An international distress frequency is a radio frequency that is designated for emergency communication by international agreement.
History
editFor much of the 20th century, 500 kHz was the primary international distress frequency. Its use has been phased out in favor of the Global Maritime Distress Safety System.
Use of some distress frequencies is permitted for calling other stations to establish contact, whereupon the stations move to another frequency. Such channels are known as distress, safety and calling frequencies.[1]
Satellite processing from all 121.5 or 243 MHz locators has been discontinued. Since February 1, 2009, the U.S. Coast Guard only monitors distress signals from emergency position indicating radio beacons (EPIRBs) that broadcast using digital 406 MHz signals.[2] Digital 406 MHz models became the only ones approved for use in both commercial and recreational watercraft worldwide on January 1, 2007.[3]
Maritime Mobile Service frequencies
editInternational distress frequencies, currently in use are:
- 2182 kHz for medium range maritime voice use. The US Coast Guard has said "beginning August 1st, 2013 the Coast Guard would no longer monitor 2182 kHz".[4] Many other MRCCs, for example most in Northern Europe, now only have MF capabilities and no HF.[5]
- Several HF maritime voice frequencies exist for long-distance distress calls:[6]
- 4125 kHz
- 6215 kHz
- 8291 kHz
- 12290 kHz
- 16420 kHz
- Marine VHF radio Channel 16 (156.8 MHz) for short range maritime use
- 406 MHz to 406.1 MHz is used by the Cospas-Sarsat international satellite-based search and rescue (SAR) distress alert detection and information distribution system
Digital selective calling frequencies
editSeveral maritime frequencies are used for digital selective calling (DSC), and they are also monitored for DSC distress signals:[6][7]
- 2.1875 MHz
- 4.2075 MHz
- 6.312 MHz
- 8.4145 MHz
- 12.577 MHz
- 16.8045 MHz
- 156.525 MHz, Marine VHF radio Channel 70
Aeronautical frequencies
edit- 121.5 MHz is the civilian aircraft emergency frequency or International Air Distress frequency. It is used by some civilian emergency locator beacons; however, the Cospas-Sarsat system no longer monitors the frequency.
- 243 MHz for NATO military aircraft emergency frequencies
- 406 MHz to 406.1 MHz is used by the Cospas-Sarsat international satellite-based search and rescue (SAR) distress alert detection and information distribution system
Search And Rescue frequencies
edit- 123.1 MHz: Aeronautical Auxiliary Frequency (International voice for coordinated SAR operations).
- 138.78 MHz— U.S. military voice SAR on-the-scene use. This frequency is also used for direction finding (DF).
- 155.160 MHz
- 172.5 MHz— U.S. Navy emergency sonobuoy communications and homing use. This frequency is monitored by all U.S. Navy ASW aircraft assigned to a SAR mission.
- 282.8 MHz— Joint/combined on-the-scene voice and DF frequency used throughout NATO
- 406 MHz / 406.1 MHz - Cospas-Sarsat international satellite-based search and rescue (SAR) distress alert detection and information distribution system
- Emergency position-indicating radiobeacon station (EPIRB)
- Search and rescue transponder (SART)
- Survival radio
Amateur radio frequencies
editVHF, UHF calling frequencies can also be used to make emergency calls
edit| Band | Global | Region 1 Europe, Africa |
Region 2 The Americas[8] |
Region 3 Asia | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 13 cm | |||||
| 23 cm | 1294.500 MHz (U.S.) | ||||
| 33 cm | N/A | 927.500 MHz (U.S.) | N/A | ||
| 70 cm | 433.500 MHz (EU) | 446.00 MHz (U.S.) | |||
| 1.25 m | N/A | 223.500 MHz (U.S.) | N/A | ||
| 2 m | 145.500 MHz (EU) | 146.520 MHz (U.S. & Canada) | 145.000 MHz (India, Indonesia & Thailand) | ||
| 2 m | 144.740 MHz Philippines [9] | ||||
| 4 m | 70.450 MHz (EU) | N/A | |||
| 6 m | 52.525 MHz | ||||
| 10 m | 29.600 MHz | ||||
| 12 m | RTTY/Packet only | ||||
MF and HF frequencies
edit- Emergency Centre of Activity (ECOA) frequencies informally established by the International Amateur Radio Union regional organizations:
| Band | Global[10][11] | Region 1[12] Europe, Africa |
Region 2[13] The Americas |
