Hazelwood House is an 18th-century Palladian style country house in the parish of Calry, in County Sligo in north-west Ireland. The house, which is located in a 70-acre (28 ha) demesne approximately 2 miles (3 km) south-east of Sligo town, is a protected structure. Hazelwood, an ancient area of woodland, forms part of the original estate.
| Hazelwood House | |
|---|---|
 View of Hazelwood House, 1900 | |
  | |
| General information | |
| Status | Protected structure[1] |
| Type | House |
| Architectural style | Palladian |
| Classification | Derelict |
| Town or city | Sligo |
| Country | Ireland |
| Coordinates | 54°15′23″N 8°26′02″W / 54.2565°N 8.4339°W |
| Estimated completion | 1731 |
| Owner | David Raethorne |
| Technical details | |
| Material | limestone |
| Floor count | 3 |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | Richard Cassels |
| Developer | Owen Wynne[2] |
Location
editSituated on a peninsula jutting into Lough Gill, just east of Sligo Town, with views of Ben Bulben to the north, the house stands in a wooded estate originally 15,000 acres (6,100 ha) in extent, but now reduced to 81 acres (33 ha).
Architecture
edit
The house was likely the first Palladian house in Ireland designed by Richard Cassels in 1731, the architect who also designed Leinster House, Powerscourt House and Russborough House.[3]
It consists of a 5-bay by 3-bay main block in three storeys with 2-storey wings on either side connected to the main block by single-storey quadrants. The building is constructed of limestone ashlar with slate roofs.[4]
Since construction, the house saw several decades of neglect and alteration. For example, in the 1870s, a three-bay, two-storey wing was added on the western side of the main block. The main staircase was removed in the 1950s and replaced with a concrete flight of stairs. A number of chimney pieces were taken and replaced with replicas.[5]
The building's entry in the National Inventory of Architectural Heritage database describes it as one of County Sligo's "most neglected treasures", and of architectural, social and historical value.[4] It is listed on the Record of Protected Structures for the Sligo County Council administrative area.[1]
History
editThe original name for the area is Annagh (Irish: Eanach), meaning "marsh", and was on land belonging to the Ó Conchobhair Sligigh Lords of the territory of Cairbre Drom Cliabh.
There was an O'Conor castle located here that according to O'Rorke (1889) was at Castle Point on Lough Gill, south of the present house.
This area belonged to the O'Connors throughout the Medieval period before passing to the merchant Andrew Crean in the early 17th century, then to Lord William Strafford.
In 1635, during the planning for the aborted Plantation of Connacht, the estate was bought by Sir Phillip Perceval acting secretly on behalf of Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford, Lord Deputy of Ireland, and Sir George Radcliffe. Subsequent allegations claimed that Perceval tricked O'Connor into selling by claiming that it belonged to the Crown and would be subject to Plantation without any recompense to O'Connor. The hostility created by this was instrumental in the Sligo gentries taking part in the 1641 rebellion.
In 1687 it went to Thomas Wilson and in 1722 to the Wynnes.
Wynne family
edit
Lt-Gen. Owen Wynne, a descendant of the Welsh Wynne family of Merioneth, descendants of Osborn Fitzgerald, purchased the estate in 1722.[6][7] In addition to the 14,500 acres (5,900 ha), the conveyance also included extensive property within the Borough of Sligo, together with the fairs, markets and tolls.
On his death in 1737, the estate passed to his nephew, M.P. Owen Wynne (1687–1756) who was also an army officer. He was succeeded by his son, a third Owen, who was High Sheriff of Sligo for 1723 and 1745. The house then passed to the latter's son, a fourth Owen Wynne (1723–1789), who was an M.P. for County Sligo in the Irish Parliament and an Irish Privy Counsellor.
His eldest son, a fifth Owen Wynne (1755–1841), inherited the house on his death and was also an M.P. for County Sligo in the Irish Parliament and High Sheriff. It was during this period of ownership in 1822 that new gate lodges and adjacent houses on the land were designed by Martin Geraghty.[8]
He was followed by his son, John Arthur Wynne (1801–1865), MP for Sligo Borough and High Sheriff for 1840, and John Arthur's son, a sixth Owen (1843–1910), High Sheriff for 1874.[9]
The sixth Owen Wynne was the last Wynne to occupy Hazelwood House and died without a male heir in 1910. His daughter Murial and her husband Philip Dudley Percival then occupied the house, selling off the livestock and machinery until they left Hazelwood in 1923.[citation needed]
Although the sixth Owen Wynne died without male heirs, the wider family survived through the descendants of the fourth M.P. Owen Wynne (1723–1789), in particular.[10]
His descendants include the Archdeacon George Robert Wynne, author Emily Wynne, artist Gladys Wynne, General Sir Arthur Wynne, geologist Arthur Beavor Wynne, doctor Kathleen Lynn and minister Canon Billy Wynne.[11]
20th century
edit
The house then stood empty until 1930, when a retired tea planter named Berridge lived there, carrying out repairs and renovations before the house and lands were sold to the Land Commission and the State Forestry Department in 1937.
