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Jackson County, Oregon

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For other uses, see Jackson County.

Jackson County is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, the population was 223,259.[1] The county seat is Medford.[2][3] The county is named for Andrew Jackson, the seventh president of the United States.[4] Jackson County comprises the Medford, OR Metropolitan Statistical Area. There are 11 incorporated cities and 34 unincorporated communities in Jackson County; the largest is Medford, which has been the county seat since 1927.[5]

Jackson County
County
From clockwise: Jackson County Courthouse and Office Building, Medford Mormon Temple, Southern Oregon University's Hannon Library, Cascade–Siskiyou National Monument, Mount Ashland, Old Jackson County Courthouse
Official seal of Jackson County
Seal
Map of Oregon highlighting Jackson County
Location within the U.S. state of Oregon
Map of the United States highlighting Oregon
Oregon's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 42°25′N 122°44′W / 42.42°N 122.74°W / 42.42; -122.74
Country United States
State Oregon
FoundedJanuary 12, 1852
Named forAndrew Jackson
SeatMedford
Largest cityMedford
Area
 • Total
2,802 sq mi (7,260 km2)
 • Land2,784 sq mi (7,210 km2)
 • Water18 sq mi (50 km2)  1%
Population
 (2020)
 • Total
223,259
 • Estimate 
(2023)
220,768 Decrease
 • Density80/sq mi (31/km2)
Time zoneUTC−8 (Pacific)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−7 (PDT)
Congressional district2nd
Websitejacksoncountyor.gov

History

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Modoc, Shasta, Takelma, Latgawa, and Umpqua Indian tribes are all native to the region of present Jackson County. Prior to the 1850s, the Klickitats from the north raided the area.

The Territorial Legislature created Jackson County on January 12, 1852, from the southwestern portion of Lane County and the unorganized area south of Douglas and Umpqua Counties. It included lands which now lie in Coos, Curry, Josephine, Klamath and Lake Counties. Gold discoveries in the Illinois River valley and the Rogue River valley near Jacksonville in 1852, and the completion of a wagon road connecting the county with California to the south and Douglas County to the north led to an influx of non-native settlers.

Conflict between the miners and Native Americans led to war in 1853, which continued intermittently until the final defeat of the last band under chiefs John and George by a combined force of regular army and civilians May 29, 1856, at Big Bend on the Rogue River. The Native Americans had received the worse of the fighting throughout this conflict, and as they began to surrender, they were herded to existing reservations, beginning in January 1856 when one group was marched to the Grand Ronde Indian Reservation west of Salem. Over the following months, other groups were forced to leave until by May 1857 almost all of the Shasta, Takelma, and Latgawas tribes had been relocated to the Siletz Reservation, where they remained.

Jacksonville was designated as the first county seat in 1853. However, Jacksonville declined due to diminishing returns in the local goldfields and the construction in the 1880s of the Oregon and California Railroad. This railroad bypassed Jacksonville and instead went through Medford, located five miles (8.0 km) east of Jacksonville. Medford's prospects improved because of the location of the railroad and the accompanying commerce and development as Jacksonville continued its steady decline. Jacksonville fended off suggestions to move the county seat until 1927 when Medford was finally selected as the county seat.

In March 2004, Jackson County became the first of an eventual 35 counties in Oregon to implement a voluntary plan of fireproofing homes situated on properties zoned as part of the forestland-urban interface. This requires homeowners to maintain a 30' or greater firebreak around their structures, and affects 12,000 homeowners. In 2007, this plan becomes mandatory for many landowners, under threat of liability if their property is involved in a fire.

On May 15, 2007, residents voted not to reopen the county's 15 libraries, which had been closed since April 6 due to a shortage of funds.[6] This was the largest library closure in the history of the United States.[7] The libraries were reopened, with reduced hours, on October 24, 2007.[8]

Geography

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Map of Jackson County
 
Campground in Valley of the Rogue State Park on the banks of the Rogue River adjacent to Interstate 5.[9]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 2,802 square miles (7,260 km2), of which 2,784 square miles (7,210 km2) is land and 18 square miles (47 km2) (0.6%) is water.[10] A portion of the Umpqua National Forest is in Jackson County.

