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July 1960

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The following events occurred in July 1960:

July 4, 1960: The 50-star U.S. flag becomes official
July 1, 1960: Kwame Nkrumah becomes President of newly independent Ghana
July 12, 1960: The Etch A Sketch toy introduced

July 1, 1960 (Friday)

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  • The Belgian Congo became independent with the name République du Congo (Republic of Congo), the same name that the former French Congo had assumed in 1958. To prevent confusion while acknowledging their independence, the two nations would be distinguished in the press by their national capitals, with the former Belgian colony being called "Congo-Leopoldville" and its neighbor "Congo-Brazzaville". In 1964, Congo-Leopoldville was officially given its current name, "République démocratique du Congo" (Democratic Republic of Congo).
  • Italian Somaliland gained its independence from Italy, five days after British Somaliland, and merged into the Somali Republic. Aden Abdullah Othman, leader of the Italian Somaliland legislature, was elected president, and Abdirashid Ali Shermake became prime minister.[1]
  • A Soviet MiG fighter north of Murmansk in the Barents Sea shot down a 6-man RB-47. Two United States Air Force officers, First Lts. John R. McKone and Freeman B. Olmstead, survived and were imprisoned in Moscow's Lubyanka prison. The pilot, Major Willard Palm, was killed and his body recovered. The Soviets announced the capture of the men ten days later.[2] The men were finally released on January 25, 1961. The fate of the other three crewmen was not revealed by the Soviet Union.
 
July 1, 1960: Transfer ceremony at Marshall Space Flight Center

July 2, 1960 (Saturday)

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  • Former U.S. President Harry S. Truman said at a news conference in Independence, Missouri, that Democratic Party frontrunner John F. Kennedy lacked the maturity to be president, and that Kennedy should decline the nomination. Kennedy responded two days later, saying "I have encountered and survived every kind of hazard and opposition, and I do not intend to withdraw my name now, on the eve of the convention."[7]
  • A riot broke out during the Newport Jazz Festival in Newport, Rhode Island, after a crowd of about 3,000 people, mostly white, were angry about a lack of seating for the concerts. Order was not restored until three companies of the state National Guard were sent in.[8]
  • Born: Joanna Helbin, Polish archer; in Prudnik[9]

July 3, 1960 (Sunday)

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July 4, 1960 (Monday)

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  • For the first time, a 50-star flag of the United States was hoisted, raised at 12:01 a.m. (EDT), at the Fort McHenry National Monument in Baltimore, and at the U.S. Capitol in Washington. At the time, there were only seven places in the United States where the national flag was permitted to be flown during hours of darkness.[13]

July 5, 1960 (Tuesday)

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July 6, 1960 (Wednesday)

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July 7, 1960 (Thursday)

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  • In one of the most shocking cases in the history of Australia, 8-year-old Graeme Thorne was kidnapped and murdered by Stephen Bradley. He demanded a ransom of £25,000 after his parents, Bazil and Freda, won in a lottery over a month prior.[19][20] On August 16, nearly six weeks after the kidnapping, Sydney police would discover Thorne's body wrapped around a blue tartan picnic blanket and tied with string. On October 10, Bradley was captured by two Sydney policemen, Sergeants Brian Doyle and Jack Bateman, who were waiting for him on the SS Himalaya while it was docked at Colombo, Ceylon. He was extradited back to Australia where he was sentenced to penal servitude for life. Bradley would later die of a heart attack in 1968 in the Goulburn Correctional Centre while playing in a gaol tennis competition.[21]
  • The Antarctica Service Medal was established by the United States Congress under Public Law 600 of the 86th Congress.[22]
  • Police fired on a crowd of Italian demonstrators in Reggio Emilia, killing five people and injuring 30.[23]

July 8, 1960 (Friday)

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July 9, 1960 (Saturday)

