Wikipedia

List of first female physicians by country

This is a list of the first qualified female physician to practice in each country, where that is known. Many, if not all, countries have had female physicians since time immemorial; however, modern systems of qualification have often commenced as male only, whether de facto or de jure. This lists the first women physicians in modern countries. The dates given in parentheses below are the dates the women graduated from medical school.

Africa

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Country Physician Year graduated

medical school

Year began

practice

  Algeria Aldjia Noureddine-Benallègue[1] 1946 1946
  Angola Melba Dias Costa[2] 1950
  Benin Solange Faladé[3][4] 1955
  Botswana Nolwandle Nozipo Mashalaba[5] 1965
  Burkina Faso Bibiane Kone[6]
  Burundi Marcelline Ntakibirora[7] 1982 1983
  Cameroon Gladys Ejomi[8] 1962
  Cape Verde Maria Francisca de Oliveira Sousa[9][10]
  Chad Grace Kodindo[11] 1977
  Comoros Zaitouni Abdou[12]
  Democratic Republic of Congo Louise Celia Fleming[13][14] 1895 1895
  Egypt Hilana Sedarous[15][16] 1930 1930
  Equatorial Guinea Margarita Roka Elobo[17][18]
  Eswatini Fanny Friedman[19]
  Ethiopia Widad Kidanemariam[20] c. 1960s
  Gambia Kinneh Sogur[21] 2007
  Ghana Susan Ofori-Atta[22] 1949 1949
  Ivory Coast Christiane Welffens-Ekra[23][24] c. 1975
  Kenya Mary de Sousa[25] 1919
  Lesotho Bertha Hardegger[26] (born in Switzerland) 1937
  Liberia Florence Gbeye D. McClain[27] 1962
  Libya Younes Qwaider[1] 1969
  Madagascar Marthe Ramiaramanana-Ralivao[28] 1950
  Malawi Vida Mungwira[29][30] (the country was then known as Nyasaland) 1956
  Mali Diaka Diawara Sacko[31]
  Mauritania Nusaiba Abdel-Qader and Meimouna mint Mohamed Lemine[32][33] 2015 2015
  Mauritius Sajeda Vayid[34] 1965
  Morocco Françoise Legey[35] (born in France) 1900 1909
  Namibia Libertina Amathila[36] 1969 1969
  Nigeria Elizabeth Abimbola Awoliyi[37] 1938 1938
  Republic of Congo Yvonne Obenga[38][39] c. 1970s
  São Tomé and Príncipe Julieta da Graça do Espírito Santo[40][41] 1955
  Senegal Marie-Thérèse Basse[42] 1957 1958
  Seychelles Hilda Stevenson-Delhomme[43] 1939
  Sierra Leone Irene Ighodaro[44][45] 1945
  Somalia Hawa Abdi[46] 1971 1971
  South Africa Jane Elizabeth Waterston[47] 1880
  Sudan Khalida Zahir[48] 1952 1952
Zaroui Sarkissian[49][50] 1952
  Tanzania Esther Mwaikambo[51] 1969 1969
  Tunisia Tewhida Ben Sheikh[1] 1936 1936
  Uganda Josephine Nambooze[a][52][53] 1959 1962
  Zambia Elwyn Chomba[54][55] 1973
  Zimbabwe Madeline Nyamwanza-Makonese[56] 1970 1970

Americas

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Country Physician Year graduated

medical school

Year began

practice

  Antigua and Barbuda Ruby Lake-Richards[57] 1954 1954
  Argentina Cecilia Grierson[58] 1889 1889
  Bahamas Merceline Dahl-Regis[59][b] c. 1960s
  Bolivia Amelia Chopitea Villa[60] 1926 1929
  Brazil Marie Durocher[61] 1834 1834
  Canada[62] Emily Stowe[63] 1867

