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The Gabonese Democratic Party (French: Parti démocratique gabonais, PDG) is a political party in Gabon. It was the dominant political party in Gabonese politics from 1961 until 2023, when it was deposed in a coup d'état against President Ali Bongo. It was also the sole legal party between 1968 and 1990.
Gabonese Democratic Party Parti démocratique gabonais | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Abbreviation | PDG |
| Secretary-General | Angélique Ngoma |
| Senior Vice-President | Paul Biyoghé Mba |
| Founder | Léon M'ba (BDG) Omar Bongo (PDG) |
| Founded | 1953 (Gabonese Democratic Bloc) 12 March 1968 (Gabonese Democratic Party) |
| Merger of | CMG PDG |
| Headquarters | Libreville |
| Youth wing | UJPDG |
| Women's wing | UFPDG |
| Ideology | Conservatism[1] Economic liberalism[1] Pan-Africanism[2] |
| Political position | Centre-right |
| Religion | Islam[3] |
| International affiliation | Centrist Democrat International |
| Slogan | Dialogue, Tolerance, Paix "Dialogue, Tolerance, Peace" |
| Anthem | |
| National Assembly | 40 / 98 |
| Senate | 15 / 70 |
| Website | |
| pdg-gabon.com | |
History
editThe party was established as the Gabonese Democratic Bloc (Bloc Démocratique Gabonais, BDG) in 1953 as a merger of the Gabonese Mixed Committee and the Gabonese Democratic Party.[5] In the 1957 Territorial Assembly elections it won eight seats, finishing behind the Gabonese Democratic and Social Union (UDSG), which had won 14 seats. However, the BDG was able to form a coalition government with the "Entente–Defence of Gabonese Interests" list, headed by one of its members, and five independents.[6]
The BDG and UDSG formed an alliance prior to the 1961 general elections, with BDG leader Léon M'ba as the sole presidential candidate, and a joint "National Union" list running unopposed for the National Assembly. The 1964 parliamentary elections saw the two parties run against each other, with the BDG winning 31 of the 47 seats.
The BDG was the only party to contest the 1967 general elections, with M'ba re-elected as President. M'ba died later in the year and was succeeded by Omar Bongo. On 12 March 1968 the BDG was succeeded by the Gabonese Democratic Party,[7] which became the sole legal party. The PDG and Bongo were re-elected in one-party elections in 1973, 1980 and 1985, before constitutional amendments in May 1990 re-established the multi-party system.[8]
The PDG retained power in the 1990 parliamentary elections, winning 63 of the 120 seats in the National Assembly. Bongo was re-elected again in 1993 with 51% of the vote. The party won 85 seats in the 1996 parliamentary elections, and Bongo was re-elected for a fifth time in 1998, with 67% of the vote. The PDG gained one seat in the 2001 parliamentary elections and Bongo was re-elected again in 2005 with 79% of the vote.
The 2006 parliamentary elections saw the PDG reduced to 82 seats, although it comfortably retained its majority and affiliated parties won a further 17 seats.[9] Bongo died in 2009, and his son Ali Bongo became PDG leader. He won presidential elections later in the year with 42% of the vote. The BDG won 113 seats in the 2011 parliamentary elections, which were boycotted by most of the opposition.
Congresses
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On 17–21 September 1986, the PDG held its Third Ordinary Congress in Libreville; at the congress, it designated Bongo as its candidate for the single-party November 1986 presidential election.[10]
From 1991 to 1994, the Secretary-General of the PDG was Jacques Adiahénot.
The PDG held its Ninth Ordinary Congress on 19–21 September 2008. At this congress, Faustin Boukoubi, who had been Minister of Agriculture, was elected as the party's Secretary-General;[11][12][13] he replaced Simplice Guedet Manzela, who had previously been the Secretary-General for ten years.[12][13] Also at the congress, the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau, composed of 18 members, was elected. The Standing Committee included two members from each of Gabon's nine provinces, and 15 of its 18 members were also members of the government.[13]
PDG has several branches (or 'Federations') abroad, with the largest being in France and in the United States.