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  • Rodger Woodward, a seven-year-old boy, became the first person known to survive an accidental plunge over Niagara Falls. Roger had been a passenger in a boat on the Niagara River when the outboard motor failed. He fell 165 feet (50 m) over the Falls, but sustained only minor bruises and a cut, and was released from a hospital two days later.[27]
  • The nuclear submarine USS Thresher was launched. It would be lost in 1963.[28]
  • Major General Leighton I. Davis was appointed Department of Defense representative for Project Mercury support, replacing Major General Donald N. Yates.[29]
  • As the Congo Crisis continued, the Belgian national airline Sabena began airlifting Belgian citizens out of the Congo. Over the next three weeks, 25,711 flew home.[30]

July 10, 1960 (Sunday)

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July 11, 1960 (Monday)

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Flag of Katanga

July 12, 1960 (Tuesday)

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July 13, 1960 (Wednesday)

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  • Khieu Samphan, editor of the Phnom Penh newspaper L'Observatueur, was arrested and beaten by ten members of Cambodia's security police. As one author would note later, "There is no telling how many people later paid with their lives for this insult." Samphan would later help found the Communist Khmer Rouge and, 15 years later as the leader of the revolutionary government, would oversee a program of genocide in Cambodia.[40]
  • U.S. Senator John F. Kennedy won his party's nomination for president on the first ballot at the Democratic National Convention in Los Angeles, but not until Wyoming's 15 delegates gave him the 2⁄3 majority. With 761 votes needed, Kennedy got 806, while Lyndon Johnson received 409.[41]
  • The Pilkington Committee on Broadcasting was set up in the UK to review the state of broadcasting. After two years, the Pilkington Committee concluded that the British public did not want commercial broadcasting.
  • Nobusuke Kishi, the Prime Minister of Japan, was stabbed six times in his left leg at his home, but the wounds were not life-threatening.[42]
  • Born: Ian Hislop, British journalist and broadcaster; in Mumbles, Swansea, Wales
  • Died: Joy Davidman, 45, American poet and writer[43]

July 14, 1960 (Thursday)

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Stuart Symington

July 15, 1960 (Friday)

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July 16, 1960 (Saturday)

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  • The Soviet Union completed the Sino-Soviet split by notifying the government of the People's Republic of China that all 1,390 Soviet advisors and experts there would be withdrawn. Over the next month, the Soviets cancelled twelve economic and technological agreements, and 200 joint projects.[47]
  • The phrase "New Frontier", which would be used to describe the policies of John F. Kennedy, was first used in Kennedy's acceptance of the Democratic presidential nomination in Los Angeles. After referring to the American West ("what was once the 'last frontier'"), Kennedy said that "we stand today on the edge of a new frontier— the frontier of the 1960s".[48]
  • Died:

July 17, 1960 (Sunday)

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July 18, 1960 (Monday)

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July 19, 1960 (Tuesday)

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July 20, 1960 (Wednesday)

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  • Sirimavo Bandaranaike became the world's first elected female head of government, after her Sri Lanka Freedom Party won a majority in elections in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka). Mrs. Bandaranaike, whose husband S.W.D. Bandaranaike had been prime minister until his assassination in 1959, took office as Prime Minister of Ceylon the next day, and assumed the jobs of Defense Minister and External Affairs Minister as well.[2]
  • The first launch of a rocket from underwater into the air was made by the U.S. Navy submarine USS George Washington, with the firing of an unarmed Polaris missile while the sub was submerged at a depth of 30 feet (9.1 m).[55]
  • All 23 passengers and crew were killed on Aeroflot Flight 613 when their Ilyushin Il-14 airliner encountered turbulence and broke apart in midair during a flight from Leningrad to the smaller city of Syktyvkar.[56] The passengers were all members of the 75th Squadron of the Soviet Civil Air Fleet; the plane was cleared to descend to an altitude of 300 metres (980 ft) and its crew acknowledged the directive. The wreckage was found on July 31, in a forest south of Lake Kenozero, about 87 kilometres (54 mi) from its destination.
  • President Eisenhower announced that the United States had a budget surplus of $1.06 billion at the end of the 1960 fiscal year, a dramatic turnaround from the $12,426,000,000 deficit at the end of the 1959 fiscal year.[2]
  • Born: Prvoslav Vujcic, Serbian Canadian writer; in Požarevac, Yugoslavia

