Wikipedia

Integrin alpha 4

CD49d is an integrin alpha subunit. It makes up half of the α4β1 lymphocyte homing receptor.

ITGA4
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesITGA4, CD49D, IA4, integrin subunit alpha 4
External IDsOMIM: 192975; MGI: 96603; HomoloGene: 37364; GeneCards: ITGA4; OMA:ITGA4 - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

3676

16401

Ensembl

ENSG00000115232

ENSMUSG00000027009

UniProt

P13612

Q00651

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_000885
NM_001316312

NM_010576

RefSeq (protein)

NP_000876
NP_001303241

NP_034706

Location (UCSC)Chr 2: 181.46 – 181.54 MbChr 2: 79.09 – 79.16 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Function

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The product of this gene belongs to the integrin alpha chain family of proteins. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain. This gene encodes an alpha 4 chain. Unlike other integrin alpha chains, alpha 4 neither contains an I-domain, nor undergoes disulfide-linked cleavage. Alpha 4 chain associates with either beta 1 chain or beta 7 chain.[5]

Interactions

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CD49d has been shown to interact with LGALS8[6] and Paxillin.[7][8]

See also

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  • Carotegrast methyl, an integrin alpha 4 antagonist used for the treatment of ulcerative colitis

References

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  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000115232 – Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000027009 – Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ "Entrez Gene: ITGA4 integrin, alpha 4 (antigen CD49D, alpha 4 subunit of VLA-4 receptor)".
  6. ^ Hadari YR, Arbel-Goren R, Levy Y, Amsterdam A, Alon R, Zakut R, Zick Y (2000). "Galectin-8 binding to integrins inhibits cell adhesion and induces apoptosis". J. Cell Sci. 113 (Pt 13): 2385–97. doi:10.1242/jcs.113.13.2385. PMID 10852818.2385-97&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info:doi/10.1242/jcs.113.13.2385&rft_id=info:pmid/10852818&rft.aulast=Hadari&rft.aufirst=YR&rft.au=Arbel-Goren, R&rft.au=Levy, Y&rft.au=Amsterdam, A&rft.au=Alon, R&rft.au=Zakut, R&rft.au=Zick, Y&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Integrin alpha 4" class="Z3988">
  7. ^ Han J, Liu S, Rose DM, Schlaepfer DD, McDonald H, Ginsberg MH (November 2001). "Phosphorylation of the integrin alpha 4 cytoplasmic domain regulates paxillin binding". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (44): 40903–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M102665200. PMID 11533025.40903-9&rft.date=2001-11&rft_id=info:doi/10.1074/jbc.M102665200&rft_id=info:pmid/11533025&rft.aulast=Han&rft.aufirst=J&rft.au=Liu, S&rft.au=Rose, DM&rft.au=Schlaepfer, DD&rft.au=McDonald, H&rft.au=Ginsberg, MH&rft_id=https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M102665200&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Integrin alpha 4" class="Z3988">
  8. ^ Liu S, Kiosses WB, Rose DM, Slepak M, Salgia R, Griffin JD, Turner CE, Schwartz MA, Ginsberg MH (June 2002). "A fragment of paxillin binds the alpha 4 integrin cytoplasmic domain (tail) and selectively inhibits alpha 4-mediated cell migration". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (23): 20887–94. doi:10.1074/jbc.M110928200. PMID 11919182.20887-94&rft.date=2002-06&rft_id=info:doi/10.1074/jbc.M110928200&rft_id=info:pmid/11919182&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Kiosses, WB&rft.au=Rose, DM&rft.au=Slepak, M&rft.au=Salgia, R&rft.au=Griffin, JD&rft.au=Turner, CE&rft.au=Schwartz, MA&rft.au=Ginsberg, MH&rft_id=https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M110928200&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Integrin alpha 4" class="Z3988">

