Wikipedia

Industrial and Commercial Bank of China

(Redirected from ICBC Leasing)
"ICBC" redirects here. For other uses, see ICBC (disambiguation).

The Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC; Chinese: 中国工商银行) is a Chinese state-owned multinational banking and financial services corporation headquartered in Beijing, China. It is the largest of the "big four" banks in China, and the largest bank in the world by total assets.[8] ICBC was created on 1 January 1984 from what were then the commercial banking operations of the People's Bank of China. ICBC is majority-owned by the Chinese government and has remained so after its landmark initial public offering in 2006. As of end-2021, ICBC shareholders included Central Huijin Investment (34.7 percent), the Chinese Ministry of Finance (31.1 percent), the National Council for Social Security Fund (3.5 percent), adding up to 69.3 percent under the ultimate control of the Ministry of Finance.

Industrial and Commercial Bank of China
Native name
中国工商银行
Zhōngguó Gōngshāng Yínháng[1]
Company typePublic
State-owned
ISINCNE1000003G1
IndustryFinancial services
Founded1984; 40 years ago (1984)
Headquarters
Beijing
,
China
Key people
Liao Lin, chairman and president
Products
RevenueIncrease CN¥725.12 billion
$105.4 billion (2018)[2][3]
Increase CN¥369.32 billion
$53.68 billion (2018)[2]
Increase CN¥298.72 billion
$43.42 billion (2018)[2]
AUMIncrease CN¥6.9 trillion ≈ US$1.0 trillion (2022)[4]
Total assetsIncrease CN¥27.70 trillion US$6.3 trillion (2018)[5]
Total equityIncrease CN¥2.33 trillion
$338.7 billion (2018)[2]
Owner
Number of employees
Decrease 434,798 (2022)[7]
Capital ratioIncrease 12.87% (CET1)[3]
Websiteicbc.com.cn
icbc-ltd.com/en
icbc-us.com
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China
Simplified Chinese中国工商银行股份有限公司
Traditional Chinese中國工商銀行股份有限公司
Literal meaningChina Industrial and Commercial Bank, Company Limited by Shares
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinZhōngguó Gōngshāng Yínháng Gǔfèn Yǒuxiàn Gōngsī
Alternative Chinese name
Simplified Chinese中国工商银行
Traditional Chinese中國工商銀行
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinZhōngguó Gōngshāng Yínháng
Second alternative Chinese name
Chinese工行
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinGōngháng

ICBC became the world's largest bank by total assets in 2012 (based on year-end balance sheet) and has kept this rank ever since.[9][6][10][5][11] It was ranked first on the Forbes Global 2000 list of the world's top public companies in 2015.[12] On 31 December 2022, it was the third-largest bank in the world by market capitalization at $211 billion.[13] It is one of the most profitable companies in the world, ranking fourth according to Forbes in 2022.[14] It has been designated a systemically important bank by the Financial Stability Board (FSB) since the start of the FSB's listing.

Several former employees of ICBC have moved on to work in prominent government positions in China. Notable ICBC alumni include China Securities Regulatory Commission Chairman Yi Huiman and People's Bank of China Governor Pan Gongsheng.

History

edit

Background

edit

Following the Chinese Communist Revolution in 1949, China adopted a so-called monobank system in which all financial operations were operated by the People's Bank of China (PBC). In 1978-1979, the Chinese authorities initiated banking reform,[15] whose effect was to transform the PBC into a proper central bank while specialized commercial banks were formed under its watch.[16] This resulted in the gradual establishment of a two-tier banking system.[15]

1984–2006

edit

By rights of a contradiction within the economic functioning of the government of China, the People's Republic, the State Council of China,[17] during September of[18] 1983 made a decision to separate certain activities of the government to an exclusively operating organisation, subsequently named the Industrial and Commercial bank of China,[17] established on 1 January 1984.[19][non-primary source needed] ICBC was then the fourth of the four specialist banks of 1978–1979 to be made,[18] from the taking of control of commercial activities[18] ("industrial credit and savings business"[20]) from People's Bank of China so that the latter might be transformed to a newly made central bank.[18][20] ICBC focused on the intermediation of deposits.[21]: 225 