July 21, 1960 (Thursday)

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  • The Parliament of Canada extended the right to vote in federal elections to the remaining First Nations indigenous citizens who had not previously received full suffrage, as an amendment to the Canada Elections Act passed its third reading in the Senate and was sent onward for assent.[57] The people granted rights were the 60,000 "Status Indians" who lived on Canada's Indian reserves. The right had previously been extended to about 20,000 members of the First Nations, specifically veterans and their wives, members who did not live on a reserve, and to those living in the Northwest Territories and the Yukon.[58] The Act would receive royal assent on August 1.[59]
  • The first television station in Egypt began broadcasting. After a verse from the Quran was read, United Arab Republic President Gamal Abdel Nasser was shown live, making a speech during celebrations of the eighth anniversary of the 1952 revolution.[60]
  • Francis Chichester, English navigator and yachtsman, arrived in New York aboard Gipsy Moth III to win the inaugural Single-Handed Trans-Atlantic Race,[61][62] 40 days after setting sail across the Atlantic Ocean, setting a new record.

July 22, 1960 (Friday)

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July 23, 1960 (Saturday)

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July 24, 1960 (Sunday)

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  • An accident killed 30 Japanese tourists and injured 16 others who were on a chartered sightseeing bus, on their way back down from visiting the Buddhist shrine at Mount Hiei, after sideswiping another bus and plunging off of a mountain road into a ravine. Reportedly, the tourist bus "shot 60 yards straight down and then rolled over for another 100 yards before crashing." The persons on the other bus were uninjured.[67]
 
Marshal Grechko[68]
  • Soviet Marshal Ivan Konev retired as chief of the Warsaw Pact, and was replaced by another Soviet military man, Marshal Andrei Grechko.[2] Marshal Grechko would become the Soviet Minister of Defense in 1967, and would be replaced as Warsaw Pact commander by Marshal Ivan Yakubovsky on July 8, 1967.[69]
  • Died:
    • Jacques Jaccard, 73, American silent film director in the 1910s and 1920s
    • Hans Albers, 68, leading man of German film in the 1930s and early 1940s

July 25, 1960 (Monday)

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  • The lunch counter at the Woolworth's store in Greensboro, North Carolina, where the "Greensboro Four" had started the first sit-in in January, began service to African-American customers (actually, three store employees) at 2:30 p.m.[70] Integration of Greensboro's other restaurants did not happen until 1963.[71]

July 26, 1960 (Tuesday)

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  • Fifteen months after U.S. President Eisenhower had proposed that the Soviet Union and the United States be allowed to inspect their opponents' missile sites, the Soviets made a counteroffer "to allow international inspection teams to carry out three on-site inspections annually on its territory."[72] The U.S. and its allies considered the number to be inadequate, but saw it as the basis for negotiations. Actual inspections would not take place until more than 25 years later.
  • The opening title sequence of The Andy Griffith Show, showing Andy Griffith and Ron Howard preparing to go fishing, was filmed in advance of the show's October 3 premiere. The Franklin Canyon Reservoir in Los Angeles served as Myers Lake (named for the show's production manager, Frank E. Myers) on the outskirts of Mayberry, North Carolina, for purposes of the show.[73]
  • Died:

July 27, 1960 (Wednesday)

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July 28, 1960 (Thursday)

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  • The Soviet Union launched the first of six Vostok 1K animal flight missions, with two space dogs, Chayka and Lisichka. An explosion destroyed the spacecraft shortly after launch, killing both dogs, and the mission was not publicized, nor given a name afterward.[76]

July 29, 1960 (Friday)

