The Glomacze or Daleminzi (Polish: Głomacze or Gołomacze, German: Daleminzier), were a West Slavic tribe of Polabian Slavs inhabiting areas in the middle Elbe (Łaba) valley. According to early 11th century chronicler Thietmar of Merseburg, they were called as Daleminzi by the Germans, and as Glomacze by the Slavs.[1]
Etymology
editScholars found similarity and often considered to be evidence of Slavic north-south migration the Polabian ethnonym of Glomacze and high medieval South Slavic noble tribe Glamočani/Dlamozani and toponym Glamoč in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina.[2]
History
editIn the mid-9th century the Bavarian Geographer located a Talaminzi (Dala-Daleminzi) settlement area with 14 civitates east of the Sorbs, while according to Alfred the Great's Geography of Europe (888–893) relying on Orosius, "to the north-east of the Moravians are the Dalamensae; east of the Dalamensians are the Horithi, and north of the Dalamensians are the Servians".[3][4] Scholars often consider them as part of the core Sorbian tribes,[2][5] but "it is not clear whether they were independent of the Sorbs, subject to them or part of the Sorbic confederation".[6]
The first known account about the Glomacze is from 805 when they were raided by the troops of Frankish king Charles the Younger on his way to Bohemia.[6] In 856, Daleminzi were defeated in battle, some taken hostages, and "made to pay tribute" by king Louis the German who was aided by Sorbian forces.[6] After the Viking raids in the Rhineland against the Saxons in 880, joint forces of the Sorbs, Daleminzi, Bohemians and other near tribes attacked the Slavs around Saale river "faithful to the Thuringians with plunder and burning. Count Poppo, dux of the Sorbian march, came against them with the Thuringians, and with God's help so defeated them that not one out of a great multitude remained".[7]
In the early 10th century, Widukind of Corvey reported, Glomacze long fought against German duke Otto the Illustrious, but not withstanding the attack of his son and new king Henry the Fowler, were responsible in calling the Hungarians fighting against the king.[8] Led by the Slavs, the first army of Hungarians made much waste in Saxony, using the land of Dalamantia as resting place, where waited them second Hungarian army and then ravaged for a second time.[8] After king Henry arranged peace with Hungarians in c. 924, started to prepare for the conquest of the tribe, which started in early 929 who seized and destroyed their main castle called Gana at the 20-day siege of Gana (located near present-day Hof/Stauchitz[9]), exterminated the defenders and had a fortress erected on the hill of Meissen (Mišno).[8][10][9] They were made tributaries.[8] Their settlement area was incorporated into the large Saxon Marca Geronis and in 965 became part of the Margraviate of Meissen.
Citations
edit- ^ Havlíková, Lubomíra (2016). "What was the location of Serbia mentioned in the Cosmas Chronicle of the Czechs?". In Srđan Rudić (ed.). Spomenica dr Tibora Živkovića: Homage to Tibor Živković. Institute of History Belgrade. p. 188. ISBN 9788677431174.
quam nos Theutonice Deleminci vocamus, Sclavi autem Glomaci apellant
- ^ a b Kunstmann, Heinrich (1987). Beiträge zur Geschichte der Besiedlung Nord- und Mitteldeutschlands mit Balkanslaven. Peter Lang Gmbh, Internationaler Verlag Der Wissenschaften. pp. 161–168. ISBN 9783876903859.161-168&rft.pub=Peter Lang Gmbh, Internationaler Verlag Der Wissenschaften&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=9783876903859&rft.aulast=Kunstmann&rft.aufirst=Heinrich&rft_id=https://books.google.com/books?id=uzNgAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Glomatians" class="Z3988">
- ^ Ingram, James (1807). An Inaugural Lecture on the Utility of Anglo-Saxon Literatures to which is Added the Geography of Europe by King Alfred, Including His Account of the Discovery of the North Cape in the Ninth Century. University Press. p. 72.
- ^ Dvornik 1949, p. 272.
- ^ Herrmann, Joachim (1970). Die Slawen in Deutschland: Geschichte und Kultur der slawischen Stämme westlich von Oder und Neisse vom 6. bis 12. Jahrhundert (in German). Berlin: Akademie-Verlag GmbH. p. 9.
- ^ a b c Reuter 1992, p. 38.
- ^ Reuter 1992, pp. 88–89.
- ^ a b c d Widukind of Corvey 1935.
- ^ a b Pech 2015, pp. 126.
- ^ Bachrach 2013, p. 327.
Bibliography
edit- Bachrach, David (1 August 2013). "Henry I of Germany's 929 military campaign in archaeological perspective". Early Medieval Europe. 21 (3). Oxford: Wiley Blackwell: 307–337. doi:10.1111/emed.12020.307-337&rft.date=2013-08-01&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111/emed.12020&rft.aulast=Bachrach&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Glomatians" class="Z3988">
- Dvornik, Francis (1949). The Making of Central and Eastern Europe. London: Polish Research Centre Ltd.
- Hirsch, Paul and H.-E. Lohmann (eds.), (1935). Die Sachsengeschichte des Widukind von Korvei. MGH Scriptores rerum Germanicarum in usum scholarum 60. Hanover.
- Pech, Edmund (2015). "Milzener, Lusizer und Glomaci-Daleminzer Kontroversen zur frühen Geschichte der Sorben" [Milceni, Luzici and Glomaci-Daleminci. Controversies concerning the early History of the Sorbs]. LĚTOPIS. Zeitschrift für sorbische Sprache, Geschichte und Kultur. Časopis za rěč, stawizny a kulturu Łužiskich Serbow (2).
- Reuter, Timothy (1992). The Annals of Fulda: Ninth-century Histories, Volume II. Manchester University Press. ISBN 9780719034589.
- Scholz, Bernhard Walter; Rogers, Barbara (1970). Carolingian Chronicles: Royal Frankish Annals and Nithard's Histories. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 9780472061860.