Region 3[14] Asia |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15 m | 21360 kHz | |||
| 17 m | 18160 kHz | |||
| 20 m | 14300 kHz | |||
| 30 m | ||||
| 40 m | n/a | 7110 kHz | 7060 kHz
7240 kHz 7275 kHz |
7110 kHz |
| 60 m | n/a | |||
| 80 m | n/a | 3760 kHz | 3750 kHz
3985 kHz |
3600 kHz |
Other frequencies
edit- Citizens band (CB) radio (not available in all countries)
- Emergency channels 9 (27.065 MHz AM) and 19 (27.185 MHz AM)
- GMRS: 462.675 MHz is a UHF mobile distress and road information calling frequency allocated to the General Mobile Radio Service and used throughout Alaska and Canada for emergency communications; sometimes referred to as "Orange Dot" by some transceiver manufacturers who associated a frequency with a color-code for ease of channel coordination, until the creation of the Family Radio Service, in 1996, "GMRS 675" or Channel 6/20 on mobile radios today. Its bandwidth can vary between 12.5, 25 and 50 kHz, and is also allocated to Ch. 20 on 22-channel FRS/GMRS "blister pack" radios. It can have a repeater input frequency of 467.675 MHz, and a tone squelch of 141.3 Hz. After FCC deregulation of simplex FRS/GMRS radios, FRS users may transmit up to 2 watts on the GMRS emergency channel 20 (462.675 MHz) with 141.3 Hz CTCSS, or channel 20-22.
- MURS: 151.940 MHz (only available in the United States)
- FRS: FRS channel 1: 462.5625 MHz (carrier squelch, no tone or sub-channel), channel 3: 462.6125 MHz[16] and channel 20: 462.6750 MHz (141.3 Hz CTCSS - channel 20, code 22 or channel 20-22).
- UHF CB (Australia): Emergency channels 5/35 (476.525/477.275 MHz).[17] Channel 5 is the designated simplex and repeater output emergency channel, while channel 35 is used as the repeater input frequency for duplex operation. UHF CB is only available in Australia and New Zealand.
- PMR446 (Europe): Channel 1 analog (446.00625 MHz, CTCSS 100.0 Hz, channel 1/12), Channel 8 analog (446.09375 MHz, CTCSS 123.0 Hz, channel 8/18).
- PMR446 (Europe): Mountain Rescue Channel 7 analog (446.08125 MHz) , CTCSS 85.4 Hz (Channel 7/7 in most radios, not all)
- CB245 (Thailand) : VHF Citizen Band Channel 1 (245.0000 MHz) and Channel 41 (245.5000 MHz)
- CB78 (Thailand) : VHF-LOW Citizen Band Channel 41 (78.5000 MHz)
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Bartlett, Tim (2006). VHF Handbook. Southampton: The Royal Yachting Association. pp. 28, 31. ISBN 978-1-905104-03-1.
- ^ "Logon Form". www.piersystem.com.
- ^ "Logon Form". www.piersystem.com.
- ^ "USCG: Commercial Fishing Vessel Safety Program - 13th Coast Guard District - Guardians of the Pacific Northwest". www.uscg.mil.
- ^ UK Hydrographic Office (2017). Volume 1 (NP281) - Maritime Radio Stations (Parts 1 & 2). UK: UK Hydrographic Office.
- ^ a b "HF Distress and Safety Watchkeeping Schedule". U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Center. U.S. Coast Guard. Retrieved Oct 12, 2011.
- ^ "Recommendation M.541: Operational procedures for the use of digital selective-calling equipment in the maritime mobile service". International Telecommunication Union. 2015.
- ^ "ARRL Band Plans".
- ^ https://ntc5.ntc.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/mc-04-03-2011-authorizing-the-use-of-RF-in-times-of-emergency.pdf Archived 2022-02-26 at the Wayback Machine [bare URL PDF]
- ^ "IARU Emergency Telecommunications Guide" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-09-20.
- ^ "Emergency Center of Activity Frequencies adopted by the IARU Region 1 General Conference 2005" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-11-14.
- ^ Ulli, DK4VW - (16 May 2023). "HF - International Amateur Radio Union - Region 1". iaru-r1.org.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-04-08. Retrieved 2013-05-06.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-04-08. Retrieved 2013-05-06.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ INC, copyright 2007 HFPACK. "HFLINK - HF Automatic Link Establishment HF ALE HF Network Ham Radio Amateur Radio HF Emergency Disaster Relief Communications". hflink.com.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "SHTF Survialist Radio Frequency Lists". 29 June 2013.
- ^ "ACMA Fact Sheet: Citizen band radio".