Located entirely within Jackson County is Bear Creek and its watershed, a tributary of the Rogue River.[11] The population centers of Medford, Ashland, Phoenix, Talent, and Central Point are located along the stream. It connects with the Rogue River near the Upper and Lower Table Rock lava formations.

Summits

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Adjacent counties

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National protected areas

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Other landforms

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Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18603,736—
18704,77827.9%
18808,15470.7%
189011,45540.5%
190013,69819.6%
191025,75688.0%
192020,405−20.8%
193032,91861.3%
194036,21310.0%
195058,51061.6%
196073,96226.4%
197094,53327.8%
1980132,45640.1%
1990146,38910.5%
2000181,26923.8%
2010203,20612.1%
2020223,2599.9%
2023 (est.)220,768[12]−1.1%
U.S. Decennial Census[13]
1790–1960[14] 1900–1990[15]
1990–2000[16] 2010–2020[1]

2000 census

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As of the census[17] of 2000, there were 181,269 people, 71,532 households, and 48,427 families living in the county. The population density was 65 people per square mile (25 people/km2). There were 75,737 housing units at an average density of 27 units per square mile (10/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 91.65% White, 0.40% Black or African American, 1.09% Native American, 0.90% Asian, 0.18% Pacific Islander, 2.88% from other races, and 2.91% from two or more races. 6.69% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 17.4% were of German, 12.9% English, 10.2% Irish and 8.8% United States or American ancestry. 92.7% spoke only English at home, while 5.6% spoke Spanish.

Of the 71,532 households, 30.30% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.20% were married couples living together, 10.50% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.30% were non-families. 25.10% of all households were made up of one individual, 11.00% being a person who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 2.95.

The age distribution of the county's population was 24.40% under the age of 18, 8.70% from 18 to 24, 25.50% from 25 to 44, 25.40% from 45 to 64, and 16.00% 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 94.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.70 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $36,461, and the median income for a family was $43,675. Males had a median income of $32,720 compared to $23,690 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,498. 8.90% of families and 12.50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.30% of those under age 18 and 6.90% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census

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As of the 2010 census, there were 203,206 people, 83,076 households, and 53,460 families living in the county.[18] The population density was 73.0 inhabitants per square mile (28.2/km2). There were 90,937 housing units at an average density of 32.7 units per square mile (12.6 units/km2).[19] The racial makeup of the county was 88.7% white, 1.2% Asian, 1.2% American Indian, 0.7% black or African American, 0.3% Pacific islander, 4.5% from other races, and 3.5% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 10.7% of the population.[18] In terms of ancestry, 19.9% were German, 14.4% were English, 14.1% were Irish, and 5.3% were American.[20]

Of the 83,076 households, 28.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.4% were married couples living together, 11.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 35.6% were non-families, and 27.7% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.91. The median age was 42.1 years.[18]

The median income for a household in the county was $44,142 and the median income for a family was $53,739. Males had a median income of $40,435 versus $30,632 for females. The per capita income for the county was $24,410. About 9.9% of families and 14.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.0% of those under age 18 and 7.4% of those age 65 or over.[21]

Communities

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Cities

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Census-designated places

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Unincorporated communities

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Former communities

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Politics

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As is typical of southwestern Oregon, Jackson County leans towards the Republican nominee in presidential elections, although the presence of a substantial student body at Ashland means Democrats get a larger proportion of the vote in statewide elections than in any other county south of the Willamette Valley. No Democratic presidential candidate has won an absolute majority in Jackson County since Lyndon Johnson's landslide in 1964, although Bill Clinton in 1992 and Barack Obama in 2008 obtained narrow pluralities in the county, in both cases by less than 500 votes. In recent elections, however, the Republican lean in Jackson County has presented some signs of waning. The four most recent instances in which Republicans have been able to win the county had them doing so only by single digit margins.[22]

In the United States House of Representatives, Jackson County lies within Oregon's 2nd congressional district, which has a Cook Partisan Voting Index of R 11 and is represented by Republican Cliff Bentz. In the Oregon House of Representatives, Jackson County is divided between four districts, which are together represented by three Republicans and one Democrat (Pam Marsh of Ashland). In the Oregon State Senate, Jackson County is divided between three districts; the 2nd and 28th Districts, represented by Republicans Art Robinson and Dennis Linthicum, and the 3rd District, represented by Democrat Jeff Golden.