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July 29, 1960: Launch of Mercury-Atlas 1
  • Mercury-Atlas 1 was launched from Cape Canaveral on a sub-orbital flight, to check the integrity of the Mercury spacecraft structure and afterbody shingles for critical abort reentry, and to evaluate the Atlas abort-sensing instrumentation system. The spacecraft had no escape system or test subject. After 59 seconds, the flight was terminated because of a launch vehicle and adapter structural failure, and the spacecraft was destroyed on impact in the ocean. Since none of the primary flight objectives was achieved, Mercury-Atlas 2 was planned to fulfill the mission.[29][77]
  • 10 Downing Street, the official London residence of the British Prime Minister, was closed for renovations expected to last at least two years. Harold Macmillan's home was transferred for the interim to Admiralty House.[78]
  • The U.S. Federal Communications Commission voted 6–1 against censorship of American radio and television communications, following hearings in which various witnesses testified in favor of FCC intervention.[2]
  • In new elections in South Korea, the Democrat party, led by Chang Myon (also known as John M. Chang and Tsutomu Tamaoka), won a majority. Chang became Prime Minister of South Korea on August 19.[2]
  • Born:

July 30, 1960 (Saturday)

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July 31, 1960 (Sunday)

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Freed (1952 photo), TV's first Lt. Colombo