Electoral history
editPresidential elections
edit| Election | Party candidate | Votes | % | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1961 | Léon M'ba | 315,335 | 100% | Elected 
|
| 1967 | 346,587 | 100% | Elected
| |
| 1973 | Omar Bongo | 515,841 | 100% | Elected
|
| 1979 | 725,807 | 100% | Elected
| |
| 1986 | 903,739 | 100% | Elected
| |
| 1993 | 213,793 | 51.2% | Elected
| |
| 1998 | 211,955 | 66.9% | Elected
| |
| 2005 | 275,819 | 79.18% | Elected
| |
| 2009 | Ali Bongo | 141,952 | 41.75% | Elected
|
| 2016 | 177,722 | 49.80% | Elected
| |
| 2023 | 293,919 | 64.27% | Annulled 
|
National Assembly elections
edit| Election | Votes | % | Seats | /– | Position | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1957 | 16,699 | 22.3% | 8 / 40
|
 8
|
2nd
|
BDG–Entente–DGI coalition government |
| 1961 | 315,335
in alliance UDSG |
100% | 67 / 67
|
59
|
1st
|
BDG–UDSG coalition government |
| 1964 | 142,389 | 55.4% | 31 / 47
|
 36
|
 1st
|
Supermajority government |
| 1967 | 346,587 | 100% | 47 / 47
|
16
|
1st
|
Supermajority government |
| 1973 | 515,841 | 100% | 70 / 70
|
21
|
1st
|
Sole legal party |
| 1980 | 706,004 | 100% | 89 / 89
|
19
|
1st
|
Sole legal party |
| 1985 | 767,674 | 100% | 111 / 120
|
22
|
1st
|
Sole legal party |
| 1990 | 63 / 120
|
57
|
1st
|
Majority government | ||
| 1996 | 85 / 120
|
22
|
1st
|
Supermajority government | ||
| 2001 | 86 / 120
|
1
|
1st
|
Supermajority government | ||
| 2006 | 82 / 120
|
4
|
1st
|
Supermajority government | ||
| 2011 | 113 / 120
|
31
|
1st
|
Supermajority government | ||
| 2018 | 98 / 143
|
15
|
1st
|
Supermajority government |
Senate elections
edit| Election | Seats | /– | Position | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1997 | 52 / 92
|
52
|
1st
|
Governing majority |
| 2003 | 67 / 92
|
15
|
1st
|
Governing supermajority |
| 2009 | 75 / 102
|
8
|
1st
|
Governing supermajority |
| 2014 | 81 / 100
|
6
|
1st
|
Governing supermajority |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Bangura, Abdul Karim (13 June 2009). "The Political Longevity of El Hadj Omar Bongo in Gabon Defies Pedestrian Characterization". The Patriotic Vanguard. Retrieved 29 August 2023.
- ^ "Gabon: Supporters of Ali Bongo rally in Owendo, say he is 'the choice of reason'". Retrieved 31 August 2023.
- ^ Ngolet, Francois (September 2000). "Ideological Manipulations and Political Longevity: The Power of Omar Bongo in Gabon since 1967". African Studies Review. 43 (2): 55–71. doi:10.2307/524984. JSTOR 524984.
- ^ "FEDERATION P.D.G SENEGAL". pdgdakar.vefblog.net.
- ^ Messi Me Nang Clotaire, N’Foule Mba Fabrice & Nnang Ndong Léon-Modeste Le consensus politique au Gabon, de 1960 à nos jours Archived 2015-12-10 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Bernault, Florence (1996) Démocraties ambiguës en Afrique centrale: Congo-Brazzaville, Gabon, 1940–1965 Paris: Karthala, ISBN 2-86537-636-2, p262
- ^ Ian Gorvin (1989) Elections since 1945: a worldwide reference compendium, Longman, p115
- ^ "Gabon". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 2008. Retrieved 15 September 2008.
- ^ Elections in Gabon African Elections Database
- ^ "Apr 1987 – Re-election of President Bongo – Cabinet changes – Internal political and security developments – Economic situation", Keesing's Record of World Events, Volume 33, April, 1987 Gabon, Page 35047.
- ^ "Gabon : Faustin Boukoubi a pris officiellement ses fonctions" Archived 2010-01-04 at the Wayback Machine, Infosplusgabon, 26 September 2008 (in French).
- ^ a b "PDG: Faustin Boukoubi au gouvernail" Archived 2009-05-05 at the Wayback Machine, Croissance Saine Environnement, 22 September 2008 (in French).
- ^ a b c "Gabon : Le challenge de Faustin Boukoubi au secrétariat général du PDG" Archived 2008-09-23 at the Wayback Machine, Gaboneco, 22 September 2008 (in French).