List of monarchs of Georgia

"Queen of Georgia" and "King of Georgia" redirect here. For consorts of Georgia, see List of Georgian royal consorts.

This is a list of kings and queens regnant of the kingdoms of Georgia before Russian annexation in 1801–1810.

King of Georgia
Coat of arms of the Bagrationi dynasty
Portrait of King George XII, last Georgian monarch
Details
First monarch	Pharnavaz I
Last monarch	George XII
Formation	299 BC
Abolition	1800 AD
Residence	Armazi Mtskheta Artanuji (now in Turkey) Kutaisi Tbilisi Gremi Telavi
Pretender(s)	David Bagration-Mukhranski Nugzar Bagrationi-Gruzinski

For more comprehensive lists, and family trees, of Georgian monarchs and rulers see Lists of Georgian monarchs.

Kings of Iberia

Name	Portrait	Reign	Notes
Pharnavaz I ფარნავაზი		299 – 234 BC	King of Iberia.
Sauromaces I საურმაგ I		234 – 159 BC	King of Iberia. Son of Pharnavaz.
Mirian I მირიან I		159 – 109 BC	King of Iberia. Son-in-law and adopted son of Sauromaces I.
Pharnajom ფარნაჯომი		109 – 90 BC	King of Iberia. Son of Mirian I.
Artaxias I არშაკ I		90 – 78 BC	King of Iberia. Husband of Pharnajom's sister.
Artoces არტაგი		78 – 63 BC	King of Iberia. Son of Artaxias I.
Pharnavaz II ფარნავაზ II		63 – 30 BC	King of Iberia. Son of Artoces.
Mirian II მირიან II		30 – 20 BC	King of Iberia. Son of Pharnajom.
Arshak II არშაკ II		20 BC – 1 AD	King of Iberia. Son of Mirian II.
Pharasmanes I the Great ფარსმან I დიდი		1 – 58	King of Iberia. Grandson of Pharnavaz II.
Mihrdat I მირდატ I		58 – 106	King of Iberia. Son of Pharasmanes I.
Amazasp I ამაზასპი		106 – 116	King of Iberia. Son of Mihrdat I.
Pharasmanes II the Valiant ფარსმან II ქველი		116 – 132	King of Iberia. Son of Amazasp I.
Ghadam ღადამი		132 – 135	King of Iberia. Son of Pharasmanes II.
Pharasmanes III ფარსმან III		135 – 185	King of Iberia. Son of Ghadam.
Amazasp II ამაზასპ II		185 – 189	King of Iberia. Son of Pharasmanes III.
Rev I the Just რევ I მართალი		189 – 216	King of Iberia. Son of Amazasp II's sister.
Vache ვაჩე		216 – 234	King of Iberia. Son of Rev I.
Bacurius I ბაკურ I		234 – 249	King of Iberia. Son of Vache.
Mihrdat II მირდატ II		249 – 265	King of Iberia. Son of Bacurius I.
Amazasp III ამაზასპ III		260 – 265	Anti-king of Iberia.
Aspacures I ასფაგურ I		265 – 284	King of Iberia. Son of Mihrdat II.
Mirian III მირიან III		284 – 361	King of Iberia. Husband of Aspacures I's daughter. The 1st Georgian king who adopted Christianity and introduced it as a state religion during his reign. Co-ruled with his son Rev II of Iberia (345–361).
Rev II რევ II		345 – 361
Sauromaces II საურმაგ II		361 – 363	King of Iberia. Son of Rev II.
Aspacures II ასფაგურ II		363 – 365	King of Iberia. Son of Mirian III.
Mihrdat III მირდატ III		365 – 380, diarch 370–378	King of Iberia. Son of Aspacures II. Ruled with Sauromaces II between 370 and 378.
Aspacures III ასფაგურ III		380 – 394	King of Iberia. Son of Mihrdat III.
Trdat თრდატი		394 – 406	King of Iberia. Son of Rev II.
Pharasmanes IV ფარსმან IV		406 – 409	King of Iberia. Son of Aspacures III.
Mihrdat IV მირდატ IV		409 – 411	King of Iberia. Son of Aspacures III.
Archil არჩილი		411 – 435	King of Iberia. Son of Mihrdat IV.
Mihrdat V მირდატ V		435 – 447	King of Iberia. Son of Archil.
Vakhtang I Gorgasali ვახტანგ I გორგასალი		447 – 522	King of Iberia. Son of Mihrdat V.
Dachi დაჩი		522 – 534	King of Iberia. Son of Vakhtang I.
Bacurius II ბაკურ II		534 – 547	King of Iberia. Son of Dachi.
Pharasmanes V ფარსმან V		547 – 561	King of Iberia. Son of Bacurius II.
Pharasmanes VI ფარსმან VI		561 – ?	King of Iberia. Son of Pharasmanes V's brother.
Bacurius III ბაკურ III		? – 580	The last king of Iberia. Son of Pharasmanes VI. Kingship was abolished by Hormizd IV.

Presiding princes of Iberia

Ruler	Portrait	Reign	Family	Overlord	Notes
Guaram I		588-590	Guaramid	Maurice (588-590)
Stephen I		590-627	Guaramid	Maurice (590-602) Phocas (602-610) Heraclius (610-627)
Adarnase I		627 – 642	Chosroid	Heraclius (627-640) Umar Rashidun Caliphate (640-642)
Stephen II		642-650	Chosroid	Umar Rashidun Caliphate (642-644) Uthman Rashidun Caliphate (644-650)
Adarnase II		650-684	Chosroid	Uthman Rashidun Caliphate (650-654) Ali Rashidun Caliphate (654-661) Hasan Rashidun Caliphate (661) Muawiya I Umayyad Caliphate (661-680) Yazid I Umayyad Caliphate (680-683) Muawiya II Umayyad Caliphate (683-684)
Guaram II		684-693	Guaramid	Marwan I Umayyad Caliphate (684-685) Abd al-Malik Umayyad Caliphate (685-693)
Guaram III		693-748	Guaramid	Abd al-Malik Umayyad Caliphate (693-705) al-Walid I Umayyad Caliphate (705-715) Sulayman Umayyad Caliphate (715-717) Umar Umayyad Caliphate (717-720) Yazid II Umayyad Caliphate (720-724) Hisham Umayyad Caliphate (724-743) al-Walid II Umayyad Caliphate (743-744) Yazid III Umayyad Caliphate (744) Ibrahim Umayyad Caliphate (744) Marwan II Umayyad Caliphate (744-748)
Adarnase III		748-760	Nersianid	Marwan II Umayyad Caliphate (748-750) As-Saffah Abbasid Caliphate (750-754) al-Mansur Abbasid Caliphate (754-760)
Nerse		760-772	Nersianid	al-Mansur Abbasid Caliphate (760-772)
Vacancy: 772-775				al-Mansur Abbasid Caliphate (772-775)
Nerse		775-780	Nersianid	al-Mahdi Abbasid Caliphate (775-780)
Stephen III		780-786	Guaramid	al-Mahdi Abbasid Caliphate (780-785) al-Hadi Abbasid Caliphate (785-786)
Vacancy: 786-813				Harun al-Rashid Abbasid Caliphate (786-809) al-Amin Abbasid Caliphate (809-813)
Ashot I		813-830	Bagrationi	Leo V and Constantine Symbatios (813-820) Michael II (820-829) Theophilos (829-830)
Bagrat I		830-876	Bagrationi	Theophilos (830-842) Michael III (842-867) Basil I (867-876)
David I		876-881	Bagrationi	Basil I (876-881)
Gurgen I		881-888	Bagrationi	Basil I (876-886) Leo VI (886-888)