References

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  1. ^ Zartman, I. William (1964). Government and Politics in Northern Africa. Methuen. p. 164.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Chronology July 1960". The World Almanac and book of facts, 1961. New York World-Telegram. 1960. pp. 175–178.
  3. ^ Dunar, Andrew J. (12 December 2014). "Marshall Space Flight Center". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Aerospace. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
  4. ^ Arnold, Martin (1 July 1960). "TATTOO GYMNAST KILLED IN PLUNGE; British Officer Falls 85 Feet at Madison Square Garden as 10,000 Watch Show". The New York Times. p. 11. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
  5. ^ "Help needed to honour death slide commando". Navy News. 1 February 2014. p. 18. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
  6. ^ Smertin, Yuri (1987). Kwame Nkrumah. International Publishers. pp. 67–69.
  7. ^ "'Still in Race', Kennedy's Reply to HST", Salt Lake Tribune, July 5, 1960, p1
  8. ^ Jürgen E. Grandt, Kinds of Blue: The Jazz Aesthetic in African American Narrative (Ohio State University Press, 2004), p123
  9. ^ "Joanna Helbin Bio, Stats, and Results". sports-reference.com. 2020-04-18. Archived from the original on 2020-04-18. Retrieved 2021-10-28.
  10. ^ "Bolt Strikes, Kills 4 on Pilgrimage", Salt Lake Tribune, July 4, 1960, p4
  11. ^ Apps, Bryan (2015). Raymond Mays' magnificent obsession. Dorchester: Veloce Publishing. p. 102. ISBN 9781845847869.
  12. ^ "ERASURE New Single "Elevation" Remixed by BT". Remixmag.com. 25 August 2014. Retrieved 10 September 2017.
  13. ^ "Newest Old Glory Flutters Today, 50 Stars Proud", Salt Lake Tribune, July 4, 1960, p1
  14. ^ "Johnson's 'Hat in Ring'", Salt Lake Tribune, July 6, 1960, p1
  15. ^ Ludo de Witte, The Assassination of Lumumba (Verso, 2002), p.6
  16. ^ "Ike Cuts Off Cuban Sugar, U.S. Braces for Reprisals". Salt Lake Tribune. July 7, 1960. p. 1.
  17. ^ "1st Monarch Takes Ride on Subway". Salt Lake Tribune. July 7, 1960. p. 1.
  18. ^ "Ocean Grave Sucks In Giant Blimp". Salt Lake Tribune. July 7, 1960. p. 1.
  19. ^ "'I have your boy. I want £25,000 before 5 o'clock'". Retrieved 2017-10-01.
  20. ^ Charleston, Libby-Jane (2016-03-05). "The End Of Innocence: The 1960s Crime That Changed The Lives of Aussie Kids". Huffington Post. Retrieved 2017-10-01.
  21. ^ Tedeschi, Mark (2015-10-24). "The kidnapping that shocked a nation". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 2017-10-01.
  22. ^ Background and History of the Antarctic Service Medal USAP
  23. ^ Horn, Gerd-Rainer (2007). The Spirit of '68: Rebellion in Western Europe and North America, 1956–1976. Oxford University Press. p. 28.
  24. ^ "International League Pulls Havana Out of Circuit", The Morning Herald (Hagerstown, Maryland), July 9, 1960, p13
  25. ^ "Forbes Insights: Yann LeCun: An AI Groundbreaker Takes Stock". Forbes.
  26. ^ The World of Music. Bärenreiter Kassel. 1957. p. 132.
  27. ^ "Plunge Over Falls: Boy Makes History". San Antonio Light. July 11, 1960. p. 23.
  28. ^ Polmar, Norman (2004). The Death of the USS Thresher. Lyons Press. p. 182.
  29. ^ a b c d e   This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. Grimwood, James M. "PART II (B) Research and Development Phase of Project Mercury January 1960 through May 5, 1961". Project Mercury - A Chronology. NASA Special Publication-4001. NASA. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  30. ^ Wainhouse, David W. (1973). International Peacekeeping at the Crossroads. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 283.
  31. ^ David H. Shinn and Thomas P. Ofcansky, Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia (Scarecrow Press, 2004) p141
  32. ^ "Havana Hits Miami For Last Fling", Miami News, July 11, 1960, p1C
  33. ^ "Castro Can't Touch You Either, Moford", Miami News, July 12, 1960, p1C
  34. ^ A.L. Vohra and S.R. Vashist, Rural Higher Education (Anmol Publications, 1998), p232
  35. ^ Bryon Giddens-White, The Story Behind Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird (Heinemann Library, 2007), p11
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  40. ^ Ross Marlay and Clark D. Neher, Patriots and Tyrants: Ten Asian Leaders (Rowman & Littlefield, 1999), p181
  41. ^ "Kennedy Sweeps In", Salt Lake Tribune, July 14, 1960, p1
  42. ^ "Japan's Kishi Knife Victim", Salt Lake Tribune, July 14, 1960, p1
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  45. ^ "Fire Sweeps Asylum, 225 Die". Salt Lake Tribune. July 15, 1960. p. 1.
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  49. ^ Hosch, William (2010). World War II : people, politics, and power. New York: Britannica Educational Pub. in association with Rosen Educational Services. p. 223. ISBN 9781615300082.
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  52. ^ James Edward Miller, Baseball Business: Pursuing Pennants and Profits in Baltimore (University Of North Carolina Press, 1990), p83; "National Loop OKs Expansion", Oakland Tribune, July 19, 1960, p37
  53. ^ David Marc, Comic Visions: Television Comedy and American Culture (Blackwell 1997), p78
  54. ^ "ASN Aircraft accident Fairchild C-119G Flying Boxcar CP-36/OT-CBP Rushengo". aviation-safety.net.
  55. ^ "Sub Tosses 2 Polaris Missiles In Underwater Twin Success". Salt Lake Tribune. July 21, 1960. p. 1.
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  63. ^ Christopher McCreery, The Order of Canada: Its Origins, History, and Development (University of Toronto Press, 2005), p106
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  68. ^ attribution: Mil.ru
  69. ^ Neil Fodor, The Warsaw Treaty Organization: A Political and Organizational Analysis (Springer, 1990) p197
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  73. ^ Ken Beck and Jim Clark, Mayberry Memories: The Andy Griffith Show Photo Album (HarperCollins, 2005) p7
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  85. ^ ""The Chevy Mystery Show" Enough Rope (TV Episode 1960) - IMDb" – via www.imdb.com.
  86. ^ Odgers, George (August 1, 1960). "Malaya's Long Struggle: The Emergency Which Lasted Twelve Years". The Age. Melbourne. p. 2.
  87. ^ Comber, Leon (2008). Malaya's Secret Police 1945–60: The Role of the Special Branch in the Malayan Emergency. Monash University Press. p. 281.
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