| Wrightia tomentosa | ||
| Cerbera odallam | ||
| Loganiaceae | Fagraea morindaefolia | |
| Boraginaceae | Cordia subcordata | |
| Cordia grandis | ||
| Ehretia laevis | ||
| Tournefortia argentea | ||
| Bignoniaceae | Dolichandrone rheedii | |
| Heterophragma adenophyllum | ||
| Pajanella rheedii | ||
| Oroxylum indicum | ||
| Verbenaceae | Premna integrifolia | |
| Avicennia officinalis | ||
| Gmelina arborea | ||
| Vitex diversifolia | ||
| Vitex glabrata | ||
| Nyctaginaceae | Pisonia umbellifera | Pisonia excelsa |
| Myristicaceae | Knema andamanica | Myristica glaucescens |
| Myristica andamanica | ||
| Endocomia macrocoma var. prainii | Myristica prainii | |
| Horsfieldia irya | Myristica irya | |
| Horsfieldia glabra | Myristica glabra | |
| Lauraceae | Cinnamomum obtusifolium | |
| Litsea chinensis | ||
| Litsea leiantha | ||
| Litsea panamonja | ||
| Litsea kurzii | ||
| Cryptocarya andamanica | ||
| Cryptocarya ferrarsi | ||
| Cryptocarya caesia | ||
| Cryptocarya amygdalina | ||
| Dehaasia kurzii | ||
| Hernandiaceae | Hernandia peltata | |
| Proteaceae | Helicia excelsa | |
| Opiliaceae | Champereia manillana | |
| Euphorbiaceae | Euphorbia trigona | |
| Euphorbia epiphylloides | ||
| Phyllanthus columnaris | ||
| Bridelia tomentosa | ||
| Glochidion calocarpum | ||
| Glochidion andamanicum | ||
| Glochidion hirsutum | ||
| Cyclostemon assamicus | ||
| Cyclostemon macrophyllus | ||
| Gelonium multiflorum | ||
| Gelonium bifarium | ||
| Cliesanthus myrianthus | ||
| Aporosa villosula | ||
| Macaranga andamanica | ||
| Macaranga indica | ||
| Macaranga tanarius | ||
| Endospermum malaccense | ||
| Baccaurea sapida | ||
| Sapium baccatum | ||
| Croton argyratus | ||
| Mallotus acuminatus | ||
| Mallotus philippinensis | ||
| Mallotus andamanicus | ||
| Mallotus kurzii | ||
| Excoecaria agallocha | ||
| Hemicyclia andamanica | ||
| Cleidion javanicum | ||
| Cleidion nitidum | ||
| Homonoia riparia | ||
| Claoxylon indicum | ||
| Bischofia javanica | ||
| Cannabaceae | Celtis wightii | |
| Celtis cinnamomea | ||
| Trema amboinensis | ||
| Gironniera subaequalis | ||
| Gironniera luidca | ||
| Moraceae | Ficus hispida | |
| Ficus brevicuspis | ||
| Ficus rumphfii | ||
| Ficus glomerata | ||
| Ficus variegata | ||
| Ficus benjamina | ||
| Ficus retusa | ||
| Ficus glabella | ||
| Ficus gibbosa | ||
| Ficus scandens | ||
| Ficus obtusifolia | ||
| Ficus indica | ||
| Ficus infectoria | ||
| Ficus altissima | ||
| Ficus ramentacea | ||
| Ficus callosa | ||
| Ficus nervosa | ||
| Ficus glaberrima | ||
| Artocarpus gomeziana | ||
| Artocarpus lakoocha | ||
| Artocarpus chaplasha | ||
| Antiaris toxicaria | ||
| Morus laevigata | ||
| Streblus asper | ||
| Phyllochlamys spinosa | ||
| Plecospermum andamanicum | ||
| Urticaceae | Pipturus veluntinus | |
| Casuarinaceae | Casuarina equisetifolia | |
| Podocarpaceae | Podocarpus neerifolia | |
| Cycadaceae | Cycas rumphfii | |
| Marantaceae | Donax canniformis | Clinogyne grandis |
| Flagellariaceae | Flagellaria indica | |
| Pandanaceae | Pandanus tectorius | |
| Pandanus andamanensium | ||
| Pandanus leram | ||
| Freycinetia sp | ||
| Asparagaceae | Dracaena angustifolia | |
| Dracaena spicata | ||
| Arecaceae | Phoenix paludosa | |
| Nipa fruticans | ||
| Pinanga manii | ||
| Pinanga kuhlii | ||
| Calamus andamanicus | ||
| Calamus pseudorivalis | ||
| Calamus palustris | ||
| Calamus longisetus | ||
| Calamus viminalis | ||
| Daemonorops kurzianus | ||
| Daemonorops manii | ||
| Korthalasia laciniosa | ||
| Caryota mitis | ||
| Corypha umbraculifera | ||
| Licuala peltata | ||
| Licuala spinosa | ||
| Poaceae | Phragmites karka | |
| Tripidium arundinaceum (syn. Saccharum arundinaceum) | ||
| Thysanolaena agrostis | ||
| Oxytenanthera nigrociliata | ||
| Bambusa lineata | ||
| Bambusa schizostachyoides | ||
| Schizostachyum rogersii | ||
| Dinochloa andamanica |
References
edit- ^ Ganeshaiah, K. N.; Sanjappa, M.; Rao, Raviprasad; Murugan, C.; Shivaprakash, K. N. (2019-08-05). "Spatial distribution pattern of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of woody flora in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India". Forest Ecosystems. 6 (1). doi:10.1186/s40663-019-0196-9. ISSN 2197-5620.
- ^ a b Parkinson, C. E. (1984). A forest flora of the Andaman Islands : an account of the trees, shrubs and principal climbers of the islands. R.P. Singh Gahlot for International Book Distributors. ISBN 9788170890126. OCLC 28802601.
- ^ Singh, Lal Ji (2016-12-05). "Musa paramjitianasp. nov. (Musaceae) from Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India". Nordic Journal of Botany. 35 (1): 77–84. doi:10.1111/njb.01343. ISSN 0107-055X.
- ^ "Memecylon macneillianum (Melastomataceae), a new species from South Andaman, India". Telopea. 2016. doi:10.7751/telopea10637. ISSN 2200-4025.
- ^ Hajra, Rao and Mudgal (1999). Flora of Andaman & Nicobar Islands. Botanical Survey of India.