Georgia under Bagrationi dynasty

Ruler		Born	Reign	Death	Territory	Consort	Notes
Ashot I the Great (აშოტ I დიდი)		Before 807 Son of Adarnase I of Tao-Klarjeti	807-830 (813-830 as Prince of Iberia)	c.830 Nigali valley aged at least 22/23	Principality of Tao-Klarjeti	Unknown four children	First of the Bagratid family to be Prince of Iberia, in 813. From his base in Tao-Klarjeti, he fought to enlarge the Bagratid territories and sought the Byzantine protectorate against the Arab encroachment. A patron of Christian culture and a friend of the church, he has been canonized by the Georgian Orthodox Church.
Bagrat I (ბაგრატ I)		Before 826 Son of Ashot I	830-876	876 aged at least 49/50	Principality of Tao-Klarjeti	Unknown (of Armenia) (daughter of Smbat VIII Bagratuni) three children	Also Prince of Iberia. Bagrat shared with his brothers the patrimonial holdings, but which lands he actually possessed is not directly indicated in the medieval sources. He found himself in a constant struggle with the Arabs, the Abasgians and the Kakhetians over the possession of central Iberia.
Adarnase II (ადარნასე II)		Before 826 Sons of Ashot I	830-867	867 aged at least 40/41	Principality of Tao-Klarjeti	Bevreli of Abkhazia (daughter of Bagrat I of Abkhazia) three children	Brothers of Bagrat, ruled in different parts of the principality.
Guaram (გუარამ)			830-882	882 aged at least 55/56	Principality of Tao-Klarjeti	Unknown (of Armenia) (daughter of Smbat VIII Bagratuni) one child
David I (დავით I)		? Son of Bagrat I	876-881	881	Principality of Tao	Unknown (daughter of Constantine III of Abkhazia) two children	Also Prince of Iberia. David shared the Bagratid hereditary lands in Tao-Klarjeti with his uncles and cousins.
Gurgen I (გურგენ I)		? Son of Adarnase II and Bevreli of Abkhazia	876-891 (881-888 as Prince of Iberia)	891	Principality of Tao	Unknown (of Armenia) (daughter of Smbat VIII Bagratuni) two children	Joined prince Adarnase and king Ashot I of Armenia against prince Nasra of Tao-Klarjeti, who wanted to dispossess Adarnase of his patrimonial inheritance. Adarnase claimed a royal status since then, and Gurgen retained his patrimony.
Sumbat I (სუმბატ I)		? Son of Adarnase II of Tao-Klarjeti and Bevreli of Abkhazia	876-889	889	Principality of Klarjeti	Khosrovanush two children	Sumbat received the province of Klarjeti as an appanage where he ruled with the title of mampali, which seems to have passed on to Sumbat and his progeny after the extinction of the line of Guaram Mampali.
Adarnase IV (ადარნასე IV)		? Son of David I	888-923	923	Kingdom of Iberia	Unknown six children	As he was still a minor, the Byzantine emperor – pursuant to the policy of division – appointed as curopalates, not Adarnase, but his cousin Gurgen. However, the latter joined Adarnase and king Ashot I of Armenia against prince Nasra of Tao-Klarjeti, who wanted to dispossess Adarnase of his patrimonial inheritance. The victory allowed Adarnase to claim a royal status for himself. Adarnase was, then, responsible for the restoration of the Iberian kingship, which had been in abeyance since it had been abolished by Sasanian Empire in the 6th century, in 888.
David I (დავით I)		? Sons of Sumbat I	889-943	23 February 943	Principality of Klarjeti	Unknown one child	Sons of Sumbat I, ruled jointly.
Bagrat I (ბაგრატი I)			889-900	20 April 900	Principality of Klarjeti	Unknown five children
Adarnase III (ადარნასე III)		? Son of Gurgen I	891-896	896	Principality of Tao	Unknown three children
Ashot I (II) the Immature (აშოტ კუხი)		? Son of Gurgen I	896-918	918	Principality of Tao	Unknown three children	Uncle and nephew, probably ruled jointly. After the death of his nephew, Ashot continued his rule alone.
David (დავით)		? First son of Adarnase III	896-908	908	Principality of Tao	Unknown three children
Gurgen II the Great (გურგენ II დიდი)		? Second son of Gurgen I	918-941	14 February 941	Principality of Tao	Unknown (of Klarjeti) (daughter of Ashot the Swift) one child	A patron of local monastic communities, Gurgen presided over the construction of a new cathedral at Khandzta. Gurgen was an energetic ruler and accumulated in his hands much power, ruling over Tao, parts of Klarjeti and Javakheti, and also Adjara and Nigali. The expansion of his territories was at the expense of his cousins and neighbours. However, left no male children and his lands went to his cousins.
David II (დავით II)		? Son of Adarnase IV	923-937	937	Kingdom of Iberia	Unknown four children	In spite of his royal title and unlike his father, David did not bear the traditional high Byzantine title of curopalates, which was bestowed by the emperor upon David's younger brother Ashot II. As a result, David's influence and prestige were overshadowed by those of this younger brother.
Sumbat I (სუმბატ I)		? Son of Adarnase IV	937-958	958	Kingdom of Iberia	Unknown two children	Heir of his two brothers, he united Iberia with part of Tao.
Bagrat I (ბაგრატ I)		? Son of Adarnase IV of Iberia	941-945	March 945	Principality of Upper Tao	Unknown (of Klarjeti) (daughter of Ashot the Swift) one child
Ashot II (გურგენ II დიდი)		? Son of Adarnase IV of Iberia	941-954	954	Principality of Lower Tao	Unmarried	Left no descendants. After his death his lands went to Iberia.
Lower Tao annexed to the Kingdom of Iberia
Sumbat II (სუმბატ II)		? Son of David I	943-988	988	Principality of Klarjeti	Unknown one child
Adarnase IV (ადარნასე IV)		? Son of Bagrat I	945-961	961	Principality of Upper Tao	Unknown two children
Bagrat II the Simple (ბაგრატ II რეგუენი)		? Son of Sumbat I	958-994	994	Kingdom of Iberia	Unmarried	Frequently appeared as a collaborator of his relative David III of Tao, the most influential person among the Bagratids of that time, aiding him against the Rawadids of Azerbaijan.
Bagrat II (ბაგრატ II)		? Son of Adarnase IV	961-966	966	Principality of Upper Tao	Unmarried
David III the Great (დავით III დიდი)		? Son of Adarnase IV	966-1001	1001	Principality of Upper Tao	Unknown two children
David II (დავით II)		? Sons of Sumbat II	988-993	993	Principality of Klarjeti	Unmarried	Sons of Sumbat II, ruled jointly for forty days, before Bagrat's death.
Bagrat II (ბაგრატი II)			988	988	Principality of Klarjeti	Unknown two children
Sumbat III (სუმბატი III)		? Son of Bagrat II	993-1011	1011	Principality of Klarjeti	Unknown two children
Gurgen II (გურგენი II)		? Son of Bagrat II	994-1008	c.830 Nigali valley aged at least 22/23	Kingdom of Iberia	Gurandukht of Abkhazia one child
In 1008, Bagrat, who had been King of Abkhazia since 978, inherited from his father Gurgen the crown of Iberia. The two kingdoms united into what came to be known as the Kingdom of Georgia.
Bagrat III the Unifier (ბაგრატ III)		960 Kutaisi Son of Gurgen of Georgia and Gurandukht of Abkhazia Adopted son of David III	1001-1008	7 May 1014 Tao aged 53/54	Principality of Upper Tao	Martha two children	Nephew of Theodosius III of Abkhazia. United for the first time all the territory of Georgia.
			1008–1014		Kingdom of Georgia
In 1008, Upper Tao was annexed to Georgia
Bagrat III (ბაგრატ III)		? Son of Sumbat III	1011-1028	1028	Principality of Klarjeti	Unmarried	In 1028 he was imprisoned by Bagrat IV of Georgia, and died during captivity. His lands were absorbed by Georgia.
