German submarine U-3 was a Type IIA U-boat laid down at the Deutsche Werke in Kiel on 11 February 1935 as yard number 238. She was commissioned into the Kriegsmarine on 6 August 1936 under the command of Oberleutnant zur See (Oblt.z.S.) Hans Meckel.[2]
 U-1, the first Type II boat
| |
| History | |
|---|---|
 Nazi Germany | |
| Name | U-3 |
| Ordered | 2 February 1935 |
| Builder | Deutsche Werke, Kiel[1] |
| Cost | 1,500,000 Reichsmark |
| Yard number | 238 |
| Laid down | 11 February 1935 |
| Launched | 19 July 1935 |
| Commissioned | 6 September 1935 |
| Stricken | 1 August 1944 at Gotenhafen |
| Fate | Stricken, 1 August 1944. Scrapped 1945 |
| Badge |  |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | Type IIA coastal submarine |
| Displacement | |
| Length |
|
| Beam |
|
| Height | 8.60 m (28 ft 3 in) |
| Draught | 3.83 m (12 ft 7 in) |
| Installed power |
|
| Propulsion |
|
| Speed |
|
| Range |
|
| Test depth | 80 m (260 ft) |
| Complement | 3 officers, 22 men |
| Armament |
|
| Service record | |
| Part of: |
|
| Identification codes: | M 01 385 |
| Commanders: |
|
| Operations: |
|
| Victories: |
2 merchant ships sunk (2,348 GRT) |
U-3 carried out a total of five combat patrols; she sank two ships while under the command of Joachim Schepke. During April 1940, she was part of the fleet that supported the German invasion of Norway, Operation Weserübung.
As the Type II submarines were too small for combat duty in the Atlantic Ocean, she was assigned to the Baltic for training duties with the 21st U-boat Flotilla, a training outfit.
Emblem
editU-3 is known to have had three emblems; one was an oak leaf, with an anchor and a knife or dagger. She also shared this emblem with U-29, U-120, U-747, U-1274 and U-1308.[3]
Design
editGerman Type II submarines were based on the Finnish submarine Vesikko. U-3 had a displacement of 254 tonnes (250 long tons) when at the surface and 303 tonnes (298 long tons) while submerged. Officially, the standard tonnage was 250 long tons (250 t), however.[4] The U-boat had a total length of 40.90 m (134 ft 2 in), a pressure hull length of 27.80 m (91 ft 2 in), a beam of 4.08 m (13 ft 5 in), a height of 8.60 m (28 ft 3 in), and a draught of 3.83 m (12 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two MWM RS 127 S four-stroke, six-cylinder diesel engines of 700 metric horsepower (510 kW; 690 shp) for cruising, two Siemens-Schuckert PG VV 322/36 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 360 metric horsepower (260 kW; 360 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 0.85 m (3 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 80–150 metres (260–490 ft).[4]
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 13 knots (24 km/h; 15 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 6.9 knots (12.8 km/h; 7.9 mph).[4] When submerged, the boat could operate for 35 nautical miles (65 km; 40 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 1,600 nautical miles (3,000 km; 1,800 mi) at 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph). U-3 was fitted with three 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes at the bow, five torpedoes or up to twelve Type A torpedo mines, and a 2 cm (0.79 in) anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of 25.[4]
Operational history
editFirst and second patrols
editThe boat's first patrol was relatively uneventful.
Her second sortie was toward the British east Anglian coast.
Third patrol
editShe sank the Danish ship Vendia and the Swedish vessel Gun for a total of 2,348 gross register tons (GRT) on 30 September 1939.
U-3 closed Vendia and as was common practice in the early days of the war, ordered her to stop after a few warning shots were fired. The ship's fate is disputed. The German submariners said the Danish vessel tried to ram the U-boat. The ship's crew were convinced she swung with the strength of the wind. A torpedo was fired which hit the vessel and sank her.
The Gun was attacked in the Skagerrak 30 nmi (56 km; 35 mi) northwest of Hanstholm. By now wary from the experience with Vendia, the U-boat sent a boarding party to the Swedish ship, but was obliged to dive by the arrival of HMS Thistle. U-3 fired a torpedo at the British submarine, which missed; indeed they were not aware they had been targeted. The Thistle left the area and came across a lifeboat from Gun, telling the Swedes in it to return to their ship as she was still afloat. The German boarding party had left the ship in a lifeboat, but were picked up by the Danish merchant ship Dagmar. U-3 recovered them and put a torpedo into the empty Gun.
Fourth and fifth patrols
editPatrol number four was also quiet, but number five was enlivened by another British submarine, HMS Porpoise, firing six torpedoes 10 nmi (19 km; 12 mi) west of Egersund at the U-boat on 16 April 1940. They were originally thought to have been aimed at U-1, but the attack caused no damage.
Fate
editU-3 was stricken on 1 August 1944 in Gotenhafen. She was captured by Great Britain on 3 May 1945 and scrapped that same year.
Summary of raiding history
edit| Date | Name | Nationality | Tonnage (GRT) |
Fate[5] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30 September 1939 | Vendia |  Denmark
|
1,150 | Sunk |
| 1 October 1939 | Gun |  Sweden
|
1,198 | Sunk |
References
edit- ^ Rössler 1979, p. 99.
- ^ a b Busch & Röll 1999, p. 283.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Emblems". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 29 December 2014.
- ^ a b c d Gröner 1991, pp. 39–40.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit by U-3". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 29 December 2014.
Bibliography
edit- Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999). German U-boat commanders of World War II : a biographical dictionary. Translated by Brooks, Geoffrey. London, Annapolis, Md: Greenhill Books, Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-186-6.
- Gröner, Erich; Jung, Dieter; Maass, Martin (1991). U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels. German Warships 1815–1945. Vol. 2. Translated by Thomas, Keith; Magowan, Rachel. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-593-4.
- Rössler, Eberhard (1979). Die deutschen U-Boote und ihre Werften: eine Bilddokumentation über den deutschen U-Bootbau; in zwei Bänden (in German). Vol. I. Munich: Bernard & Graefe. ISBN 3-7637-5213-7.
External links
edit- Helgason, Guðmundur. "The Type IIA boat U3". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 4 November 2006.
- Hofmann, Markus. "U3". Deutsche U-Boote 1935-1945 - u-boot-archiv.de (in German). Retrieved 4 November 2006.
- "The Invasion of Norway (Operation Weserübung)". Retrieved 4 November 2006.