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2010 Hungarian parliamentary election

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Parliamentary elections were held in Hungary on 11 and 25 April 2010 to elect the members of the National Assembly.[1] They were the sixth free elections since the end of the communist era. 386 Members of Parliament (MPs) were elected in a combined system of party lists and electoral constituencies.[2] Electoral law in Hungary requires candidates to gather 500 signatures from citizens supporting their candidacy.

2010 Hungarian parliamentary election
← 2006 11 April 2010 (first round)
25 April 2010 (second round)		 2014 →
All 386 seats in the National Assembly
194 seats needed for a majority
Turnout64.38% (first round)
46.66% (second round)
  First party Second party
 
Leader Viktor Orbán Attila Mesterházy
Party Fidesz–KDNP MSZP
Leader since 17 May 2003 12 December 2009[a]
Last election 164 seats, 42.03% 192 seats, 43.21%
Seats won
Fidesz 227, KDNP 36
Seat change Increase 99 Decrease 133
1R vote and % 2,729,327 (53.4%) 1,087,097 (21.3%)
2R vote and % 620,232 (53.8%) 326,361 (28.3%)
Party vote 2,706,292 990,428
% and swing 52.73% Increase10.70 pp 19.30% Decrease23.91 pp
  Third party Fourth party
 
Leader Gábor Vona András Schiffer
Party Jobbik LMP
Leader since 25 November 2006 2009
Last election 0 seats, 2.20% Did not exist
Seats won
Seat change Increase 47 New party
1R vote and % 835,841 (16.4%) 258,078 (5.1%)
2R vote and % 141,415 (12.3%) 43,437 (3.8%)
Party vote 855,436 383,876
% and swing 16.67% Increase14.47 pp 7.48% New
Results of the election. A darker shade indicates a higher vote share. Proportional list results are displayed in the top left.
Government before election

Bajnai Government
MSZP

Government after election

Second Orbán Government
Fidesz–KDNP

In the first round of the elections, the conservative party Fidesz won the absolute majority of seats, enough to form a government on its own. In the second round, the alliance of Fidesz and the Christian Democratic People's Party (KDNP) won enough seats to achieve a two-thirds majority required to modify major laws and the country's constitution.

Background

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Fidesz's landslide victory was a result of massive dissatisfaction with the Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP), which had been in government since 2002. One event that provoked an especially strong backlash was the revelation that the MSZP's Ferenc Gyurcsány, Prime Minister from 2004 to 2009, had admitted in a private speech to party members that he had lied to the general public during the previous election campaign to help his party win re-election. The Őszöd speech, as it came to be called, surfaced in the press during the autumn of 2006 and resulted in nationwide protests.

Polls

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The Hungarian Democratic Forum (MDF) and Alliance of Free Democrats (SZDSZ) entered a limited electoral cooperation agreement after polls suggested that they would be unlikely to make it into parliament independently.[3] In March 2010, polls also indicated that parliament after the election would likely be dominated by Fidesz, polling at 53–67% that month, followed by either the ruling Hungarian Socialist Party at 12–22% or newcomer Jobbik (Movement for a Better Hungary) at 11–18%.[4][5]

Opinion polls

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Election Party preferences in percentage
(What percentage of eligible voters would have voted for the party)
Agency Date Fidesz MSZP Jobbik MDF LMP SZDSZ KDNP Other
Medián[6] 25 November 2009 66 19 10 2 1 1 n/a 1
Tárki[7] 25 November 2009 68 17 11 1 1 1 2 n/a
Századvég-Forsense[8] 26 November 2009 59 20 12 3 3 1 n/a 3
Tárki[9] 16 December 2009 63 19 12 1 3 1 n/a n/a
Századvég-Forsense[10] 21 December 2009 64 17 9 3 2 0 n/a 4
Medián[11] 25 December 2009 61 23 9 2 1 1 n/a 3
Szonda Ipsos[12] 17 January 2010 63 21 12 2 n/a 1 0 1
Forsense[13] 21 January 2010 59 17 15 5 3 n/a n/a n/a
Medián[14] 21 January 2010 65 19 10 3 1 0 n/a 2
Századvég-Kód[15] 26 January 2010 59 23 10 4 2 1 1 n/a
Tárki[16] 27 January 2010 62 22 11 3 1 1 n/a n/a
Szonda Ipsos[17] 12 February 2010 58 22 14 2 1 1 0 3
Századvég-Kód[18] 18 February 2010 58 23 10 5 3 1 - -
Forsense[19] 22 February 2010 59 18 14 2 5 0 n/a 1
Medián[20] 24 February 2010 63 18 15 2 1 n/a n/a 1
Tárki[21] 3 March 2010 61 22 11 2 3 n/a n/a 1
Szonda Ipsos[22] 11 March 2010 57 20 17 1 3 1 0 1
Nézőpont Intézet[23] 14 March 2010 53 12 12 2 2 n/a n/a 0
Medián[24] 17 March 2010 57 21 18 1 2 n/a n/a 1
Szonda Ipsos[25] 18 March 2010 64 12 13 3 5 n/a n/a 3
Gallup[26] 25 March 2010 67 15 14 1 4 n/a n/a 0
Századvég-Kód[27] 29 March 2010 59 16 17 3 3 n/a n/a n/a