In 1940 the house was occupied by the Irish Army's 12th Cyclist Squadron and served as their barracks until January 1945.[12]
In 1946 it was sold to the Department of Health for use as a psychiatric hospital.[citation needed]
In c.1969 it was sold again to the Italian manufacturing company SNIA S.p.A. to use as part of a nylon yarn factory complex which they built to the rear of the house. The factory closed in 1983 and was acquired in 1987 by the South Korean company SaeHan Information Systems, who produced video tapes on the site until 2005.[4]
Later history
editThe property was sold in April 2006 for €7-€10 million to a local consortium, Foresthaze Developments, who applied in 2007 for permission to develop the site. The application was refused by Sligo County Council and the owners served with a notice to improve the fabric of the building to ensure its preservation.[9] Foresthaze Developments was placed in receivership in October 2013.[5] The house was empty from 2005 to 2015, and fell into poor condition with water damage to the West wing.[citation needed] Members of the community founded an action group, "Hazelwood Heritage Society", to campaign for the restoration of the house and its grounds.[13]
In 2015, the estate was purchased by Hazelwood Demesne Limited, which was founded by Irish investor David Raethorne to establish a whiskey distillery on the estate.[14] The new owners secured planning permission to repurpose the former factory into a single malt whiskey distillery in early 2016,[15] and construction of the distillery started shortly thereafter. The Lough Gill Distillery was fully commissioned in 2019, and opened in December of that year.[16][17]
References
edit
- ^ a b "Sligo Environs Development Plan - Appendix - Record of Protected Structures (2010-2016)" (PDF). Sligo County Council. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
- ^ "Hazelwood". The Irish Aesthete. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
- ^ "CO. SLIGO, HAZELWOOD Dictionary of Irish Architects -". www.dia.ie. Retrieved 23 August 2023.
- ^ a b c "Hazelwood House, Sligo, County Sligo". National Inventory of Architectural Heritage. Archived from the original on 3 October 2013. Retrieved 27 September 2013.
- ^ a b Thompson, Sylvia (10 April 2014). "Buildings at Risk: Hazelwood House, Sligo". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 23 April 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
- ^ "Wynne family, of Peniarth". archives.library.wales. Retrieved 24 October 2022.
- ^ D. JONES (Chemist and Bookseller, Barmouth.) (1863). "The Tourist's and Visitor's Hand-Book and Guide to Harlech, Barmouth, Dolgelley, Towyn ..." pp. 34–35. Retrieved 29 October 2022.
- ^ "Martin Geraghty". www.dia.ie. Retrieved 26 July 2024.
- ^ a b "Brief History of Hazelwood House". Archived from the original on 2 October 2013. Retrieved 27 September 2013.
- ^ Burkes Irish Family Records. London: Burkes Peerage. 1976. pp. 1226–1231.
- ^ Burkes Irish Family Records. London: Burkes Peerage. 1976. pp. 1226–1231.
- ^ O'Reilly, Terence (4 October 2018). "Hazelwood House during the Emergency Years". The Irish Story. Archived from the original on 5 October 2018. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
- ^ Keaney, Harry (26 July 2014). "Develop Hazelwood House into top tourist destination". The Sligo Champion. Archived from the original on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 2 August 2014 – via Irish Independent.
- ^ "Sligo mansion to be transformed into tourist destination". The Irish Times. 25 January 2015. Archived from the original on 9 August 2015. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
- ^ McDonagh, Marese (27 April 2016). "Permission granted for distillery at Sligo's Hazelwood House". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
- ^ "Whiskey rush as distillery numbers hit 120-year high". Irish Independent. 5 January 2020. Archived from the original on 22 June 2020. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
- ^ "Lough Gill Distillery". Irish Whiskey Magazine. Archived from the original on 24 September 2021. Retrieved 2 June 2021.