ICBC opened its first overseas branch in Singapore in 1993. It opened a branch in Luxembourg in 1999, which became its European headquarters in 2011.[22] In 2000, ICBC acquired the Union Bank of Hong Kong and renamed it ICBC (Asia). A Hong Kong-listed entity, ICBC (Asia) then purchased the Hong Kong subsidiary of Fortis Bank, originally the Hong Kong branch of the Banque Belge pour l'Étranger, and rebranded it under its own name on 10 October 2005.

In June 2005, ICBC established ICBC Credit Suisse Asset Management as a China joint venture with Credit Suisse First Boston and COSCO, with the three partners respectively holding 55, 25, and 20 percent of the venture's equity. Subsequently, ICBC bought out COSCO's stake and acquired an additional 5 percent from Credit Suisse.

As of 2006, ICBC had 2.5 million corporate customers and 150 million individual customers.[23]

Initial public offering

edit

In the runup to its planned initial public offering, on 28 April 2006, three "strategic investors" injected US$3.7 billion into ICBC:

ICBC was simultaneously listed on both the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and Shanghai Stock Exchange on 27 October 2006. It was the world's largest initial public offering at that time valued at US$21.9 billion, surpassing the previous record US$18.4 billion IPO by Japan's NTT DoCoMo in 1998.[26] In 2010, Agricultural Bank of China broke ICBC's IPO record when it raised $22.1 billion. China's largest commercial bank was also the first company to debut simultaneously on both the Hong Kong and Shanghai stock exchanges.

ICBC raised at least US$14 billion in Hong Kong (H-shares) and another US$5.1 billion in Shanghai (A-shares). Due to heavy subscriptions, the greenshoe (i.e. over-allotment) placements were exercised and ICBC's take rose to US$21.9 billion (17% of ICBC's market value before the IPO), divided in US$16 billion in Hong Kong and US$5.9 billion in Shanghai. Following the global offering, the free float of shares was 22.14% of the market capitalization.

At the end of its first day of trading, the bank's shares closed up almost 15% at HK$3.52 in Hong Kong, compared with the listing price of HK$3.07, which was set at the top of the indicative range due to the strong demand. According to Bloomberg, ICBC's market capitalisation at the end of trade based on its Hong Kong shares was US$156.3 billion, making its equity the world's fifth highest among banks, just behind JPMorgan Chase. Meanwhile, ICBC's Shanghai-listed A-shares recorded more modest gains and ended up 5.1% from the offering price of RMB 3.12.

Later developments

edit

In July 2007, ICBC was ranked 30th in the world in terms of revenue.[27]

In August 2008, ICBC became the second Chinese bank since 1991 to gain US federal approval to establish a branch in New York City.[28] ICBC had signed a lease with the Trump Organization for office space in the Trump Tower in 2008. ICBC was Trump Tower's largest office tenant as of 2012.[29] By October 2020, Donald Trump received $5.4 million from ICBC via the Trump Tower lease.[30]

In June 2009, ICBC spent 80.25 million Canadian dollars (US$58.53 million) to acquire a 70% stake in the Bank of East Asia (BEA).[31] By the end of 2009, the number of credit cards issued exceeded 52 million, a 33% increase equivalent to nearly 13 million cards compared to the previous year. Including other types of bank cards, this bank has issued more than 280 million cards, becoming the 4th largest credit card issuer in the world.[32][33][34]

On 24 January 2011, ICBC opened a branch office in Madrid.[35] On 20 May 2011, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Ltd. established two branches in Pakistan, one in Karachi and the other in Islamabad. On 18 August 2011, ICBC passed the examination from State Bank of Pakistan and started its business in Pakistan.