Controversies

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The European Parliament elections of 2009 in Hungary saw the rise of right-wing and far-right parties. This trend was covered negatively by some foreign media outlets that feared the rise of intolerance and xenophobia in the country.[28] In addition, Fidesz Member of Parliament Oszkár Molnár was accused of antisemitism after saying "I love Hungary, I love Hungarians, and I prefer Hungarian interests to global financial capital, or Jewish capital, if you like, which wants to devour the whole world, but especially Hungary." He later said that it was only a response to a speech by President of Israel Shimon Peres in which Peres said that his country aims to "colonise" Hungary when he spoke of Israel's investments abroad, and claimed that Israel was "buying out Manhattan, Poland, Hungary...."[29][30] Jobbik leader Gábor Vona, also stirred up controversy with allegations of chauvinism by saying "Hungary is for Hungarians" and must be defended against "foreign speculators".[citation needed] Molnár also claimed that the language of instruction in Jerusalem schools was Hungarian and they were "learning the language of their future homeland". His party at the time, Fidesz, did not denounce his statement but simply said it was "embarrassing". Adding that he would not even consider ousting Molnar from his party or parliamentary faction, as the remark "did not violate the party's bylaws".[31] Molnár also claimed that pregnant Roma women deliberately try to induce birth defects so they can give birth to "fools to receive higher family subsidies. I have checked this and it’s true; they hit their bellies with a rubber hammer so that they’ll give birth to handicapped kids." In 2011, he denounced Roma women at the Hungarian police authorities.[32]

Another Fidesz parliamentarian, Ilona Ékes, wrote to the police to ban a gay pride event in Budapest, saying that homosexuality was a mental illness and demonstrators would scandalise people, as they did in previous years, when homosexual activists imitated sexual intercourse on stage and other activists were allegedly blasphemous.[33][34] According to Ékes, the demonstrations would harm youngsters, whose school season was to start on the same day.[clarification needed][35]

A Hungarian analyst was cited as saying Fidesz tolerates such provocative rhetoric from its members because of fears they would vote for Jobbik instead.[citation needed]

Foreign interference

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Former Jobbik MEP Krisztina Morvai wrote an open letter to Eleni Tsakopoulos Kounalakis, the United States Ambassador to Hungary, alleging foreign interference after the ambassador visited the headquarters of three major parties but not that of Jobbik.[36]

Results

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2010 Hungarian parliamentary election, first round: First-placed candidates by parties in the single-seat constituencies:
██ = majority won by Fidesz-KDNP (119)
██ = plurality, Fidesz-KDNP (56)
██ = plurality, MSZP (1)
 
2010 Hungarian parliamentary election, first round: second-place candidates by parties in the single-seat constituencies
██ = MSZP (112)
██ = Jobbik (60)
██ = Somogyért Szövetség (1)
██ = Fidesz-KDNP (1)
██ = independent candidate (2)
 
