Henri Paul Gaston Maspero (15 December 1883 – 17 March 1945) was a French sinologist and professor who contributed to a variety of topics relating to East Asia. Maspero is best known for his pioneering studies of Daoism. He was imprisoned by the Nazis during World War II and died in the Buchenwald concentration camp.
Henri Maspero | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | |||||||||
| Born | Henri Paul Gaston Maspero 15 December 1883 Paris, France | ||||||||
| Died | 17 March 1945 (aged 61) | ||||||||
| Scientific career | |||||||||
| Fields | Daoism, Chinese history | ||||||||
| Institutions | La Sorbonne École Pratique des Hautes Études | ||||||||
| Academic advisors | Édouard Chavannes Sylvain Lévi | ||||||||
| Chinese name | |||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 馬伯樂 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 马伯乐 | ||||||||
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Life and career
editHenri Maspero was born on 15 December 1883 in Paris, France. His father, Gaston Maspero, was a famous French Egyptologist who was of Italian ancestry. Maspero was also Jewish.[1] After studies in history and literature, in 1905 he joined his father in Egypt and later published the study Les Finances de l'Egypte sous les Lagides. After returning to Paris in 1907, he studied the Chinese language under Édouard Chavannes and law at Institut national des langues et civilisations orientales. In 1908 he went to Hanoi, studying at the École française d'Extrême-Orient.
In 1918 he succeeded Édouard Chavannes as the chair of Chinese at the Collège de France. He published his monumental La Chine Antique in 1927. During the following years he replaced Marcel Granet for the chair of Chinese civilisation at the Sorbonne, directed the department of Chinese religions at the École pratique des hautes études, and was selected to be a member of the Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres.
On 26 July 1944, Maspero and his wife, who were still living in Nazi-occupied Paris, were arrested because of their son's involvement with the French Resistance.[2] Maspero was sent to the Buchenwald concentration camp, where he endured its brutal conditions for over six months before dying on 17 March 1945, aged 61, only three weeks before the camp's liberation by the U.S. Third Army.
See also
edit- Georges Maspero (1872–1942), French sinologist, son of Gaston, brother of Henri and Jean
- Jean Maspero (1885–1915), French papyrologist, brother of Henri and Georges
- François Maspero (1932–2015), French author, journalist and publisher, son of Henri
References
editCitations
edit- ^ Katz (2014), p. xv.
- ^ Yetts (1946), p. 95.
Sources
edit- Auboyer, Jeannine (1947). "Henri Maspero (1883–1945)". Artibus Asiae (in French). 10 (1): 61–64. JSTOR 3248491.61-64&rft.date=1947&rft_id=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3248491#id-name=JSTOR&rft.aulast=Auboyer&rft.aufirst=Jeannine&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Henri Maspero" class="Z3988">
- Demiéville, Paul (1947). "Henri Maspero et l'avenir des études chinoises" [Henri Maspero and the Future of Chinese Studies]. T'oung Pao (in French). 38 (1): 16–42. doi:10.1163/156853297x00473. JSTOR 4527248.16-42&rft.date=1947&rft_id=info:doi/10.1163/156853297x00473&rft_id=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4527248#id-name=JSTOR&rft.aulast=Demiéville&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Henri Maspero" class="Z3988">
- Honey, David B. (2001). Incense at the Altar: Pioneering Sinologists and the Development of Classical Chinese Philology. American Oriental Series 86. New Haven, Connecticut: American Oriental Society. ISBN 0-940490-16-1.
- Katz, Paul R. (2014). Religion in China and Its Modern Fate. Waltham: Brandeis University Press.
- Yetts, W. Perceval (1946). "Obituary Notices – Henri Maspéro". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (1): 95. doi:10.1017/S0035869X00100097. JSTOR 25222077.
External links
edit
Media related to Henri Maspero at Wikimedia Commons
- Some of his works are available free online courtesy of the Université du Québec à Chicoutimi
- Henri Maspero, by E. Bruce Brooks: biography with photographs