During November 2012, ICBC acquired from Standard Bank a 80% stake (valued at $600 million) of the former subsidiary of BankBoston in Argentina, which Standard Bank had purchased in 2006. This was the largest operation of a Chinese bank in Latin America. In Argentina, the bank has ~1,000,000 individual customers, ~30,000 companies of all categories and more than 1600 corporate companies.

During the 2013 Korean crisis, ICBC halted business with a North Korean bank accused by the United States of financing Pyongyang's missile and nuclear programs.[36]

It was announced at the end of July 2013 that South Africa's Standard Bank was in talks to sell its markets business in London to the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China for more than $500 million.[37] The transaction was completed on 1 February 2015, after which the London-based operation has been known as ICBC Standard Bank.

In 2014, ICBC was the largest company in the world according to the Forbes Global 2000 list, with revenue reaching 148.7 billion USD and profit amounting to 42.7 billion USD.[38] On 24 September 2014, ICBC Kuwait Branch officially opened in Kuwait City as the first and currently the only Chinese bank in Kuwait. Meanwhile, it is also the fourth branch of ICBC in the Middle East, following branches in Dubai, Abu Dhabi and Doha. On 25 May 2015, the Company further strengthened its presence in the Middle East and Europe by purchasing Turkey's TekstilBank and forming its ICBC Turkey subsidiary.[39]

ICBC Financial Services, the bank's brokerage unit, provided about $88 billion of repo financing at the end of 2015, up from $59 billion two years ago, according to regulatory filings. The figures are before netting agreements that can be used to reduce overall assets and liabilities. Almost all the repo financing that ICBC provides is on U.S. government bonds.[40]

On 18 November 2016, the bank obtained a license to take deposits in Russia.[citation needed]

ICBC launched robo-advisor service to its wealth-management operations in 2017.[41][42]

As of April 2019, ICBC had lent US$100 billion for Belt and Road Initiative projects.[43]: 143  In BRI-participating countries, ICBC has 124 branches.[43]: 143–144 

In November 2023, the bank was subject to a ransomware attack, preventing certain trades from clearing.[44] The attack was against the US unit of ICBC, which at the time was considered the world's largest lender by assets, as reported by Bloomberg.[45] The bank was hacked by LockBit, a ransomware group.[46] described by Bloomberg as "a criminal gang with ties to Russia."[45] The attack against ICBC resulted in the bank being unable to clear a large number of US Treasury trades over the next day and forced others to reroute orders, upsetting normal operations.[47] Lockbit ultimately claimed that the bank paid the ransom, a statement which Reuters was unable to verify.[48]

Finances

edit

Accounting

edit

ICBC has the policy[49] of preparing accounts conforming to the[5] International Financial Reporting Standards,[50][5] accepting specifically criteria IFRS 9 (pertains to the definition and rating of asset, liability, and a number of all of the existing purchasing contracts for non-financial purchases[51]) from 1 January 2018. and IFRS 16 (pertaining to lease[52]) from 1 January 2019.[49]

Basic figures

edit

Financials in Renminbi[2][53][54][55][56][57][58]

Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Revenue, bln 107.5 126.7 193.1 181.6 257.4 310.2 309.4 380.7
Net Income, bln 2.473 2.311 33.70 49.26 81.52 110.8 129.4 166.0
Assets, trln 5.279 5.671 6.454 7.509 8.684 9.757 11.79 13.46
Equity, bln 170.5 163.0 253.4 466.5 538.4 602.7 673.9 820.4
Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Revenue, bln 470.6 529.7 578.9 634.9 668.7 641.7 675.7 725.1
Net Income, bln 208.4 238.7 263.0 276.3 277.7 279.1 287.5 298.7
Assets, trln 15.48 17.54 18.92 20.61 22.21 24.14 26.09 27.70
Equity, bln 956.7 1125 1274 1531 1789 1970 2127 2330

