John Horne Blackmore (March 27, 1890 – May 2, 1971) was a Canadian school teacher and principal and Canadian politician. He was one of the first elected members and leaders of the Social Credit Party of Canada, a political party in Canada that promoted the social credit theories of monetary reform.
John Horne Blackmore | |
|---|---|
 Blackmore in the 1940s | |
| Parliamentary leader of the (Western) Social Credit League | |
| In office October 14, 1935 – April 6, 1944 | |
| Preceded by | Position established |
| Succeeded by | Solon Earl Low |
| Member of Parliament for Lethbridge | |
| In office October 14, 1935 – March 31, 1958 | |
| Preceded by | John Smith Stewart |
| Succeeded by | Deane Gundlock |
| Personal details | |
| Born | March 27, 1890 Sublett, Idaho, U.S. |
| Died | May 2, 1971 (aged 81) Cardston, Alberta |
| Political party | Social Credit |
| Profession | Teacher, principal |
Life and career
editBorn in Sublett, Idaho, he immigrated to the Cardston area as a child. He was brought up in a Mormon household.[1]
He attended Calgary Normal School and the University of Alberta.
Blackmore was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 1935 election as Member of Parliament representing Lethbridge, Alberta. The Social Credit movement had swept to power in Alberta in the 1935 provincial election just weeks earlier. He was chosen the party's parliamentary leader, since its most famous spokesperson, William Aberhart, had just become the premier of Alberta.
He formed the material he was saying in speeches into book form, and Money the Master Key was published in 1939. The book describes "Money Power," "the Designing Will that pulls hidden strings."[2][3]
In 1939, Social Credit merged into William Herridge's New Democracy movement, with Herridge acknowledged as the new party's leader. However, Herridge himself failed to win a seat in the 1940 federal election. In the subsequent 19th Canadian Parliament, Blackmore acted as leader of the elected New Democracy MPs, all Social Crediters.
Blackmore served as party leader until 1944, when Social Credit held its first national convention and acclaimed as leader Solon Earl Low, the provincial treasurer of Alberta at the time. Blackmore retained his Lethbridge seat until he was defeated in the 1958 election in which Social Credit lost all of its MPs. (The Progressive Conservatives won all seventeen Alberta seats although they got less than 60 percent of the votes cast in Alberta.)
Blackmore was the first Mormon to be elected to the Canadian House of Commons.
He was excommunicated in 1947 for "teaching and advocating the doctrine of plural marriage" at secret meetings in Southern Alberta. At such meetings, men debated whether Mormon leaders were wrong to have renounced Joseph Smith's revelation regarding polygamy. Though not a polygamist himself, Blackmore urged Parliament to repeal the anti-polygamy law and succeeded in removing specific references to Mormons in the law. His nephew, Winston Blackmore, is the leader of Canada's largest polygamist group and was charged by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police with polygamy in 2009. He challenged the law's constitutionality.[4]
Blackmore was criticized for his views on Jews, and the Encyclopaedia Judaica said he "frequently gave public aid and comfort to anti-Semitism."[5] In 1953, it was reported that Blackmore was distributing the anti-Semitic Protocols of the Elders of Zion from his parliamentary office.[6] However, in a speech he made in the House of Commons on January 31, 1944 (see Hansard records) he advocated for the establishment of “a national homeland for the Jews” in Palestine.
Blackmore is a relative of the author Flora Jessop and her sister, Ruby Jessop.[7]
References
edit- ^ Mardon, Who's Who in Federal Politics from Alberta
- ^ Alberta Legislature Library
- ^ The book is available online through the Glenbow Archives website.
- ^ "Polygamy issue runs deep in the Blackmore family" by Daphne Bramham, Vancouver Sun, February 17, 2009
- ^ "Jews in Canada". Archived from the original on July 21, 2011. Retrieved July 3, 2009.
- ^ "Beyond the purge: Reviewing the social credit movement's legacy of in…". Archived from the original on July 8, 2012.
- ^ Bramham, Daphne (03/12/2005). "Escape from Polygamy". Vancouver Sun. Retrieved February 8, 2013.