Jackson County is currently one of 11 counties in Oregon in which therapeutic psilocybin is legal.

United States presidential election results for Jackson County, Oregon[23]
Year Republican Democratic Third party(ies)
No.  % No.  % No.  %
2024 61,743 51.64% 54,065 45.22% 3,764 3.15%
2020 63,869 50.23% 59,478 46.77% 3,818 3.00%
2016 53,870 49.27% 44,447 40.66% 11,010 10.07%
2012 49,020 50.47% 44,468 45.78% 3,639 3.75%
2008 49,043 48.53% 49,090 48.58% 2,914 2.88%
2004 56,519 55.31% 44,366 43.42% 1,304 1.28%
2000 46,052 54.31% 33,153 39.10% 5,591 6.59%
1996 33,771 45.86% 29,230 39.69% 10,646 14.46%
1992 28,704 37.23% 29,146 37.80% 19,246 24.96%
1988 32,516 52.52% 28,028 45.27% 1,368 2.21%
1984 37,895 61.76% 23,230 37.86% 234 0.38%
1980 32,879 55.97% 19,903 33.88% 5,958 10.14%
1976 24,237 48.25% 23,384 46.55% 2,615 5.21%
1972 24,003 57.75% 14,529 34.96% 3,029 7.29%
1968 19,577 56.19% 12,714 36.49% 2,551 7.32%
1964 14,598 42.83% 19,486 57.17% 0 0.00%
1960 17,554 54.59% 14,531 45.19% 72 0.22%
1956 17,201 57.46% 12,733 42.54% 0 0.00%
1952 18,279 67.55% 8,674 32.05% 107 0.40%
1948 11,226 58.86% 7,342 38.50% 504 2.64%
1944 8,598 55.74% 6,668 43.23% 160 1.04%
1940 8,507 55.46% 6,754 44.03% 78 0.51%
1936 4,866 34.97% 7,520 54.05% 1,528 10.98%
1932 5,459 40.02% 7,519 55.13% 661 4.85%
1928 8,053 75.43% 2,463 23.07% 160 1.50%
1924 4,868 53.25% 1,840 20.13% 2,433 26.62%
1920 4,382 59.81% 2,503 34.17% 441 6.02%
1916 3,538 39.41% 4,874 54.29% 566 6.30%
1912 847 16.15% 2,079 39.65% 2,317 44.19%
1908 2,032 50.09% 1,537 37.89% 488 12.03%
1904 1,992 61.16% 798 24.50% 467 14.34%
1900 1,565 48.08% 1,525 46.85% 165 5.07%
1896 1,387 36.62% 2,354 62.14% 47 1.24%
1892 959 35.04% 466 17.03% 1,312 47.94%
1888 1,181 45.81% 1,320 51.20% 77 2.99%
1884 947 41.61% 1,251 54.96% 78 3.43%
1880 743 41.03% 1,065 58.81% 3 0.17%

Economy

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The county's principal industries are healthcare, agriculture, lumber, manufacturing, and tourism.[24]

Jackson County has over 10,000 acres (40 km2) of orchards and shares with Josephine County the Rogue Valley and Applegate wine appellations.