PartyProportionalSMCs (first round)SMCs (second round)Seats
Votes%SeatsVotes%SeatsVotes%SeatsNationalTotal /–
Fidesz-KDNP2,706,29252.73872,732,96553.43119620,23253.81533262 99
Hungarian Socialist Party990,42819.30281,088,37421.280326,36128.3122959–131
Jobbik855,43616.6726836,77416.360141,41512.2702147 47
Politics Can Be Different383,8767.485259,2205.07043,4373.7701116 16
Hungarian Democratic Forum136,8952.67072,7681.42000–11
Civil Movement45,8630.89034,9380.68000New
Hungarian Workers' Party5,6060.1105,6680.110000
Social Democratic Party of Hungary4,1170.0803,1560.06000New
Unity Party2,7320.0503,4220.07000New
Hungarian Justice and Life Party1,2860.0302,3450.050000
Hungarian Democratic Forum–Alliance of Free Democrats12,6520.25000–
Fidesz–KDNP–Entrepreneurs' Party10,6610.2108,7960.76101–
Association for Somogy7,4700.15000–1
Hungarian Democratic Forum–Összefogás Megyénkért4,0520.08000–
Torgyán-Kisgazda-Koalíció3,0790.06000New
Green Left1,4250.03000New
Magyarok Egymásért Szövetsége1,0270.02000New
Forum of Hungarian Gypsy Organizations Roma Co-operation Party4910.010000
Independent Smallholders Party3810.010000
Independents33,7020.66012,4521.081–1 1
Total5,132,531100.001465,114,570100.001191,152,693100.0057643860
Valid votes5,132,53199.275,114,57098.931,152,69399.39
Invalid/blank votes37,9080.7355,4281.077,1180.61
Total votes5,170,439100.005,169,998100.001,159,811100.00
Registered voters/turnout8,034,39464.358,034,39464.352,486,11146.65
Source: National Election Office, Election Resources

Party list results by county

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County[37][38] Fidesz-KDNP MSZP Jobbik LMP MDF Others
Bács-Kiskun 60.45 14.62 15.70 5.58 2.23 1.43
Baranya 54.53 21.07 12.68 8.90 2.83 –
Békés 53.20 18.45 19.21 5.21 2.05 1.89
Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén 45.87 18.90 27.20 4.20 1.84 1.98
Budapest 46.32 25.33 10.84 12.81 4.70 –
Csongrád 50.72 20.38 15.93 7.66 2.57 2.75
Fejér 54.16 17.91 16.20 6.96 2.69 2.07
Győr-Moson-Sopron 59.68 16.87 12.57 6.32 2.95 1.60
Hajdú-Bihar 57.92 14.04 18.86 5.05 2.34 1.78
Heves 45.78 21.02 24.97 6.04 2.19 –
Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok 49.42 17.88 24.01 5.65 2.13 0.91
Komárom-Esztergom 51.31 23.39 13.76 8.37 3.17 –
Nógrád 51.84 20.39 20.82 5.57 – 1.37
Pest 52.90 17.58 16.52 8.35 2.75 1.89
Somogy 59.63 19.74 14.23 6.39 – –
Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg 53.84 14.84 23.64 2.86 1.81 3.01
Tolna 58.68 17.88 15.44 5.45 2.54 –
Vas 62.77 16.96 12.09 6.37 – 1.81
Veszprém 56.79 18.81 14.66 7.15 2.59 –
Zala 57.21 16.85 16.91 5.80 2.65 0.58
Total 52.73 19.30 16.67 7.48 2.67 1.16

Turnout

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All times are CEST.

Round 1[39]
7:00 9:00 11:00 13:00 15:00 17:30 Overall
1.61% 10.23% 24.78% 35.88% 46.78% 59.28% 64.36%
Round 2[39]
7:00 9:00 11:00 13:00 15:00 17:30 Overall
1.36% 8.50% 19.37% 27.11% 33.54% 41.89% 46.52%

Post-election controversies

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Four Jobbik MPs—Gábor Staudt, Gergő Balla, Zsolt Endrésik and Péter Schön—were removed from their committees because they had failed a vetting procedure that asked whether any MP's maintain contact with groups that engage in "activities that deny the basic principles of a state governed by the rule of law." Staudt, a co-founder of the Magyar Gárda Society—that was banned in 2007—had been on the national security committee, while the other three were on the defence and law enforcement committees. Staudt reacted in saying he found the result to be unconstitutional, and that he would file a criminal report with the interior minister against Defence of the Constitution Office director general László Balajti. The four would, however, continue to be MPs.[40]

References

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  38. ^ "A pártok területi listáinak eredményei országos összesítésben".
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Notes

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  1. ^ Mesterházy was selected as the MSZP's Prime Minister candidate on 12 December 2009, but was not leader of the party until July 2010.
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