Environmental policy and record

edit

In 2008, ICBC was the first Chinese bank to adopt the Equator Principles, an international set of social and environmental standards for financial institutions launched in 2003.[59] It has also adopted the Green Credit Policy launched in 2007 by the Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection.[60] International environmental groups have criticized ICBC for failing to adhere to its social environmental standards and of being hypocritical, because ICBC is involved in the financing of the controversial Gilgel Gibe III Dam in Ethiopia.[59]

ICBC is among other state-owned banks to receive regulatory approval for a $13.6 billion (88.5 billion yuan) state-backed green fund in 2021. ICBC and Bank of China will finance environmentally friendly projects along the Yangtze River by investing 8 billion yuan each in the National Green Development Fund.[61]

Subsidiaries

edit

ICBC Credit Suisse Asset Management is a major domestic subsidiary of ICBC in mainland China. International subsidiaries include ICBC (Asia) in Hong Kong, ICBC (Macau), ICBC Standard Bank in London, ICBC (Europe) in Luxembourg, ICBC Turkey in Istanbul, ICBC Argentina in Buenos Aires, as well as other significant subsidiaries in Thailand, Pakistan, Switzerland, Canada, USA, and Mexico and a retail branch in Singapore.

ICBC (Europe) S.A., based in Luxembourg, operates a network covering branches in major European cities, namely Paris, Amsterdam, Brussels, Milan, Madrid, Barcelona, Warsaw and Lisbon.[62]

Leadership

edit

President of Industrial and Commercial Bank of China

  • Chen Li [zh], president January 1984 - July 1985
  • Zhang Xiao [zh], president July 1985 - January 1997
  • Liu Tinghuan [zh], president January 1997 - February 2000
  • Jiang Jianqing, president February 2000 - October 2005, chairman October 2005 - May 2016
  • Yang Kaisheng [zh], president October 2005 - May 2013
  • Yi Huiman, president May 2013 - September 2016, chairman September 2016 - January 2019
  • Gu Shu, president September 2016 - January 2021
  • Chen Siqing, chairman April 2019 - February 2024
  • Liao Lin [zh], president since January 2021, chairman since February 2024

As of 17 May 2020, the full board membership was:[63]

Controversies

edit

In 2005, the Chinese government arrested several government officials in addition to bankers with regards to the accusation of a scheme to take illegally US$900 million from ICBC.[65]

ICBC lent $400 million towards the completion of the Gibe III dam in Ethiopia. Groups that opposed the dam such as International Rivers and Survival International have complained about or have written to ICBC against the dam's funding.[66][67]

In November 2015, ICBC Standard Bank, an overseas subsidiary acquired in February of that year, agreed to pay a fine of a maximum of $40 million to UK authorities.[68]

On 17 February 2016, the Spanish Guardia Civil supported by Europol, arrested six executives of the Spanish location of the bank accused of money-laundering, who were convicted in 2020 by the Audiencia Nacional.[69][70]

In 2018, the US Federal Reserve had found "serious deficiencies" of the bank on anti-money laundering protections.[71]

On 12 August 2021, a former senior banker at Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, Gu Guoming was sentenced to life in jail by Chinese authorities, after being found guilty of bribery.[72]