Soapstone, a substance used in art sculpture, is mined in Jackson County.[25]

According to the Jackson County Board of Commissioners, by 2021 the main cash crop produced within the county was grows of illegal cannabis, with the board declaring a state of emergency.[26]

Points of interest

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Bear Creek Greenway

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Main article: Bear Creek Greenway

The Bear Creek Greenway is the area on both sides of Bear Creek running from Ashland to Central Point. The Greenway's most popular feature is the bike path which runs from Ashland north towards Medford. Eventually it will be a 21-mile (34 km) paved link between Ashland and Central Point. The bike path is very popular with cyclists and skaters, especially during the warmer spring and summer months.[27]

Bigfoot trap

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Main article: Bigfoot trap

What is believed to be the world's only Bigfoot trap is located in the Siskiyou National Forest in the southern part of the county. The trap was originally built in 1974 by the North American Wildlife Research Team (NAWRT), a now-defunct organization based in Eugene, Oregon to capture the legendary hominid Bigfoot (or Sasquatch) that is said to inhabit the forests of the Pacific Northwest. In recent years it has become a major tourist attraction.

Oregon Vortex

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Main article: Oregon Vortex

The Oregon Vortex is a roadside attraction that opened to tourists in 1930, located on Sardine Creek in Gold Hill. It consists of a number of interesting effects, which are gravity hill optical illusions, but which the attraction's proprietors propose are the result of paranormal properties of the area. The attraction was the inspiration for the Mystery Shack, a tourist trap and the main setting for the Disney Channel (later Disney XD) original series Gravity Falls.

Pacific Crest Trail

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The Pacific Crest Trail, officially designated as the Pacific Crest National Scenic Trail (PCT), passes through Jackson County.[28]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 15, 2023.
  2. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  3. ^ "About Jackson County". Jackson County. Retrieved January 12, 2017.
  4. ^ Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Govt. Print. Off. pp. 167.
  5. ^ "About Medford". Mail Tribune. Archived from the original on January 23, 2008. Retrieved April 29, 2009.
  6. ^ Mann, Damian; "County library levy fails handily" Archived May 19, 2007, at the Wayback Machine at the Mail Tribune; written May 16, 2007; retrieved February 4, 2008
  7. ^ May, Meredith; "Largest library closure in U.S. looms" at the San Francisco Chronicle; written March 4, 2007; retrieved February 4, 2008
  8. ^ Mann, Damian; "Libraries will start to open Oct. 24" Archived June 10, 2011, at the Wayback Machine at the Mail Tribune; written October 9, 2007; retrieved February 4, 2008
  9. ^ Gumprecht Bannan, Jan (2002). Oregon State Parks. The Mountaineers Books. p. 150. ISBN 978-0-89886-794-7.
  10. ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved February 26, 2015.
  11. ^ "Bear Creek Watershed Assessment - Phase 2" (PDF). Rogue Valley Council of Governments]. December 2001. p. 9. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 13, 2010. Retrieved April 21, 2009.
  12. ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023". Retrieved March 24, 2024.
  13. ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 26, 2015.
  14. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved February 26, 2015.
  15. ^ Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 26, 2015.
  16. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 26, 2015. Retrieved February 26, 2015.
  17. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  18. ^ a b c "DP-1 Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved February 23, 2016.
  19. ^ "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved February 23, 2016.
  20. ^ "DP02 SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved February 23, 2016.
  21. ^ "DP03 SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved February 23, 2016.
  22. ^ Menendez, Albert J.; The Geography of Presidential Elections in the United States, 1868–2004, pp. 284–285 ISBN 0786422173
  23. ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved April 11, 2018.
  24. ^ "About Jackson County, Oregon". Jackson County, Oregon. Retrieved February 23, 2019.
  25. ^ St. John, James; Soapstone Archived June 13, 2007, at archive.today at the Oregon State University; retrieved February 4, 2008
  26. ^ "Overwhelmed by illegal pot, Oregon county declares emergency". AP NEWS. October 13, 2021. Retrieved June 21, 2023.
  27. ^ "Bear Creek Greenway Foundation-HOME". www.bearcreekgreenway.com. Archived from the original on June 21, 2009. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
  28. ^ "County Highpoints - Regional Lists".
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42°25′N 122°44′W / 42.42°N 122.74°W / 42.42; -122.74

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