In 1028, Klarjeti was annexed to Georgia
George I (გიორგი I)		998 or 1002 Son of Bagrat III and Martha	1014–1027	16 August 1027 Mqinwarni or Itaroni aged 24/25 or 28/29	Kingdom of Georgia	Mariam of Vaspurakan c.1018 (annulled) four children Alda of Alania one child
Bagrat IV (ბაგრატ IV) (Under guardianship of Mariam of Vaspurakan (მარიამი, Մարիամ) (1027-1037))		1018 Son of George I and Mariam of Vaspurakan	1027–1072	1072 Marabda aged 53/54	Kingdom of Georgia	Helena Argyre 1032 Kutaisi no children Borena of Alania Between 1033 and 1040 three children	His mother, while regent, negotiated a peace treaty with the Byzantine Empire, and returned with the high Byzantine title of curopalates for Bagrat in 1032. Bagrat had the opposition of: Demetrius of Anacopia (დემეტრე) (1027–42) Magistros, Bagrat's half-brother, and son of Alda of Alania, had the support of his mother, the Byzantine Empire and the Liparitid clan. Prince George (გიორგი) (1050–53) Bagrat's heir, opposed to his father for a brief period.
George II (გიორგი II)		1054 Son of Bagrat IV and Borena of Alania	1072–1089 1089-1112 (nominally)	1112 aged 57/58	Kingdom of Georgia	Helena c.1070 one child	Previously opposed to his father. Unable to deal effectively with the constant Seljuk Turkish attacks and overwhelmed by internal problems in his kingdom, George was forced to abdicate in favor of his energetic son David, to whom he remained a nominal co-ruler until his death in 1112.
David IV the Builder (დავით IV აღმაშენებელი)		1073 Kutaisi Son of George II and Helena	1089–1125	24 January 1125 Tbilisi aged 51/52	Kingdom of Georgia	Rusudan of Armenia c.1090 (annulled 1107) four children? Gurandukht of the Kipchaks c.1107 four children?	Popularly considered to be the greatest and most successful Georgian ruler in history and an original architect of the Georgian Golden Age, he succeeded in driving the Seljuk Turks out of the country in 1121. His reforms enabled him to reunite the country and bring most of the lands of the Caucasus under Georgia's control.
Demetrius I (დემეტრე I)		1093 Son of David IV and Rusudan of Armenia	1125–1154 1155–1156	1156 Mtskheta aged 62/63	Kingdom of Georgia	Unknown Before 1130 four children	Also a poet. In 1154, he was forced by his own son David to abdicate and become a monk. With David's death months later, he was restored to the throne, but did not survive much longer. Demetrius had the opposition of: Prince David (დავით) (1130) Demetrius' heir, opposed to his father for a brief period. Even with the rebellion crushed, he ended up expelling his father from the throne.
David V (დავით V)		Before 1130s First son of Demetrius I	1154–1155	1155 aged at least 24/25	Kingdom of Georgia	Unknown Before 1130 at least one child	Previous opponent against his father. Forced him to abdicate, but died a few months later.
George III (გიორგი III)		Before 1130s Second son of Demetrius I	1155–1184	27 March 1184 aged at least 53/54	Kingdom of Georgia	Burdukhan of Alania c.1155 two children	His reign was part of what would be called the Georgian Golden Age – a historical period in the High Middle Ages, during which the Kingdom of Georgia reached the peak of its military power and development. However, George had the opposition of: Demetrius of Georgia (დემეტრე) (1177–78) Son of David V, had the support of the Orbeli noble family.
Tamar I the Great (თამარ მეფე)		c.1160 Daughter of George III and Burdukhan of Alania	1184–1213	18 January 1213 Agarani aged 52/53	Kingdom of Georgia	Yury Bogolyubsky c.1185 (annulled 1187) no children David Soslan 1189 two children	Co-ruler with her father since 1178. Ruled in a period of political and military successes and cultural achievements, presiding the peak of the Georgian Golden Age.
George IV the Resplendent (გიორგი IV ლაშა)		c.1191 Son of David Soslan and Queen Tamar	1213–1223	18 January 1223 Bagavan aged 31–32	Kingdom of Georgia	Unmarried	Co-ruler with his mother since 1207, continued her policy, but, at the end of his reign was defeated by a Mongol expedition.
Rusudan (რუსუდან მეფე)		1194 Daughter of David Soslan and Queen Tamar	1223–1245	1245 Tbilisi aged 50–51	Kingdom of Georgia	Ghias ad-din c.1223 (annulled 1226) two children	Period marked by Mongol invasions of Georgia. The queen was forced to accept the sovereignty of the Mongol Khan in 1242, to pay an annual tribute and to support the Mongols with a Georgian army.
David VI & I the Younger (დავით VI ნარინი)		1225 Son of Ghias ad-din and Queen Rusudan	1245–1259 (From 1248 junior co-ruler of David VII)	1293 Tbilisi aged 67–68	Kingdom of Georgia	Tamar Amanelisdze before 1254 three children Theodora Doukaina Palaiologina of Byzantium 1254 one child	Co-ruler with his mother since 1230. Forced by the Mongols to share power with his cousin David VII (1248), he rose against Mongol domination (1259), but failed, and became restrained to an eastern kingdom, named Imereti, from 1259, where he ruled alone, passing it to his descendants. As King of Imereti, developed friendly relations with the Golden Horde and Bahri dynasty of Egypt, and repulsed the Ilkhanate attacks. He also interfered in Trebizond's politics.
			1259-1293		Western Georgia
David VII the Elder (დავით VII ულუ)		1215 Illegitimate son of George IV	1248–1259 (as senior co-ruler of David VI)	1270 Tbilisi aged 54/55	Kingdom of Georgia	Jigda-Khatun before 1252 no children Altun of Alania (in bigamy, repudiated 1252) c.1249 Gvantsa Kakhaberidze (in polygamy until 1252) 1250 one child Esukan 1263 no children	Co-ruler with his cousin until 1259. Forced by the Mongols to share power with his cousin David VI (1248), he rose against Mongol domination (1262), but failed. However, his negotiation of peace made him lord of the western part of the Georgian Kingdom, which kept the original name, Georgia. A heavy burden of Mongol dominance led to a political and economic crisis in the kingdom.
			1259-1270		Eastern Georgia
Between 1259 and 1330, due to the consequences of the Mongol invasions, Imereti was ruled by distinct kings from the rest of Georgia. David VI and David VII, who had ruled together as vassals of the Mongols, now ruled distinct parts of the country. Imereti had a few more periods of independence, between 1387 and 1412 (during Timur's invasions of Georgia), and again between 1446 and 1452.
Demetrius II the Devoted (დემეტრე II თავდადებული)		1259 First son of David VII and Gvantsa Kakhaberidze	1270–1289	12 March 1289 Movakani aged 29/30	Eastern Georgia	Theodora Megala Komnene of Trebizond 1277 five children Solghar of Mongolia (in polygamy?) Before 1280 three children Natela Jaqeli (in polygamy?) 1280 one child	Criticized for his possible polygamy. Executed by the Great Khan.
Vakhtang II (ვახტანგ II)		Before 1254 First son of David VI and Tamar Amanelisdze	1289–1292	1292 aged at least 37/38	Eastern Georgia	Oljath Khan 1289 no children	Ascended in Georgia, with the consent of the Mongols.