Awards

edit

References

edit
  1. ^ Chinese language version and transliteration here does not include the word "Limited", as shown within the introduction; c.f. (foot of p.207) "..ICBC's legal status was changed..its new name changed to ICBC Limited...", in, Franklin Allen, Darien Huang, Jun 'QJ' Qian, Mengxin Zhao (2012) — p. 207[permanent dead link‍] of (Masahiko Aoki, Jinglian Wu; editors) — The Chinese Economy: A New Transition[permanent dead link‍], published by Palgrave Macmillan 19 October 2012 ISBN 1137034300, ISBN 9781137034304 – accessdate 2020-02-08 ("limited" sourcedese word for Industrial and commercial bank of China&pg=PT"Section 1")], published by Routledge 15 July 2016, ISBN 1317528549, ISBN 9781317528548 – accessdate 2020-02-08 (page locatable using the search criteria "the chinese word for Industrial and commercial bank of China": link directs to Google return page not source; this source used to source "Pinyin", transliteration (phonetic) of pinyin version and to verify actual pinyin version)
  2. ^ a b c d e "Annual Report 2018" (PDF). Industrial and Commercial Bank of China. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 June 2019. Retrieved 31 May 2019.
  3. ^ a b "ICBC Annual Report 2016" (PDF). ICBC. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
  4. ^ "in pdf on page 91 (AUM)" (PDF). icbc.com.cn.
  5. ^ a b c d Francis Garrido & Saqib Chaudhry (2019) — The world's 100 largest banks, published 5 April 2019 by S & P Global – accessed 8 February 2020
  6. ^ a b 中央汇金投资有限责任公司 – (Central Huijin Investment Co., Ltd) & Bank Profiles, BankTrack, published November 2016, republished 2019 April 12 – accessdate 7 February 2020
  7. ^ "The World's Biggest Public Companies List – Forbes". Forbes. Retrieved 27 May 2022.
  8. ^ Jimenea, Adrian (30 April 2024). "The world's largest banks by assets, 2024". S&P Global.
  9. ^ The Banker, "Chinese bank tops global 1,000 ranking for first time". BBC. 1 July 2013. Archived from the original on 1 July 2013. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
  10. ^ Ban.k Rankings – Top Banks in the World, published by Accuity (Reed Business Information Limited) – accessdate 9 February 2020
  11. ^ http://www.icbc.com.cn/icbc/en/newsupdates/icbc news/ICBCRanksFirstamongTop1000WorldBanksforSevenConsecutiveYears.htm – accessed 2 February 2020 (this source was used to add part not all of the associated content)
  12. ^ "The World's Biggest Public Companies List – Forbes". Forbes. Archived from the original on 10 April 2015. Retrieved 6 November 2016.
  13. ^ "Statista".
  14. ^ "ICBC". Forbes. Retrieved 3 April 2022.
  15. ^ a b D. Luo (2016) — The Development of the Chinese Financial System and Reform of Chinese Commercial Banks, p.1 – 1.1, published Springer 8 March 2016 ISBN 1137454660, ISBN 9781137454669 The Nottingham China Policy Institute Series – accessed 26 February 2020
  16. ^ C. Meng (2009) — Multinational Banking in China: Theory and Practice, p.30 – THE LIBERALIZATION PROCESS OF CHINA'S BANKING INDUSTRY, published at Edward Elgar Publishing 1 January 2009 ISBN 184844611X, ISBN 9781848446113, New horizons in international business – accessed 26 February 2020
  17. ^ a b http://www.icbc-ltd.com/ICBCLtd/About Us/ICBC History/ – accessed 8 February 2020
  18. ^ a b c d Vários Autores, Hassanali Mehran, Bernard Laurens, Marc Quintyn, Thomas Nordman, International Monetary Fund Staff (1996) — Monetary and Exchange System Reforms in China: An Experiment in Gradualism, p.12 (loads to 10), published by the International Monetary Fund 26 September 1996 ISBN 1557755620, ISBN 9781557755629, IMF Occasional Paper no. 141 – accessed 26 February 2020
  19. ^ 2016 Annual Report (PDF) (Report). Industrial and Commercial Bank of China. 2017. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
  20. ^ a b 北京市人民政府批转《中国人民银行北京市分行关于银行体制改革的请示》的通知 (Press release) (in Chinese (China)). Beijing Municipal People's Government. 31 January 1984. p. 3. Retrieved 6 February 2020.) – re-access (using translation function) 26 February 2020