Further reading

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  • Humphries MJ, Sheridan J, Mould AP, Newham P (1995). "Mechanisms of VCAM-1 and Fibronectin Binding to Integrin α 4 β 1 : Implications for Integrin Function and Rational Drug Design". Ciba Foundation Symposium 189 - Cell Adhesion and Human Disease. Novartis Foundation Symposia. Vol. 189. pp. 177–91, discussion 191–9. doi:10.1002/9780470514719.ch13. ISBN 978-0-470-51471-9. PMID 7587632.177-91, discussion 191-9&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info:pmid/7587632&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002/9780470514719.ch13&rft.isbn=978-0-470-51471-9&rft.aulast=Humphries&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.au=Sheridan, J&rft.au=Mould, AP&rft.au=Newham, P&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Integrin alpha 4" class="Z3988"> {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
  • Oostendorp RA, Dörmer P (1997). "VLA-4-mediated interactions between normal human hematopoietic progenitors and stromal cells". Leuk. Lymphoma. 24 (5–6): 423–35. doi:10.3109/10428199709055581. PMID 9086434.5–6&rft.pages=423-35&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info:doi/10.3109/10428199709055581&rft_id=info:pmid/9086434&rft.aulast=Oostendorp&rft.aufirst=RA&rft.au=Dörmer, P&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Integrin alpha 4" class="Z3988">
  • Porter JC, Hogg N (1999). "Integrins take partners: cross-talk between integrins and other membrane receptors". Trends Cell Biol. 8 (10): 390–6. doi:10.1016/S0962-8924(98)01344-0. PMID 9789327.390-6&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/S0962-8924(98)01344-0&rft_id=info:pmid/9789327&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=JC&rft.au=Hogg, N&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Integrin alpha 4" class="Z3988">
  • Rose DM, Han J, Ginsberg MH (2003). "Alpha4 integrins and the immune response". Immunol. Rev. 186 (1): 118–24. doi:10.1034/j.1600-065X.2002.18611.x. PMID 12234367. S2CID 37850994.118-24&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:37850994#id-name=S2CID&rft_id=info:pmid/12234367&rft_id=info:doi/10.1034/j.1600-065X.2002.18611.x&rft.aulast=Rose&rft.aufirst=DM&rft.au=Han, J&rft.au=Ginsberg, MH&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Integrin alpha 4" class="Z3988">
  • O'Connor P (2007). "Natalizumab and the role of alpha 4-integrin antagonism in the treatment of multiple sclerosis". Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy. 7 (1): 123–36. doi:10.1517/14712598.7.1.123. PMID 17150024. S2CID 73319319.123-36&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:73319319#id-name=S2CID&rft_id=info:pmid/17150024&rft_id=info:doi/10.1517/14712598.7.1.123&rft.aulast=O'Connor&rft.aufirst=P&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Integrin alpha 4" class="Z3988">
  • Chan BM, Elices MJ, Murphy E, Hemler ME (1992). "Adhesion to vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and fibronectin. Comparison of alpha 4 beta 1 (VLA-4) and alpha 4 beta 7 on the human B cell line JY". J. Biol. Chem. 267 (12): 8366–70. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)42453-2. PMID 1373725.8366-70&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/S0021-9258(18)42453-2&rft_id=info:pmid/1373725&rft.aulast=Chan&rft.aufirst=BM&rft.au=Elices, MJ&rft.au=Murphy, E&rft.au=Hemler, ME&rft_id=https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0021-9258%2818%2942453-2&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Integrin alpha 4" class="Z3988">
  • Fernández-Ruiz E, Pardo-Manuel de Villena F, Rubio MA, Corbí AL, Rodriguez de Córdoba S, Sánchez-Madrid F (1992). "Mapping of the human VLA-alpha 4 gene to chromosome 2q31-q32". Eur. J. Immunol. 22 (2): 587–90. doi:10.1002/eji.1830220243. PMID 1537388. S2CID 86449765.587-90&rft.date=1992&rft_id=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:86449765#id-name=S2CID&rft_id=info:pmid/1537388&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002/eji.1830220243&rft.aulast=Fernández-Ruiz&rft.aufirst=E&rft.au=Pardo-Manuel de Villena, F&rft.au=Rubio, MA&rft.au=Corbí, AL&rft.au=Rodriguez de Córdoba, S&rft.au=Sánchez-Madrid, F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Integrin alpha 4" class="Z3988">