Constantine I (კონსტანტინე I)		Before 1254 Second son of David VI and Tamar Amanelisdze	1293–1327	1327 aged at least 72/73	Western Georgia	unknown Before 1327 no children	Unlike his western counterparts, Constantine remained independent from the Ilkhanid hegemony. However, his troubled reign was marked by the opposition of his brother, Michael.
David VIII (დავით VIII)		1273 First son of Demetre II and Theodora Megala Komnene of Trebizond	1292–1302 1308-1311	1311 aged 37/38	Eastern Georgia	Oljath Khan 1291 no children Unknown, from Surameli family 1302 one child	Refused to submit to the orders of the Mongols, and between 1299 and 1308 he was declared a deposed king, as his own brothers were supported by the Mongol Khan. Albeit forced to abdicate of the throne by his brother Vakhtang, after the latter's death he was restored as king.
George V the Brilliant (გიორგი V ბრწყინვალე)		1286 or 1289 Son of Demetre II and Natela Jaqeli	1299–1302 1313-1330	1346 aged 56/57 or 59/60	Eastern Georgia	Unknown before 1346 one son	In 1299, the Ilkhanid khan Ghazan installed him as a rival ruler to George's elder brother, the rebellious Georgian King David VIII. However, George's authority did not extend beyond the Mongol-protected capital Tbilisi, so George was referred to during this period as "The Shadow King of Tbilisi". In 1302, he was replaced by his brother, Vakhtang III. After deposition, was named regent for his nephew, George VI, who died as a minor. He then re-ascended as king, reuniting Georgia in 1330. A flexible and far-sighted politician, he recovered Georgia from a century-long Mongol domination, restoring the country's previous strength and Christian culture.
			1330-1346		Kingdom of Georgia
Vakhtang III (ვახტანგ III)		1276 Second son of Demetre II and Theodora Megala Komnene of Trebizond	1302–1308	1308 aged 31/32	Eastern Georgia	Ripsime before 1308 two children
George VI the Minor (გიორგი VI მცირე) (Under guardianship of Prince George)		c.1302 Son of David VIII	1311–1313	1313 aged 10/11	Eastern Georgia	Unmarried	Under regency of his uncle, George V. Died as a minor.
Michael I (მიქელ I)		Before 1254 Third son of David VI and Tamar Amanelisdze	1327–1329	1329 aged at least 74/75	Western Georgia	unknown Before 1329 one child	Opposed his brother, Constantine I. Sought to resubjugate to the crown the great nobles and provincial dynasts who had asserted greater autonomy for themselves in the reign of Constantine I.
Bagrat I the Minor (ბაგრატ I მცირე)		Before 1329 Son of Michael I	1329–1330	1372 aged at least 42/43	Western Georgia	Unknown (a daughter of Qvarqvare II Jaqeli) 1358 three children	Still a minor, was deposed by George V.
David IX (დავით IX)		Before 1346 Son of George V	1346–1360	1360 aged at least 13–14	Kingdom of Georgia	Sindukhtar before 1360 two children	The prosperity of the kingdom did not last, as the Black Death swept through the area in 1348. In 1360, Georgia lost Armenia.
Bagrat V the Great (ბაგრატ V დიდი)		Before 1360 Son of George V	1360–1387	1393 aged at least 32/33	Kingdom of Georgia	Helena Megala Komnene of Trebizond before 1366 two children Anna Megala Komnene of Trebizond June 1366 one child	A fair and popular ruler, was imprisoned by the Golden Horde. Agreed to convert from Christianity and become Muslim.
			1387–1392		Eastern Georgia
			1392-1393		Kingdom of Georgia
Alexander I (ალექსანდრე I)		After 1358 First son of Bagrat I	1387–1389	1389 aged not more than 30/31	Kingdom of Imereti	Anna Orbeliani Before 1389 two children
George I (გიორგი I)		After 1358 Second son of Bagrat I	1389–1392	1392 aged not more than 33/34	Kingdom of Imereti	Unmarried	In 1392 Imereti is reannexed to Georgia.
George VII (გიორგი VII)		Before 1366 Son of Bagrat V and Helena Megala Komnene of Trebizond	1393–1396	1407 aged at least 40/41	Kingdom of Georgia	Unmarried	Western Georgia was lost again in 1396.
			1396–1407		Eastern Georgia
Constantine II (კონსტანტინე II)		After 1358 Second son of Bagrat I	1396–1401	1401 aged not more than 42/43	Kingdom of Imereti	Unmarried	In 1396, Constantine took advantage of George VII's continuous war with Timur—in which a great number of Imeretians died—and the death of Vameq Dadiani and returned to Imereti.
Constantine I (კონსტანტინე I)		c.1366 Son of Bagrat V and Anna Megala Komnene of Trebizond	1407–1412	1412 aged 45/46	Eastern Georgia	Natia Amirejibi c.1389 three children
Demetrius I (დემეტრე I)		Before 1389 Son of Alexander I and Anna Orbeliani	1401–1412	1445 aged at least 55/56	Kingdom of Imereti	Unknown Before 1445 no children	From 1412 accepts suzerainty from Georgia and rules as duke.
Alexander I the Great (ალექსანდრე I დიდი)		1386 Son of Constantine I and Natia Amirejibi	1412–1442	27 August 1445 or 7 March 1446 aged 58–60	Kingdom of Georgia	Dulandukht Orbeliani c.1411 three children Tamar of Imereti c.1414 three children	Regains Imereti in 1412. Despite his efforts to restore the country from the ruins left by the Turco-Mongol warlord Timur's invasions, Georgia never recovered and faced the inevitable fragmentation that was followed by a long period of stagnation. He was the last ruler of a united Georgia which was relatively free from foreign domination. Abdicated.
Demetrius III (დიმიტრი III)		1413 Son of Alexander I and Dulandukht Orbeliani	1433–1446	1453 aged 39/40	Kingdom of Georgia	Gulkhan of Imereti (d.1472) c.1450 one child	Co-ruler since 1433, ruled with his father and then his brother Vakhtang.
Vakhtang IV (ვახტანგ IV)		1413 Son of Alexander I and Dulandukht Orbeliani	1442–1446	December 1446 aged 32/33	Kingdom of Georgia	Sitikhatun Panaskerteli-Tsitsishvili c.1442 no children
George VIII (გიორგი VIII)		1417 Son of Alexander I and Tamar of Imereti	1446–1463	1476 aged 58/59	Kingdom of Georgia	Tamar 1445 five children? Nestan-Darejan 1456 five children?	In 1463 lost Imereti once more. From 1465, renounced Georgia and ruled only in Kakheti.
			1463-1466		Eastern Georgia
			1466-1476		Kingdom of Kakheti
Bagrat VI (ბაგრატ VI)		1439 Son of Prince George of Georgia and Gulkhan of Imereti	1463–1466	1478 aged 58/59	Kingdom of Imereti	Helena (d. 3 November 1510) three children	Paternal grandson of Constantine I of Georgia. In 1463 rose as King of Imereti, and in 1466 ascended in Kartli (the part George VIII renounced), reuniting it with Imereti.
			1466-1478		Kingdom of Georgia
Alexander I (ალექსანდრე I)		1445 Son of George VIII and Tamar or Nestan-Darejan	1476-1511	27 April 1511 aged 65/66	Kingdom of Kakheti	Anna Cholokashvili two children Tinatin(the same person as Anna?)	Alexander's pliancy and flexible diplomacy earned him security from the neighboring powers, only to be murdered by his own son George II "the Bad". He recognized the suzerainty of Shah Ismail I of Safavid Iran at the beginning of the 16th century.
Alexander II (ალექსანდრე II)		Before 1478 Son of Bagrat VI and Helena	1478	1 April 1510 aged at least 31/32	Kingdom of Georgia	Tamar (d. 12 March 1510) seven children	After being deposed by Constantine II, Alexander recovered Imereti after Constantine's defeat at the hands of Qvarqvare II Jaqeli, a powerful atabeg of Samtskhe, in 1483, but lost Kutaisi to Constantine again a year later. In 1488, Alexander took advantage of the Ak Koyunlu Turkoman invasion of Kartli, and seized control of Imereti.