  21. ^ Roach, Stephen S. (2022). Accidental Conflict: America, China, and the Clash of False Narratives. New Haven: Yale University Press. doi:10.12987/9780300269017. ISBN 978-0-300-26901-7. JSTOR j.ctv2z0vv2v. OCLC 1347023475.
  22. ^ "Gateway to Europe-Business-chinadaily.com.cn". usa.chinadaily.com.cn. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
  23. ^ "Nation's largest commercial bank launches IPO". Chinadaily.com.cn. 27 September 2006. Archived from the original on 29 August 2018. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
  24. ^ "A dragon stirs". The Economist. 12 October 2006. Archived from the original on 7 November 2006. Retrieved 3 December 2006.
  25. ^ a b "VRL KnowledgeBank". 29 September 2007. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
  26. ^ [1] [dead link‍]
  27. ^ "HITC Business – News". News.hereisthecity.com. Archived from the original on 11 March 2011. Retrieved 11 January 2017.
  28. ^ "Order Approving Establishment of a Branch-Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited" (PDF). Federalreserve.gov. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 August 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
  29. ^ Melby, Caleb (28 November 2016). "When Chinese Bank's Trump Lease Ends, Potential Conflict Begins". Bloomberg.com. Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
  30. ^ Alexander, Dan. "Forbes Estimates China Paid Trump At Least $5.4 Million Since He Took Office, Via Mysterious Trump Tower Lease". Forbes. Retrieved 3 April 2023.
  31. ^ "Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Successfully Acquires 70% Stake in Bank of East Asia (Canada)". Xinhua News Agency (in Chinese). 28 January 2010. Retrieved 21 May 2024.
  32. ^ Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Ranks Among the World's Top 4 Credit Card Issuers Archived 6 January 2014 at the Wayback Machine Central Daily News. 25 February 2010. Archived 6 January 2014.
  33. ^ "My Gift Card Mall". www.icbc.com.cn. Retrieved 21 May 2024.
  34. ^ Staff Reporter (25 February 2010). "ICBC posts 33% growth in credit cards issued". Asian Banking & Finance. Retrieved 21 May 2024.
  35. ^ "Spain's Civil Guard Launches Money Laundering Operation Against China's ICBC In Madrid". Thespainreport.com. Archived from the original on 27 May 2018. Retrieved 11 January 2017.
  36. ^ "More Chinese banks stop transactions with N.Korea – Mubasher". English.mubasher.info. 11 May 2013. Archived from the original on 12 October 2017. Retrieved 18 May 2013.
  37. ^ Standard Bank to sell London business to ICBC for over $500 mln, International: Reuters, 31 July 2013, archived from the original on 24 September 2015, retrieved 1 July 2017
  38. ^ "中国工商银行股份有限公司网站-关于我行栏目-工行新闻栏目-中国企业首次登顶福布斯全球企业2000强". www.icbc.com.sg. Retrieved 21 May 2024.
  39. ^ "ICBC becomes active in Turkey". Hurriyet Daily News. 25 May 2015.
  40. ^ "Using Chinese Money, a Hedge-Fund Startup Bets Big in Treasuries", Bloomberg.com, 22 August 2016, archived from the original on 22 October 2016, retrieved 7 March 2017
  41. ^ "ICBC launches robo-adviser service for wealth-management products". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 14 November 2017. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
  42. ^ "ICBC Begins Robo Wealth Management". Finews.asia. Archived from the original on 15 November 2017. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
  43. ^ a b Chen, Muyang (2024). The Latecomer's Rise: Policy Banks and the Globalization of China's Development Finance. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press. ISBN 9781501775857. JSTOR 10.7591/jj.6230186.
  44. ^ "Ransomware attack on ICBC disrupts US Treasury market". Financial Times. Retrieved 3 April 2023.
  45. ^ a b "World's Largest Bank Hit by Ransomware Gang Linked to Boeing, Ion Attacks". Bloomberg. 9 November 2023.
  46. ^ "Lockbit Gang Hacks into Another US Financial Firm, Threatens to Dump Data". Bloomberg. 17 November 2023.
  47. ^ "ICBC Flies Top Executives to US in Race to Contain Hack Fallout". Bloomberg. 14 November 2023.
