Integrated education in Northern Ireland refers to the bringing together of children, parents and teachers from both Roman Catholic and Protestant traditions in childhood education: the aim being to provide a balanced education, while allowing the opportunity to understand and respect all cultural and religious backgrounds.
History
editIn 2017 the Northern Ireland government commissioned a report to detail the development of Integrated Education, so as to decide on structures and processes to support the effective planning, growth and development of a more integrated education system, with a framework of viable and sustainable schools. [1]: 10 Since 1974 the All Children Together (ACT) movement had been lobbying against the segregation in schools in Northern Ireland. The Education (Northern Ireland) Act, 1978 (Dunleath Act) contained a provision that allowed existing schools to transform to integrated status, but none succeeded.[1]: 21 Consequently, a group of parents founded Lagan College, a new type of non-sectarian school in September 1981.[2]
By 1987, there were seven newly established integrated schools, and Northern Ireland Council for Integrated Education (NICIE) was formed as a charitable organisation to co-ordinate efforts to develop integrated education, and to support parent groups through the process of opening new schools.[1]
The Education Reform (NI) Order 1989 provided a statutory framework for the development of integrated schools. Article 64 of the Order defines integrated education as ‘the education together at school of Protestant and Roman Catholic pupils’. It states that it ‘shall be the duty of the Department to encourage and facilitate the development of integrated education’.[1]: 10 Part VI and Schedules 5 and 6 of the Order define the arrangements for the establishment, management and governance of two types of integrated school: grant maintained integrated schools and controlled integrated schools.[1]: 21
It was at this point that Department of Education began to grant-aid schools with revenue funding.[1]: 21
Legislation
editIntegrated Education Act (Northern Ireland) 2022
edit| Act of the Northern Ireland Assembly | |
 | |
| Long title | An Act to make provision about integrated education; and for connected purposes. |
|---|---|
| Citation | 2022 c. 15 |
| Introduced by | Kellie Armstrong MLA |
| Territorial extent | Northern Ireland |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 26 April 2022 |
Status: Current legislation | |
The Northern Ireland Assembly passed legislation in March 2022 which ensures a duty on the Department of Education to provide further support to the integrated schools sector. The Bill was passed by 49 votes to 38.[3]
Supported Bill: Alliance, Sinn Fein, SDLP, Green Party, People Before Profit
Did not support Bill: DUP, UUP[3]
The Act requires the Department of Education to "encourage, facilitate and support" integrated education.[4] The Act requires the Education Authority to assess demand for integrated education. [5]
The Act was described as being "imprecise".[6]
The Act requires the Department to increase the number of integrated school places and set targets for the number of children being educated in them.[7]
The Department published the first report under the Act in 2024.[8] The report described increasing the numbers of places in oversubscribed integrated schools and also described a "Call for Transformation" scheme to allow existing schools to formally become integrated.[8]
The first Minister for Education to implement the Act was Paul Givan of the Democratic Unionist Party.[9] He said that schools had been "let down" after 10 building projects had their funding withdrawn after £150,000,000 was reallocated in the Treasury's £3,300,000,000 financial package for the restoration of the power-sharing executive.[10]
Northern Ireland Council for Integrated Education
editThe Northern Ireland Council for Integrated Education (NICIE), a voluntary organisation, promotes, develops and supports integrated education in Northern Ireland.[11]
NICIE’s Statement of Principles go beyond just the education of Protestant and Catholic children in a single building. NICIE aims to create a shared ethos and environment that welcomes and that celebrates all traditions. Schools should have a mixed staff, board of governors and pupils. It celebrates inclusion and fosters creativity in schools. It fosters "an environment where governors, staff, parents – and, in age-appropriate ways, pupils – can engage with social, political and religious debates explicitly and in a sharing and inclusive way."[1]
The four key elements of NICIE’s Statement of Principles are:
- Equality and diversity
- A child-centred education
- A partnership with parents
- A Christian ethos[1]
Educational background
editEducation in Northern Ireland is highly religiously segregated,[12] with 95% of pupils attending either a maintained (Catholic) school or a controlled school (mostly Protestant, but open to all faiths and none), both funded by the state by varying amounts. In addition there is pressure to open more Irish medium schools, where in 2007 there was surplus of places in existing schools.[13] The churches in Northern Ireland have not been involved in the development of integrated schools.[14] Integrated schools have been established by the voluntary efforts of parents.