  • Rubio M, Nueda A, Vara A, Corbí Lopez AL (1992). "A single mRNA encodes the alpha 150 and alpha 80/70 forms of the alpha subunit of VLA4". Eur. J. Immunol. 22 (4): 1099–102. doi:10.1002/eji.1830220434. PMID 1551405. S2CID 83613615.1099-102&rft.date=1992&rft_id=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:83613615#id-name=S2CID&rft_id=info:pmid/1551405&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002/eji.1830220434&rft.aulast=Rubio&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Nueda, A&rft.au=Vara, A&rft.au=Corbí Lopez, AL&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Integrin alpha 4" class="Z3988">
  • Sonnenberg A, Linders CJ, Modderman PW, Damsky CH, Aumailley M, Timpl R (1990). "Integrin recognition of different cell-binding fragments of laminin (P1, E3, E8) and evidence that alpha 6 beta 1 but not alpha 6 beta 4 functions as a major receptor for fragment E8". J. Cell Biol. 110 (6): 2145–55. doi:10.1083/jcb.110.6.2145. PMC 2116116. PMID 1693624.2145-55&rft.date=1990&rft_id=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2116116#id-name=PMC&rft_id=info:pmid/1693624&rft_id=info:doi/10.1083/jcb.110.6.2145&rft.aulast=Sonnenberg&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Linders, CJ&rft.au=Modderman, PW&rft.au=Damsky, CH&rft.au=Aumailley, M&rft.au=Timpl, R&rft_id=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2116116&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Integrin alpha 4" class="Z3988">
  • Teixidó J, Parker CM, Kassner PD, Hemler ME (1992). "Functional and structural analysis of VLA-4 integrin alpha 4 subunit cleavage". J. Biol. Chem. 267 (3): 1786–91. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)46014-0. PMID 1730718.1786-91&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/S0021-9258(18)46014-0&rft_id=info:pmid/1730718&rft.aulast=Teixidó&rft.aufirst=J&rft.au=Parker, CM&rft.au=Kassner, PD&rft.au=Hemler, ME&rft_id=https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0021-9258%2818%2946014-0&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Integrin alpha 4" class="Z3988">
  • Rosemblatt M, Vuillet-Gaugler MH, Leroy C, Coulombel L (1991). "Coexpression of two fibronectin receptors, VLA-4 and VLA-5, by immature human erythroblastic precursor cells". J. Clin. Invest. 87 (1): 6–11. doi:10.1172/JCI115002. PMC 294977. PMID 1824634.6-11&rft.date=1991&rft_id=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC294977#id-name=PMC&rft_id=info:pmid/1824634&rft_id=info:doi/10.1172/JCI115002&rft.aulast=Rosemblatt&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Vuillet-Gaugler, MH&rft.au=Leroy, C&rft.au=Coulombel, L&rft_id=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC294977&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Integrin alpha 4" class="Z3988">
  • Rosen GD, Birkenmeier TM, Dean DC (1991). "Characterization of the alpha 4 integrin gene promoter". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88 (10): 4094–8. Bibcode:1991PNAS...88.4094R. doi:10.1073/pnas.88.10.4094. PMC 51604. PMID 2034655.4094-8&rft.date=1991&rft_id=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC51604#id-name=PMC&rft_id=info:pmid/2034655&rft_id=info:doi/10.1073/pnas.88.10.4094&rft_id=info:bibcode/1991PNAS...88.4094R&rft.aulast=Rosen&rft.aufirst=GD&rft.au=Birkenmeier, TM&rft.au=Dean, DC&rft_id=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC51604&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Integrin alpha 4" class="Z3988">
  • Takada Y, Elices MJ, Crouse C, Hemler ME (1989). "The primary structure of the alpha 4 subunit of VLA-4: homology to other integrins and a possible cell-cell adhesion function". EMBO J. 8 (5): 1361–8. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb03516.x. PMC 400962. PMID 2788572.1361-8&rft.date=1989&rft_id=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC400962#id-name=PMC&rft_id=info:pmid/2788572&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb03516.x&rft.aulast=Takada&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.au=Elices, MJ&rft.au=Crouse, C&rft.au=Hemler, ME&rft_id=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC400962&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Integrin alpha 4" class="Z3988">