  48. ^ "'Deal closed': Hacking gang says China's ICBC paid ransom over US breach". 14 November 2023.
  49. ^ a b Offering Circular, p.6, London Stock Exchange – accessdate 9 February 2020
  50. ^ ifrs standards, published by Corporate Finance Institute Education Inc – accessdate 9 February 2020
  51. ^ List of standards, published by IFRS – accessdate 9 February 2020
  52. ^ List of standards, published by IFRS – accessdate 9 February 2020
  53. ^ "Annual Report 2004" (PDF). Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 August 2011. Retrieved 22 July 2018.
  54. ^ "Annual Report 2005" (PDF). Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited. Retrieved 22 July 2018.
  55. ^ "Annual Report 2008" (PDF). Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2018.
  56. ^ "Annual Report 2011" (PDF). Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 July 2018. Retrieved 22 July 2018.
  57. ^ "Annual Report 2014" (PDF). Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 May 2018. Retrieved 22 July 2018.
  58. ^ "Annual Report 2017" (PDF). Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited. 27 March 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 July 2018. Retrieved 22 July 2018.
  59. ^ a b "Ethiopia Dam Blot on China's Aid Record". South China Morning Post, Hong Kong. 7 June 2010. Archived from the original on 28 March 2014. Retrieved 2 September 2012.
  60. ^ Motoko Aizawa. "China s Green Credit Policy" (PDF). pp. 24 February 2011. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 March 2013. Retrieved 2 September 2012.
  61. ^ "ICBC, Bank of China get regulator's nod to provide financing to US$13.6 billion state-backed green fund". South China Morning Post. 28 April 2021. Archived from the original on 27 January 2024. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
  62. ^ "ICBC's Five Branches in Europe Start Operation". Icbc.com.cn. Archived from the original on 16 September 2016. Retrieved 11 January 2017.
  63. ^ "ICBC Board".
  64. ^ "MOVES-China picks BoC boss Chen Siqing to head top bank ICBC – sources". Reuters. 22 April 2019. Retrieved 24 July 2020.
  65. ^ Browne, Andrew (18 January 2005). Written at Hong Kong. "Arrests Made in ICBC Scandal". The Wall Street Journal. New York City. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
  66. ^ China's largest bank to fund devastating Ethiopian dam Archived 14 June 2010 at the Wayback Machine, Survival International
  67. ^ China's Biggest Bank to Support Africa's Most Destructive Dam Archived 17 June 2010 at the Wayback Machine, International Rivers
  68. ^ Bowers, Simon (27 November 2015). "ICBC Standard Bank agrees deferred prosecution settlement with SFO". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
  69. ^ "Directors of Chinese bank arrested in Spain in money laundering probe" (Press release). Europol. 17 February 2016. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
  70. ^ Gabilondo, Pablo (2 July 2020). "Condenan a la excúpula de ICBC en España por blanquear dinero de grupos criminales". El Confidencial. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  71. ^ Feng, Emily; Sender, Henny (14 March 2018). Written at Beijing and Hong Kong. "Fed finds 'serious deficiencies' at China's ICBC". Financial Times. London.
  72. ^ "China sentences former senior ICBC banker to life for bribery". Reuters. 12 August 2021. Retrieved 12 August 2021.
  73. ^ "ICBC". Forbes. Retrieved 6 February 2010.
  74. ^ Swift, Ryan (16 May 2019). "Industrial and Commercial Bank of China tops Forbes' Global 2000 list for seventh year, while 'Made in China 2025' sectors languish". South China Morning Post. Hong Kong. Retrieved 6 February 2020.

Bibliography

edit

Flora Xiao Huang, Horace Yeung (2019) Chinese Companies and the Hong Kong Stock Market, sub-heading 6.4.4, published by Routledge, 30 October 2013 ISBN 1134671113, ISBN 9781134671113

edit
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Industrial_and_Commercial_Bank_of_China&oldid=1263623578"