Current situation
editThe first integrated school, Lagan College, was established in Belfast in 1981, in 1985, three more integrated schools opened in Belfast. As of 2017[update], there were 65 integrated schools comprising 20 post-primary colleges and 45 primary schools. 27 are Controlled Integrated. Existing controlled schools voted to ‘transform’ and 38 are Grant-Maintained Integrated, new schools, created by the local parents, the last of which, Rowandale Integrated Primary School in Moira, County Down, was established in 2008.[1]: 23 In addition, there are 19 integrated nursery schools, most of which are linked to primary schools as at Rowandale.[15]: 18
In March 2022, the Integrated Education Bill was passed.[16]
Criticisms
editIntegrated schools were sometimes criticised as being "middle-class" or accused of "social engineering".[17] Then Monsignor Denis Faul criticised integrated education, insisting that Catholic parents were required by canon law to send their children to Catholic schools and also claimed the schools were a "dirty political trick" inspired by the British Government.[18][19] Speaking out against integrated education, the Free Presbyterian Church described it as a "front for ecumenism and the secular lobby".[20]
In July 2021, John O'Dowd said during the second stage debates of the Integrated Education Bill that while integrated schools promote inclusivity "there's only one or very few play Gaelic games. There's none promote the Irish language. I will correct myself: I think that there is one. The identity in it is not neutral - in many of them it is British."[21] He also said "You can pay homage to the Crown but to no-one else".[21] He said that he supported the principle of the bill but urged the integrated sector to "get its head around" how it promotes "all identities".[21] He also said "The reason why we have such a separated education system dating back to the 1920s - and I am no defender of the Catholic hierarchy - is because the Catholic Church took a very strong view of this ... That to keep Irish identity, Irish culture alive in a partitioned state, it would have to have its own education system."[21]
Kellie Armstrong replied that she had never seen that in any integrated school she had visited.[21] She said "In the integrated schools that I go into, I see a culture that is reflective of everyone who attends there and is respectful of all cultures."[21] Regarding promoting the Irish language and Gaelic games she said "I'm somewhat at a loss given the fact that Lagan College and Drumragh Integrated College have both been former winners of the JJ Reilly Cup. Kellie Armstrong says all cultures are respected through integrated education. My own daughter played hurling for her integrated college."[21] She also said "Irish culture is not eroded, neither is British culture. Integrated education isn't about assimilating young people into one culture - it's about celebrating all cultures."[21]
Shared education initiatives
editIn 2011, Department of Education launched a new Community Relations, Equality and Diversity in Education policy.[1]
The objectives of the policy are to:
- ensure that learners have an understanding of and respect for the rights, equality and diversity of all without discrimination;
- educate children and young people to live and participate in the changing world with respect while taking account of the ongoing intercommunity divisions arising from conflict and increasing diversity within our society;
- equip children and young people with the skills, attitudes and behaviours needed[1][22]: 4
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Integrating Education in Northern Ireland" (PDF). www.education-ni.gov.uk/. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
Text was copied from this source, which is available under an Open Government Licence v3.0. © Crown copyright.
- ^ "History - Lagan College". Lagan College. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 26 October 2016.
- ^ a b "NI Assembly passes integrated education bill". ITV News. 9 March 2022. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
- ^ Meredith, Robbie (11 May 2024). "Lack of integrated post-primary school places 'frustrating'". BBC News. British Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 11 May 2024. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
- ^ Early, Erin; Devine, Paula; Minchen, Liu; Schubotz, Dirk (2023). "Assessing Demand for Integrated Education in Northern Ireland" (PDF). ARK (Policy brief). Queen's University Belfast. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 June 2023. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
- ^ Gallagher, Tony (16 August 2022). "Integrated education in Northern Ireland: why progress is slow despite support". The Conversation. The Conversation Trust (UK) Limited. Archived from the original on 21 March 2024. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
- ^ Meredith, Robbie (9 March 2022). "Integrated education: Stormont passes bill despite DUP opposition". BBC News. British Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 9 March 2022. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
- ^ a b Integrated Education Act (Northern Ireland) 2022: Department of Education Section 10 Report to be laid before the Northern Ireland Assembly (PDF) (Report). 2024. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 October 2024.
- ^ McCormack, Jayne (3 February 2024). "NI politics: What issues are in new ministers' in-trays? [Education]". BBC News. British Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 3 February 2024. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
- ^ "Northern Ireland schools 'let down' by UK government says DUP education minister". BBC News. British Broadcasting Corporation. 26 February 2024. Archived from the original on 29 September 2024. Retrieved 4 October 2024.
- ^ Stephen, Fiona (2000). "BBC NI - A State Apart - Reconciliation A farewell to arms? From 'long war' to long peace in Northern Ireland". Promoting a culture of tolerance: education in Northern Ireland. Manchester University Press. Retrieved 13 July 2021.
- ^ Lord Baker of Dorking, Daily Hansard, 18 July 2006 : Column 1189 www.parliament.uk, retrieved 22 July 2007
- ^ Lunn, Trevor (24 June 2008). "Irish-Medium Primary School". TheyWorkForYou. Retrieved 24 July 2021.
- ^ ""Churches and Christian Ethos in Integrated Schools", Macaulay,T 2009" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 March 2009. Retrieved 17 March 2009.
- ^ "rowandale-ips-prospectus-2019-20-c" (PDF). primarysite-prod-sorted.s3.amazonaws.com. Retrieved 24 July 2021.
- ^ "Assembly passes integrated educational bill after UUP refuses to back petition of concern". RTÉ News. 9 March 2022. Retrieved 10 March 2022.
- ^ A difficult subject, John Lloyd, Financial Times, 20 April 2007, retrieved 22 December 2009
- ^ Monsignor Denis Faul, Independent, 22 June 2006
- ^ Monsignor Denis Faul, obituaries, The Daily Telegraph, 22 June 2006
- ^ "Free Presbyterian church slams shared education" The Newsletter 11 January 2014
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Integrated schools defended by Alliance after Sinn Féin criticism". BBC News. 8 July 2021. Retrieved 10 March 2022.
- ^ "Sharing Works: A Policy for Shared Education" (PDF). www.education-ni.gov.uk. September 2015. Retrieved 23 July 2021. Text was copied from this source, which is available under an Open Government Licence v3.0. © Crown copyright.