1875

1867

1875

Jennie Kidd Trout[64] 1875 1875
  Chile Eloísa Díaz[65] 1886 1887
  Colombia Ana Galvis Hotz[66] 1877 1877
  Costa Rica Anita Figueredo[67] (lived in the U.S.) 1936
  Cuba Laura Martínez de Carvajal[68] 1889 1889
  Dominican Republic Sarah Loguen Fraser[c][70] 1884
  Ecuador Matilde Hidalgo[71] 1921 1921
  El Salvador Estela Gavidia[72] 1945 1945
  Guatemala Maria Isabel Escobar[73] 1942 1946
  Guyana Asin Ho A Shoo (Hoashoo)[74] 1912 1912
  Haiti Yvonne Sylvain[75] 1940 1940
  Honduras Martha Raudales de Midence[76] 1947 1947
  Jamaica Cicely Williams[77] 1923 1923
  Mexico Matilde Montoya[78] 1887 1887
  Nicaragua Concepción Palacios Herrera[79] 1927 1928
  Panamá Lidia Gertrudis Sogandares[80] 1934 1936
  Paraguay Gabriela Valenzuela and Froilana Mereles[81] 1924
  Peru Laura Esther Rodriguez Dulanto[82] 1899 1900
  Saint Kitts and Nevis Jean Lenore Harney[83]
  Saint Lucia Betty Bennet Wells[84] 1939
  Suriname Sophie Redmond[85] 1935 1935
  Trinidad and Tobago Stella Abidh[86] 1930
  United States Elizabeth Blackwell[87] (born in England) 1849 1851
  Uruguay Paulina Luisi[88] 1908 1909
  Venezuela Lya Imber[89] 1936 1936

Asia

edit
Country Physician Year graduated

medical school

Year began

practice

  Afghanistan Maghul M. Ali[90] 1957 1957
  Azerbaijan Sona Valikhan[91] 1908 1908
  Bahrain Sadeeqa Ali Al-Awadi[92] 1969
  Bangladesh Zohra Begum Kazi[93] 1935
  Brunei Datin Paduka Dr Hjh Intan[94]
  Cambodia Kek Galabru[95][96] 1968 1968
  China Kin Yamei[d] 1885 1885
  India Anandi Gopal Joshi / Kadambini Ganguly[97][98] 1886
  Indonesia Marie Thomas[99] 1912 1922
  Iran Sakineh Peri[100][101] 1934
  Iraq Anna Sethian[102] 1922[103]
  Japan Ogino Ginko[104] 1882 1885
  Jordan Nirmen Totanji[105] 1953 1953
  Korea Esther Park (Kim Jeom-dong)[106] 1900
  Kyrgyzstan Kakish Ryskulovna Ryskulova[107] 1944 1944
  Kuwait Eleanor Jane Taylor Calverley[108] (born in the U.S.) 1908 1911
  Lebanon Anisa Saiba[109][110] c. 1890s c. 1890s
  Malaysia Salma Ismail[111] 1947 1947
  Mongolia V. Ichinkhorloo[112][113][114] 1947
  Myanmar Daw Saw Sa[115] 1912
    Nepal Jamila Sen[116][117] 1897 1899
  Oman Zakiyyah Bint Salem Bin Seif Al Me'man[118] 1944
  Pakistan Khabzam Iqbal[119] c. 1983
  Philippines Honoria Acosta-Sison[120] 1909 1909
  Saudi Arabia Nawal Jamal Al-Lail[121]
  Singapore Lee Choo Neo[122] 1919 1919
  Sri Lanka May Ratnayake[123] 1916 1916
  Syria Sabat Islambouli[124] 1890 1890
  Taiwan Tsai Ah-hsin[125] 1921 1925
  Tajikistan Sofya Khafizovna Khakimova[126] 1943 1943
  Thailand Margaret Lin Xavier[108] 1924 1924
  United Arab Emirates Zulekha Daoud[127] 1963
  Uzbekistan Zulfiya Ibragimovna Umidova[128] 1922 1922
  Vietnam Henriette Bùi Quang Chiêu[129] 1934
  Yemen Claudie Fayein[130][131] (born in France) 1955
  • Nepal: Bethel Fleming[132][133] (born in the U.S.) is considered the first Western female physician to practice in the country.