  • Takada Y, Strominger JL, Hemler ME (1987). "The very late antigen family of heterodimers is part of a superfamily of molecules involved in adhesion and embryogenesis". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84 (10): 3239–43. Bibcode:1987PNAS...84.3239T. doi:10.1073/pnas.84.10.3239. PMC 304844. PMID 3033641.3239-43&rft.date=1987&rft_id=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC304844#id-name=PMC&rft_id=info:pmid/3033641&rft_id=info:doi/10.1073/pnas.84.10.3239&rft_id=info:bibcode/1987PNAS...84.3239T&rft.aulast=Takada&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.au=Strominger, JL&rft.au=Hemler, ME&rft_id=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC304844&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Integrin alpha 4" class="Z3988">
  • Hemler ME, Huang C, Schwarz L (1987). "The VLA protein family. Characterization of five distinct cell surface heterodimers each with a common 130,000 molecular weight beta subunit". J. Biol. Chem. 262 (7): 3300–9. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)61504-2. PMID 3546305.3300-9&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/S0021-9258(18)61504-2&rft_id=info:pmid/3546305&rft.aulast=Hemler&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.au=Huang, C&rft.au=Schwarz, L&rft_id=https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0021-9258%2818%2961504-2&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Integrin alpha 4" class="Z3988">
  • Gailit J, Pierschbacher M, Clark RA (1993). "Expression of functional alpha 4 beta 1 integrin by human dermal fibroblasts". J. Invest. Dermatol. 100 (3): 323–8. doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12470011. PMID 8440915.323-8&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111/1523-1747.ep12470011&rft_id=info:pmid/8440915&rft.aulast=Gailit&rft.aufirst=J&rft.au=Pierschbacher, M&rft.au=Clark, RA&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Integrin alpha 4" class="Z3988">
  • Pujades C, Teixidó J, Bazzoni G, Hemler ME (1996). "Integrin alpha 4 cysteines 278 and 717 modulate VLA-4 ligand binding and also contribute to alpha 4/180 formation". Biochem. J. 313. ( Pt 3) (3): 899–908. doi:10.1042/bj3130899. PMC 1216996. PMID 8611173.899-908&rft.date=1996&rft_id=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1216996#id-name=PMC&rft_id=info:pmid/8611173&rft_id=info:doi/10.1042/bj3130899&rft.aulast=Pujades&rft.aufirst=C&rft.au=Teixidó, J&rft.au=Bazzoni, G&rft.au=Hemler, ME&rft_id=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1216996&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Integrin alpha 4" class="Z3988">
  • Szabo M, McIntyre BW (1996). "Identification of two variants of the human integrin alpha 4 subunit". Mol. Immunol. 32 (17–18): 1453–4. doi:10.1016/0161-5890(96)00001-6. PMID 8643114.17–18&rft.pages=1453-4&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/0161-5890(96)50001-6&rft_id=info:pmid/8643114&rft.aulast=Szabo&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=McIntyre, BW&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Integrin alpha 4" class="Z3988">
  • Mannion BA, Berditchevski F, Kraeft SK, Chen LB, Hemler ME (1996). "Transmembrane-4 superfamily proteins CD81 (TAPA-1), CD82, CD63, and CD53 specifically associated with integrin alpha 4 beta 1 (CD49d/CD29)". J. Immunol. 157 (5): 2039–47. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.157.5.2039. PMID 8757325. S2CID 1977096.2039-47&rft.date=1996&rft_id=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1977096#id-name=S2CID&rft_id=info:pmid/8757325&rft_id=info:doi/10.4049/jimmunol.157.5.2039&rft.aulast=Mannion&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.au=Berditchevski, F&rft.au=Kraeft, SK&rft.au=Chen, LB&rft.au=Hemler, ME&rft_id=https://doi.org/10.4049%2Fjimmunol.157.5.2039&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Integrin alpha 4" class="Z3988">
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