Komando Jihad (English: Jihad Commando) was an Indonesian Islamic extremist group that existed from the 1970s until it was dissolved through the actions of the security services in the mid-1980s.[1] The group's foundation was an offshoot of Darul Islam, an extremist group fighting for an Indonesian Islamic state that began in the 1940s.[1] The group split from DI with the support of the Indonesian secret services, BAKIN.[2]
Damien Kingsbury has written allegation that the group was set up by Kopassus, the Indonesian Army special forces.[3] In 2020, Tempo Data and Analysis Center, released their investigation report after collecting the sources from that time, confirming part of the story was true, although the formation was actually much like inadvertent.[4]
History
editFormation
editKomando Jihad was formed around 1970s. Based on the record, it already existed around 1975 under the name of Indonesian Islamic Revolutionary Board (Indonesian: Dewan Revolusi Islam Indonesia, DRII) an anti-Suharto underground Islamic resistance movement by Imran bin Muhammad Zein. In the letter to Ruhollah Khomeini supposed to be sent after Iranian Revolution, Imran congratulated him about the successful revolution, and claimed founding DRII with the assistance of some officers of the Indonesian Army.[4] The goal of the group was founding Islamic State of Indonesia and toppling communism.[5]
In another side, Admiral Sudomo, Commander of Kopkamtib revealed in aftermath of the hijack of the Garuda Indonesia Flight 206 to the ulamas that in early 1970s, the government actually fostered some Darul Islam veterans under government wing under Indonesian state intelligence agency at that time, Intelligence Coordinating Agency (Indonesian: Badan Koordinasi Intelijen, Bakin, predecessor of the current Indonesian State Intelligence Agency) for providing mass base for the ruling government to prepare the 1971 election. However, the plan apparently backfired, as some of the veterans later returned to jihadism and Islamic extremism and sided against Suharto. Formation of DRII and the later Komando Jihad, were unexpected and not anticipated by the government. Sudomo said that their transformation into DRII and Komando Jihad is beyond the Bakin's knowledge and claimed it was out-of-hands situation.[4]
Hijack of Garuda Indonesia Flight 206
editOn 28 March 1981, five members of Komando Jihad boarded a Garuda Douglas DC-9 on a domestic flight from Palembang to Medan and took it and the 57 passengers aboard to Bangkok, Thailand.[6] They were armed with machine guns and dynamite, and demanded the release of 20 political prisoners, that all "Jew officials and Israeli militarists" be expelled from Indonesia, and that they be given $1.5 million. After four days, Indonesian commandos stormed the plane, killing three out of the five hijackers and the plane's pilot. Two of the hijackers surrendered to Thai commandos, but they were extrajudicially killed by the Kopassus commandos on the plane trip back to Jakarta.[7]
It was the first plane hijacking event in the history of the Republic of Indonesia Airline and the first jihad motivated terrorism in Indonesia.[8]
References
edit- ^ a b Terrorist Organization Profile – START – National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism
- ^ No Man's Land: Globalization, Territory, and Clandestine Groups in Southeast Asia, p. 24
- ^ Kingsbury, D, We must not get back in bed with Kopassus, The Age, August 14, 2003
- ^ a b c Pusat Data dan Analisis Tempo (2020). Sejarah Awal ABRI Mendekat Kelompok Islam (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Tempo Publishing. ISBN 9786232627871.
- ^ Muqoddas, M. Busyro (2011). Hegemoni Rezim Intelijen; Sisi Gelap Peradilan Kasus Komando Jihad (in Indonesian). Yogyakarta: Pusat Studi Hak Asasi Manusia Universitas Islam Indonesia. ISBN 9789791097840.
- ^ Soeharto's Komando Jihad chickens come home to roost - smh.com.au
- ^ Conboy, Kenneth J. (2003). Kopassus : Inside Indonesia's Special Forces (1st Equinox ed. 2003 ed.). Jakarta: Equinox Pub. pp. 280–289. ISBN 978-9799589880. OCLC 51242376.
- ^ "Woyla, Terorisme Pertama di Indonesia". okezone.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 16 January 2016.
Peristiwa pembajakan pesawat Garuda DC-9 Woyla jurusan Palembang-Medan pada tanggal 28 Maret 1981, menjadi "Jihad" pertama bagi para pelaku terorisme di Indonesia.