			1488-1510		Kingdom of Imereti
Constantine II (კონსტანტინე II)		1447 Son of Demetrius III and Gulkhan of Imereti	1478-1488	1505 aged 57/58	Kingdom of Georgia	Tamar (d. 1492) 1473 eleven children	23rd and last King of the Kingdom of Georgia. Paternal grandson of Alexander I of Georgia. Early in the 1490s, he had to recognise the independence of his rival rulers of Imereti and Kakheti, and to confine his power to Kartli.
			1488-1505	Kingdom of Kartli (Remaining Georgia)
In 1490, after several decades of dynastic infighting, a national council agreed on the division of the Kingdom of Georgia into three kingdoms. The Kings of Georgia retained the largest portion of the divided kingdom which reverted to its old name of Kartli. Imereti and Kakheti emerged as the other two Bagrationi kingdoms created out of the division.
David X (დავით X)		1482 Son of Constantine II and Tamar	1505-1526	1526 aged 43/44	Kingdom of Kartli	Nestan-Darejan Baratashvili no children Tamar (d.1554) eight children	Despite the fact that Constantine had recognised the independence of the breakaway Georgian kingdoms of Imereti and Kakheti, the rivalry among these polities was to continue under David. He had to defend his kingdom against the attacks by Alexander II of Imereti and George II of Kakheti.
Bagrat III (ბაგრატ III)		23 September 1495 Son of Alexander II and Tamar	1510-1565	September 1565 aged 69/70	Kingdom of Imereti	Elena (d.1565) six children	Faced repeated assaults from the Ottoman Turks as well as conflicts with his ostensible vassal princes of Mingrelia, Guria, and Abkhazia who were frequently joining the enemy.
George II the Wicked (გიორგი II)		1464 Son of Alexander I and Dulandukht Orbeliani	1511-1513	1513 aged 48/49	Kingdom of Kakheti	Elena Irubakidze-Cholokashvili (d.1532) three children	After a failed incursion in Kartli, ended in prison, where he was soon killed.
Kakheti briefly annexed to Kartli
Leon (ლევანი)		1504 Son of George II and Elena Irubakidze-Cholokashvili	1520-1574	1574 aged 69/70	Kingdom of Kakheti	Tinatin Gurieli (annulled 1529) two children Unknown (daughter of Kamal Kara-Musel, Shamkhal of Tarku) fourteen children	Restored the kingdom of Kakheti and presided over the most prosperous and peaceful period in its history.
George IX (გიორგი IX)		? Son of David X and Tamar Jaqeli	1525-1527	1539	Kingdom of Kartli	Unmarried	Abdicated to his brother
Luarsab I (ლუარსაბ I)		1502 or 1509 Son of David X and Tamar Jaqeli	1527-1556/58	1556 or 1558 Garisi aged 47–56	Kingdom of Kartli	Tamar of Imereti eight children	Persistent in his resistance against Safavid Persian aggression, he was killed in the Battle of Garisi.
Simon I the Great (სიმონ I დიდი)		1537 Son of Luarsab I and Tamar of Imereti	1556-1569 1578-1599	1611 Constantinople aged 73/74	Kingdom of Kartli	Nestan-Darejan of Kakheti one child	His first tenure was marked by war against the Persian domination of Georgia. In 1569 he was captured by the Persians, and spent nine years in captivity. In 1578 he was released and reinstalled in Kartli. During this period (i.e. his second tenure), he fought as a Persian subject against the Ottoman domination of Georgia. In 1599 Simon I was captured by the Ottomans and died in captivity.
George II (გიორგი II)		Before 1510 Son of Bagrat III and Elena	1565-1585	1585 aged at least 74/75	Kingdom of Imereti	Unknown one child Rusudan Shervashidze (d.1578) two children Tamar Diasamidze three children	With his ascend to the throne, George found himself involved in the civil war among his vassals.
David XI Dāwūd Khan II (დავით XI, داود خان, დაუთ-ხანი)		After 1537 Son of Luarsab I and Tamar of Imereti	1569-1578	c.1579 Constantinople aged less than 41/42	Kingdom of Kartli	Elene (relative of Alexander II of Kakheti) four children	A convert to Islam, he was appointed as Khan of Kartli by the Persian Shah Tahmasp I from 1562 (effectively from 1569) to 1578.
Alexander II (ალექსანდრე II)		1527 Son of Leon and Tinatin Gurieli	1574-1601 1602-1605	12 March 1605 Dzegami aged 77/78	Kingdom of Kakheti	Tinatin Amilakhvari	In spite of a precarious international situation, he managed to retain relative economic stability in his kingdom and tried to establish contacts with the Tsardom of Russia. In October 1601, Alexander's son, David, revolted from the royal authority and seized the crown, forcing his father to retire to a monastery. David would die a year later, on October 2, 1602, and Alexander was able to resume the throne. Alexander fell victim to the Iran-sponsored coup led by his other son, Constantine.
Leon (ლევანი)		1573 Son of George II and Rusudan Shervashidze	1585-1588	1590 aged 17/18	Kingdom of Imereti	Marekhi Dadiani no children	With his ascend to the throne, Leon faced a revolt by his own uncle, Constantine, who defied the royal authority and took control of Upper Imereti. Leon made an alliance with the Mingrelian prince Mamia IV Dadiani, and forced Constantine to surrender in 1587. He then would also face the hostilities of Simon I of Kartli and his own brother-in-law, who deposed him.
Rostom (როსტომი)		1571 (Illegitimate?) Son of Prince Constantine	1588-1589 1590-1605	1605 aged 33/34	Kingdom of Imereti	Unmarried	Rostom was son of the rebellious prince Constantine, he was raised to the throne with support of Mamia IV Dadiani, who deposed Leon. Rostom's authority was defied, however, by his vassal Giorgi II Gurieli, who employed an Ottoman force to dethrone the king in favor of Bagrat IV, paternal grandson of Bagrat III. After Rostom fled to Mingrelia, Simon I of Kartli deposed Bagrat and brought most of Imereti under his control. Manuchar I Dadiani rejected Simon's ultimatum, moved into Imereti, defeated the invaders and reinstated Rostom as king. However, the authority started to be held by an aristocratic élite, notably by the prince of Mingrelia.
Bagrat IV (ბაგრატ IV)		1565 Son of Prince Teimuraz	1589-1590	After 1590 aged at least 24/25	Kingdom of Imereti
George X (გიორგი X)		1561 Tbilisi Son of Simon I and Nestan-Darejan of Kakheti	1599-1606	7 September 1606 Constantinople aged 44/45	Kingdom of Kartli	Mariam/Tamar Lipartiani (d.1614) 15 September 1578 five children	Fought alongside his father against the Ottoman occupation forces since 1598. Held power after Simon was taken captive by the Turks at the Battle of Nakhiduri in 1599. George attempted several times, though vainly, to ransom his father (who would die as a prisoner in 1612) from captivity and even offered to the Sublime Porte his son as hostage. Supported the Persians against the Ottomans. He was also the first king of Kartli who attempted to establish diplomatic ties with the northern co-religionist power of Muscovy. George decided even to give his daughter Elene to the Czar Boris Godunov in marriage. However, unstable political situation in both countries terminated these contacts.
David I (დავით I)		1569 Gremi Son of Alexander II and Tinatin Amilakhvari	1601-1602	21 October 1602 Gremi aged 31/32	Kingdom of Kakheti	Ketevan of Mukhrani the Martyr 1581 four children	In mid-1601, he capitalized on the illness of his father and gained an effective control of the government. However, died a year later. His father then recovered the throne.