Europe

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Country Physician Year graduated
medical school 		Year began
practice
  Albania Xhanfize (Frashëri) Basha[134] 1937
  Armenia Vergine G. Mikaelyan[135] 1927
  Austria Gabriele Possanner[136] 1897 1897
  Belarus Salome Regina Rusetskaya[e][137]
  Belgium Isala Van Diest[138] 1879 1879
  Bosnia and Herzegovina Teodora Krajewska[139] c. 1897[140]
  Bulgaria Anastasia Golovina[141] 1878 1878
  Croatia Karola Maier Milobar[142] 1900 1906
  Cyprus Maria Michaelides[143] 1927 1927
  Czech Republic Anna Honzáková[144] 1902 1902
  Denmark Nielsine Nielsen[145] 1886 1889
  Estonia Selma Feldbach[146] 1904
  Finland Rosina Heikel[75] 1878 1878
  France Madeleine Brès[147] 1875 1875
  Georgia (country) Pelagia Natsvlishvili[148] 1878 1878
  Germany Dorothea Erxleben[149] [150] 1754 1754
  Greece Maria Kalapothakes[151] 1894 1894
  Hungary Vilma Hugonnai[152] 1879 1897
  Iceland Kristín Ólafsdóttir[153] 1917[154]
  Ireland Eleanora Fleury[155] 1890 1890
  Italy Dorotea Bucca[f] pre-1390
  Kazakhstan Gulsum Asfendiyarova and Zeinep Sadykovna.[g][156] 1908
  Latvia Marija Vecrumba[157] 1911 1911
  Lithuania Barbora Burbaitė-Eidukevičienė[158] 1892 1900
  Luxembourg Louise Welter[h][159][160] 1924 1924
  Malta Blanche Huber[161] 1925 1925
  Moldova Maria Baltaga-Savitski[162] 1879
  Montenegro Divna Veković[163] 1940s
  Netherlands Aletta Jacobs[164] 1879 1879
  North Macedonia Suncica Apostolova[165] 1953
  Norway Marie Spångberg Holth[166] 1893 1893
  Poland Anna Tomaszewicz-Dobrska[167] 1877 1877
  Portugal Elisa Augusta da Conceição Andrade[168] 1889 1889
  Romania Maria Cuțarida-Crătunescu[169] 1884 1891
  Russia Nadezhda Suslova[170] 1867 1868
  Serbia Draga Ljočić[171] 1879 1881
  Slovakia Mária Bellová[172] 1910
  Slovenia Eleonora Jenko Groyer[173] 1907
  Spain Dolors Aleu i Riera[174] 1879 1882
  Sweden Lovisa Åhrberg[i] Never educated;
certified 1850s 		1840
   Switzerland Marie Heim-Vögtlin[26] 1874 1874
  Turkey Safiye Ali[1] 1922
  Ukraine Sofia Okunevska[175] 1894 1897
  United Kingdom Elizabeth Garrett Anderson[176] 1862 1865

Oceania

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Country Physician Year graduated
medical school 		Year began
practice
  Australia Constance Stone[177] 1890
  Fiji Kanta Madovji[178] 1968
  Kiribati Terenganuea Taaram[179] (then known as the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony) before 1974
  Micronesia Ulai Otobed[180] 1965
  New Zealand Emily Siedeberg[181] 1896 1905
  Papua New Guinea Joan Refshauge[182][183] 1947
  Samoa Viopapa Annandale-Atherton[184][185] 1964
  Solomon Islands Junilyn Pikacha[186] 1978 1981
  Tonga 'Akanesi Makakaufaki[187] 1976
  Tuvalu Nese Ituaso-Conway[188] 1999
Miliama Simeona[188] 1999

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Although Nambooze practiced medicine in Uganda, she is considered the first female physician in Central Africa (which includes the Central African Republic, Gabon, and Rwanda) and East Africa (which includes Djibouti, Eritrea, Mozambique and South Sudan)
  2. ^ According to various sources, Dahl-Regis is considered one of the first women to graduate with a medical degree during the 1960s.
  3. ^ Although Fraser was the first woman authorized to practice medicine in the Dominican Republic in 1884, Andrea Evangelina Rodríguez Perozo was the first woman to earn her medical degree in the Dominican Republic in 1909.[69]
  4. ^ Buwei Yang Chao was considered the first female doctor in China to specialize in Western medicine.
  5. ^ Salome Regina Rusetskaya never received any formal medical education.
  6. ^ First woman doctor in modern Italy was Ernestina Paper in 1877.
  7. ^ Jankümis Bayğozïna graduated from a medical school in 1885, but that was as an obsterician.
  8. ^ Although Marcelle Dauphin is considered Luxembourg's first female doctor in certain sources, she was actually a dentist. Welter was the first female general practitioner physician.
  9. ^ First Swedish woman doctor who graduated from a University was Charlotte Yhlen, and first woman doctor to graduate from a Swedish University was Karolina Widerström.

References

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