Constantine I Kustandil Khan (კონსტანტინე I, کنستانتین خان‎, კონსტანტინე ხანი)		1567 Son of Alexander II and Tinatin Amilakhvari	1605	22 October 1605 aged 33/34	Kingdom of Kakheti	Unknown (a granddaughter of Alexander II)	His subjects refused to recognize a patricide (he murdered Alexander II) and revolted. The rebellion was led by Constantine's sister-in-law, the widow Ketevan, who requested aid from George X of Kartli. Constantine bribed some of the rebel nobles, but in the end had to flee. The rebels sent emissaries to Abbas I of Persia and pledged loyalty, provided that Abbas confirmed their candidate, Ketevan's son Teimuraz, as a Christian king of Kakheti.
George III (გიორგი III)		Before 1605 Son of Prince Constantine and Elena Gurieli	1605-1639	1639 aged at least 33/34	Kingdom of Imereti	Tamar (d.1639) no children	His authority was seriously challenged by the energetic prince of Mingrelia, Levan II Dadiani, whose increasing influence over the western Georgian polities George tried to restrict without any success.
Teimuraz I (თეიმურაზ I) (Under guardianship of Ketevan of Mukhrani (ქეთევან წამებული) (1605-1614))		1589 Son of David I and Ketevan of Mukhrani	1605-1648	1661 Gorgan aged 71/72	Kingdom of Kakheti	Anna Gurieli c.1605 three children Khorashan of Kartli 1612 two children	An admirer of Persian poetry, Teimuraz translated into Georgian several Persian love stories and transformed the personal experiences of his reign into a series of original poems influenced by the contemporary Persian tradition. From 1614 on, he waged a five-decade long struggle against the Safavid Iranian domination of Georgia in the course of which he lost several members of his family. That's why he was deposed twice by the Persians (1616–25, 1633–34), during which years Kakheti was under Persian governorship. Teimuraz ended up his life as the shah's prisoner at Astarabad at the age of 74.
Kakheti briefly annexed to Kartli and then to Persia
Luarsab II the Holy Martyr (ლუარსაბ II) (Under guardianship of Shadiman Baratashvili (შადიმან ბარათაშვილი) (1606-1610))		1592 Tbilisi Son of George X and Mariam/Tamar Lipartiani	1606-1615	1 July 1615 Shiraz aged 22/23	Kingdom of Kartli	Makrine Saakadze no children	He is known for his martyr's death at the hands of the Persian shah Abbas I. The Georgian Orthodox Church regards him as saint and marks his memory on the day of his death, July 1.
Bagrat VII Bagrat Khan (ლუარსაბ II)		1569 Son of David XI and Elene	1615-1619	1619 aged 49/50	Kingdom of Kartli	Anna of Kakheti two children	Installed by Abbas I as a puppet king/khan in Kartli on the deposition of his cousin, Luarsab II. He exercised only a limited power confined to Lower Kartli and largely relied on Persian forces. Considered as a renegade, he was disgusted by most of the kingdom's population and, in spite of the Persian presence, he was unable to control even seemingly loyal nobility.
Simon II Semayun Khan (სიმონ II) (Under regency of Giorgi Saakadze (გიორგი სააკაძე) (1619-1625))		c.1610 Son of Bagrat VII and Anna of Kakheti	1619-1630	1630 aged around 19/20	Kingdom of Kartli	Jahan Banu Begum one child	Largely unpopular with his Christian subjects, Simon's "khanate" never stretched beyond Tbilisi and the Lower Kartli province, where the districts of Somkhiti and Sabaratiano were occupied by Persian forces.
Kartli briefly annexed to Kakheti
Rostom Rustam Khan (როსტომი, როსტომ ხანი)		1565 Son of David XI and Elena	1633-1658	1658 aged 92/93	Kingdom of Kartli	Ketevan Abashishvili 1635 no children Mariam Dadiani 1638 no children	Took control of Kartli and garrisoned all major fortresses with Persian forces, bringing them under his tight control. His willingness to cooperate with his suzerain won for Kartli a larger degree of autonomy. A period of relative peace and prosperity ensued, with the cities and towns being revived, many deserted areas repopulated and commerce flourished. Although Muslim, Rostom patronised Christian culture, albeit Islam and Persian habits predominating at his court. He ruthlessly crushed an opposition of local nobles.
Alexander III (ალექსანდრე III)		1609 Son of George III and Tamar	1639-1660	1 March 1660 aged 50/51	Kingdom of Imereti	Tamar Gurieli 1618 (annulled 1620) three children Nestan-Darejan of Kakheti 1629 no children	Most of his reign was spent in the struggle against the powerful prince of Mingrelia, Levan II Dadiani, who refused to acknowledge the king of Imereti as his overlord, and aspired to displace him from his throne.
Vakhtang V Shah-Nawaz Khan (ვახტანგ V)		1618 Son of Teimuraz I, Prince of Mukhrani and Anna Eristavi Adopted son of Rostom	1658-1675	September 1675 aged 56/57	Kingdom of Kartli	Rodam Kaplanishvili-Orbeliani (annulled 1658) ten children Mariam Dadiani 1658 no children	Originally great-great-grandson of Constantine II of Georgia, he came from the Mukhrani line, being adopted by his predecessor Rostom to succeed him. Followed the policy of his predecessor, managing to maintain a peaceful relationship with his Persian suzerains and to revive the economy of Kartli. Made efforts to bring other Georgian polities under his control. Intervened in Imereti's bitter power struggles.
Bagrat V (ბაგრატ V)		1620 Son of Alexander III and Tamar Gurieli	1660 1664-1668 1668-1678 1679-1681	1681 aged 60/61	Kingdom of Imereti	Ketevan of Kakheti (annulled 1661) no children Tatia of Mukhrani (annulled 1663) no children Tamar of Mukhrani four children	With his reign began a period of dynastic troubles in Imereti, marked by extreme instability and feudal anarchy in the kingdom: Some nobles, who already had power, try to ascend as kings.
Vakhtang Tchutchunashvili (ვახტანგ ჭუჭუნაშვილი)		?	1660-1661 1668	1668	Kingdom of Imereti	Unmarried	Non-dynastic. Lover of queen Nestan-Darejan of Kakheti, who blinded her stepson Bagrat V in 1660.
Archil (არჩილი)		1647 Son of Vakhtang V of Kartli and Rodam Kaplanishvili-Orbeliani	1661-1663	16 April 1713 Moscow aged 65/66	Kingdom of Imereti	Unknown (daughter of Prince Nodar Tsitsishvili) no children Ketevan of Kakheti 1668 four children	Restored the independence of Kakheti from Persia. After a series of unsuccessful attempts to establish himself on the throne of Imereti, Archil retired to Russia where he spearheaded the cultural life of a local Georgian community. He was also a lyric poet.
			1664-1675		Kingdom of Kakheti
			1678-1679 1690-1691 1695-1696 1698-1699		Kingdom of Imereti
Demetrius Gurieli (დემეტრე გურიელი)		? Son of Simon I Gurieli	1663-1664	1668	Kingdom of Imereti	Unmarried	Non-dynastic. Also Prince of Guria 1658–1668. In 1664, the Imeretians deposed and blinded him, and restored Bagrat V.
George XI Gurgin Khan (გიორგი XI)		1651 Son of Vakhtang V of Kartli and Rodam Kaplanishvili-Orbeliani	1675-1688 1703-1709	21 April 1709 Kandahar aged 57/58	Kingdom of Kartli	Tamar Davitishvili (d.4 December 1683) 1676 two children Khoreshan Mikeladze (d.24 February 1695) 1687 Kojori one child	He is best known for his struggle against the Safavids which dominated his weakened kingdom and later as a Safavid commander-in-chief in what is now Afghanistan. Being an Eastern Orthodox Christian, he converted to Shia Islam prior to his appointment as governor of Kandahar.
Heraclius I Eregli Khan Nazar Ali Khan (ერეკლე I, ارگلی خان, ნაზარალი-ხანი, نظر علی خان‎)		1642 Son of Prince David of Kakheti and Elene Diasamidze	1675-1676	21 April 1709 Isfahan aged 66/67	Kingdom of Kakheti	Anna Cholokashvili	Grandson of Teimuraz I of Kakheti. Raised in Russia, where he was known as Nikolai Davidovich. In 1662, he returned to take the vacant throne of Kakheti, but was defeated by prince Archil who had Iranian support. However, he managed to take Kakheti when Archil, conflicted with the Persian Empire, left the kingdom. With the annexation of his kingdom to Persia, and George XI of artli deposed, Heraclius was appointed the new king of Kartli. George XI returned to his throne in 1703 and, despite having also his kingdom restored, Heraclius never returned to it.
			1688-1703		Kingdom of Kartli
			1703-1709		Kingdom of Kakheti
Between 1676 and 1703, Kakheti was annexed to Persia
George IV Gurieli (გიორგი III გურიელი)		? Son of Kaikhosro I Gurieli and Khvaramze Goshadze	1681-1683	1684	Kingdom of Imereti	Tamar Chijavadze 1667 annulled 1677) five children Darejan of Imereti c.1677 no children Tamar of Mukhrani 1681 no children	Non-dynastic. Also Prince of Guria 1658–1668. Married Darejan, daughter of Bagrat V, and then his mother-in-law. He was energetically involved in civil wars in western Georgian polities, which he sought to bring under his sway. He was killed in battle while trying to recover the lost throne of Imereti.
Alexander IV (ალექსანდრე IV)		Before 1681 Illegitimate son of Bagrat V	1683-1691 1691-1695	1695 aged at least 13/14	Kingdom of Imereti	Tamar Abashidze 1691 four children	George XI of Kartli and the Imeretian nobles secured the Ottoman recognition for Alexander, who was enthroned in Imereti after deposing the Gurieli prince in 1683. Alexander transferred his loyalty to the Safavid shah Suleiman I of Persia in 1689, but was expelled by the Turks into Kartli in August 1690. In 1691, through the mediation of Erekle I of Kartli and the Persian government, Alexander was restored in Imereti after a year of anarchy and misrule.
George V Gochia (გიორგი V გოჩია)		? A relative of the Bagrationi dynasty	1696-1698	1695 aged at least 13/14	Kingdom of Imereti	Tamar Abashidze 1696 no children	Put on the throne by Giorgi-Malakia Abashidze, George ruled virtually, under his powerful benefactor.
Simon (სიმონი)		? Illegitimate son of Alexander IV	1699-1701	1701	Kingdom of Imereti	Anika Abashidze 1699 no children	Brought up in the court of Erekle I of Kartli. Expelled by Giorgi-Malakia Abashidze and his daughter Tamar (widow of Alexander IV).
Mamia Gurieli the Great მამია III გურიელი დიდი)		? Son of George IV and Tamar Chijavadze	1701-1702 1711-1712 1713-1714	5 January 1714	Kingdom of Imereti	Elena Abashidze 1698 (annulled 1711) seven children Tamar of Racha (d.1716) no children	Non-dynastic. Also Prince of Guria 1689–1714. Involved in civil wars plaguing in Imereti, he became the kingdom's ruler three times. After his first reign as king for a year, he abdicated, being unable to tolerate the influence of his father-in-law Giorgi-Malakia Abashidze. Subsequent periods of his royal career was the result of a feud with George VII of Imereti. Mamia died while still sitting on the throne of Imereti, which then reverted to his rival.
George VI-Malakia Abashidze (გიორგი-მალაქია აბაშიძე)		? Son of Paata Abashidze	1702-1707	15 October 1722 Tbilisi	Kingdom of Imereti	Unknown seven children	After controlling many kings behind the curtain, Giorgi-Malakia made his way to the throne, but ended up deposed by a revolt of the nobles.
George VII (გიორგი VII)		1670 Illegitimate son of Alexander IV	1707-1711 1712-1713 1713-1716 1719-1720 1707-1711	22 February 1720 Kutaisi aged 49/50	Kingdom of Imereti	Rodam of Kartli 1703 (annulled 1712) five children Tamar Abashidze c.1712 (annulled 1713) no children Tamar of Racha c.1713 no children Tamar Gurieli (d.1742) 1716 three children	With the approval of the Ottoman government, a rightful king of Imereti by the loyal party of nobles in 1702, though it was not until 1707 that he was able to wrest the crown from the usurper Giorgi-Malakia Abashidze (George VI). Entered in a feud with Mamia Gurieli for the throne.
Kaikhosro (ქაიხოსრო)		1 January 1674 Tbilisi Son of Prince Levan and Tuta Gurieli	1709-1711	27 September 1711 Kandahar aged 37	Kingdom of Kartli	Ketevan (d.Moscow, 3 May 1730) four children	Paternal grandson of Vakhtang V. He reigned in absentia since he served during the whole of this period as a Persian commander-in-chief in what is now Afghanistan.
David II Imām Qulī Khān (დავით II, امام قلی خان, იმამყული-ხანი‎)		1678 Isfahan Son of Heraclius I and Anna Cholokashvili	1709-1722	2 November 1722 Magharo aged 44/45	Kingdom of Kakheti	Unknown (daughter of the shamkhal of Tarki) no children Yatri Jahan-Begum three children	Although a Muslim and a loyal vassal of the Safavid dynasty of Iran, he failed to ensure his kingdom's security and most of his reign was marked by Lekianoba - incessant inroads by the Dagestani mountainous clansmen.
Interregnum: 1711-1714 (Under regency of Prince Vakhtang)
Jesse Ali-Quli Khan Mustafa Pasha (იესე)		1680 Tbilisi Son of Prince Levan and Tuta Gurieli	1714-1716 1724-1727	1727 Tbilisi aged 57/58	Kingdom of Kartli	Mariam Qaplanishvili-Orbeliani 1712 Elene-Begum of Kakheti 1715 eleven children	Paternal grandson of Vakhtang V. He proved to be incompetent and addicted to alcohol. Unable to maintain order in his possessions, he was replaced, in June 1716, with a brother, Vakhtang, who had finally agreed to renounce Christianity. After Ottoman invasion in Georgia that led to Vakhtang's escape, Jesse could return to the throne. After his death, the kingdom was abolished and united with Kakheti.
Vakhtang VI the Scholar Ḥosaynqolī Khan (ვახტანგ VI, حسین‌قلی خان)		15 September 1674 Tbilisi Son of Prince Levan and Tuta Gurieli	1716-1724	26 March 1737 Astrakhan aged 61	Kingdom of Kartli	Rusudan of Circassia 1696 five children	One of the most important and extraordinary statesman of early 18th-century Georgia, he is known as a notable legislator, scholar, critic, translator and poet. His reign was eventually terminated by the Ottoman invasion following the disintegration of Safavid Persia, which forced Vakhtang into exile in the Russian Empire.
In 1727, the kingdom of Kartli was annexed to the Ottoman Empire, then to Persia (1735), and finally merged in Kakheti in 1744
George VIII Gurieli (გიორგი IV გურიელი)		? Son of Mamia and Khvaramze Goshadze	1720	1726	Kingdom of Imereti	Elena-Mariam Abashidze (annulled 1717) two children Khvaramze Dadiani no children	Non-dynastic. Also Prince of Guria 1714–1726. Seized the crown of Imereti, but was forced to abandon the enterprise later that year. Returning to Guria, his rule was challenged by a faction of local nobility, which included his mother Elene and brother Kaikhosro III Gurieli.
Alexander V (ალექსანდრე V)		1703 Kutaisi Son of George VII and Rodam of Kartli	1720-1741 1741-1746 1746-1749	March 1752 Kutaisi aged 49/50	Kingdom of Imereti	Mariam Dadiani (d.1731) 1721 three children Tamar Abashidze (d.1772) 1732 five children	Brought up at the court of Vakhtang VI of Kartli and enjoyed his support in the power struggle in Imereti. After visiting Istanbul, in August 1719 he returned with a detachment of Turkish auxiliaries, deposed George VIII Gurieli in June 1720, and was crowned king of Imereti.
Constantine II Mahmād Qulī Khān (კონსტანტინე II მაჰმად ყული-ხანი)		? Isfahan Illegitimate son of Heraclius I	1722-1732	28 December 1732 Telavi	Kingdom of Kakheti	Perejan-Begum one child	He frequently feuded with his western neighbor and kinsman, Vakhtang VI of Kartli, who was declared by the Persian government deposed in 1723.
Teimuraz II (თეიმურაზ II)		7 November 1700 Tbilisi Son of Constantine II and Perejan-Begum	1732-1744	8 January 1762 Saint Petersburg aged 61	Kingdom of Kakheti	Tamar Eristavi (annulled 1711) no children Tamar II 2 February 1712 four children Ana-Khanum Baratashvili 19 August 1746 two children	In 1735, fomented unrest against the Persian rule, but was captured in 1736. Part of Georgian nobles staged a powerful rebellion against the Persian regime, and the shah releases Teimuraz to suppress the opposition. In 1744, Teimuraz was confirmed by the shah as king of Kartli, and his son Erekle was given a Kakhetian crown, laying the ground for the eventual reunification of the Georgian kingdoms. They were recognised as Christian kings for the first time since 1632, and crowned as so. With their power growing increasingly stronger, Teimuraz and Erekle soon repudiated their allegiance to the Persian suzerain.
			1744-1762 (with Tamar II until 1746)		Kingdom of Kartli
The process of unification of Kartli and Kakheti was initiated in 1744, when Teimuraz II of Kakheti was confirmed as King of Kartli by the Persians, and left Kakheti to his son Heraclius II. It was fulfilled in 1762, when Teimuraz II died, and Heraclius joined the two crowns. The Russian southward expansion would however cut short this evolution; Kartli-Kakheti became a Russian protectorate in 1783 by the Treaty of Georgievsk, and was annexed in 1801 following the death of George XII. Imereti kept its independence a few years longer, until 1810.
George IX (გიორგი IX)		1718 Kutaisi Son of George VII and Tamar Gurieli	1741	1778 Kutaisi aged 59/60	Kingdom of Imereti	Mzekhatun Lipartiani five children	After his brother Alexander V was ousted in the Ottoman-sponsored coup of 1741, he was enthroned in Imereti, but was deposed in the same year.
Tamar II (თამარი II)		1696 Daughter of Vakhtang VI and Rusudan of Circassia	1744-1746 (with Teimuraz II)	12 April 1746 Kutaisi aged 59/60	Kingdom of Kartli	Teimuraz II 2 February 1712 four children	From 1744 until her death in 1746, Tamar was a co-regnant with her husband in Kartli, while their son, Heraclius, began his lengthy reign in Kakheti.
Heraclius II (ერეკლე II)		7 November 1720 Telavi Son of Teimuraz II and Tamar of Kartli	1744-1762 1762-1798	11 January 1798 Telavi aged 77	Kingdom of Kakheti Kingdom of Kakheti and Kartli	Ketevan Pkheidze 1740 two children Anna Abashidze 1745 three children Darejan Dadiani 1750 twenty-three children	Merged definitely Kartli with Kakheti after his father's death. His reign is regarded as the swan song of the Georgian monarchy. Aided by his personal abilities and the unrest in the Persian Empire, Heraclius established himself as a de facto autonomous ruler, unified eastern Georgia politically for the first time in three centuries, and attempted to modernize the government, economics, and military. Overwhelmed by the internal and external menaces to Georgia's precarious independence, he placed his kingdom under the formal Russian protection in 1783, but the move didn't prevent the invasion of Georgia from being devastated by the Persian invasion in 1795.
Mamuka (მამუკა)		c.1710 Kutaisi Son of George VII and Tamar Gurieli	1746-1749	1769 Kutaisi aged 58/59	Kingdom of Imereti	Darejan Dadiani 1732 two children	Installed as rival king to his brother Alexander, with the support of Otia Dadiani, Prince of Mingrelia, Zurab Abashidze and Grigol, Duke of Racha.
Solomon I the Great (სოლომონ I დიდი)		1735 Kutaisi Son of Alexander V and Tamar Abashidze	1752-1766 1768-1784	23 April 1784 Kutaisi aged 48/49	Kingdom of Imereti	Tinatin Shervashidze one child Mariam Dadiani (d.1778) three children Gulkan Tsulukidze (1730–1800) no children	Installed as rival king to his brother Alexander, with the support of Otia Dadiani, Prince of Mingrelia, Zurab Abashidze and Grigol, Duke of Racha.
Teimuraz (თეიმურაზი)		? Kutaisi Son of Mamuka and Darejan Dadiani	1766-1768	1772 Kutaisi	Kingdom of Imereti	Unknown (daughter of Rostom, Duke of Racha) no children	Ruled under the Turkish protection, but Solomon regained the throne with Russian support in 1768.
David II (დავით II)		1756 Kutaisi Son of George VII and Tamar Gurieli	1784-1789 1790-1791	11 January 1795 Akhaltsikhe aged 38/39	Kingdom of Imereti	Ana Orbeliani c.1780 four children	After the death of his cousin, King Solomon I, he became a regent but prevented the rival princes David (the future king Solomon II) and George from being crowned. With the support of Katsia II Dadiani, prince of Mingrelia, he seized the throne and proclaimed himself king on May 4, 1784.
Solomon II (სოლომონ II)		1772 Kutaisi Son of Prince Archil and Princess Elene of Georgia	1789-1790 1791-1810	7 February 1815 Trabzon aged 42/43	Kingdom of Imereti	Anna Orbeliani 1787 no children Mariam Dadiani 1791 no children	Grandson of Alexander V. Initially prevented of the succession by his regent, he managed to overthrow him twice. Ruled under threat of Russian annexation, made even more present after the Kakheti-Kartli conquest in 1800. The menace became an official act with his deposition by the Imperial Russian government in 1810.
George XII (გიორგი XII)		10 November 1746 Telavi Son of Heraclius II and Anna Abashidze	1798-1800	28 December 1800 Tbilisi aged 54	Kingdom of Kakheti and Kartli	Ketevan Andronikashvili 1766 twelve children Mariam Tsitsishvili 13 July 1783 eleven children	His brief reign in the closing years of the 18th century was marked by significant political instability, which implied the near certainty of a civil strife and a Persian invasion. Weakened by poor health and overwhelmed by problems in his realm, George renewed a request of protection from Tsar Paul I of Russia. After his death, Imperial Russia took advantage of the moment and moved to annex the Georgian kingdoms, while sending the remnants of the Georgian royal family into forced exile in Russia.

Many members of the Bagrationi dynasty were forced to flee the country and live in exile after the Red Army took control of the short-lived Democratic Republic of Georgia in 1921 and installed the Georgian Communist Party. Since Georgia regained independence in 1990 the dynasty have raised their profile, and in 2008 the two rival branches were united in marriage.

Timeline of Georgian monarchs

See also

• History of Georgia (country)
• Monarchism in Georgia

Notes and references