Fourth Army (Japan)

The Japanese 4th Army (第4軍, Dai-yon gun) was an army of the Imperial Japanese Army based in Manchukuo from the Russo-Japanese War until the end of World War II.

Japanese Fourth Army
Active	June 24, 1904 - August 15, 1945
Country	Empire of Japan
Branch	Imperial Japanese Army
Type	Infantry
Role	Corps
Garrison/HQ	Bei'an, Manchukuo
Nickname(s)	Hikari (光, Light)
Engagements	Russo-Japanese War *Battle of Liaoyang *Battle of Mukden World War II *Soviet invasion of Manchuria

History

Russo-Japanese War

The Japanese 4th Army was initially raised on June 24, 1904, in the midst of the Russo-Japanese War under the command of General Nozu Michitsura out of various reserve elements, to provide support and additional manpower in the Japanese drive towards Mukden in the closing stages of the war against Imperial Russia. It was disbanded at Mukden on January 17, 1906, after the signing of the Treaty of Portsmouth and the end of the war.

Second Sino-Japanese War

After the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War, the Japanese Fourth Army was raised again as a garrison force to guard the northern borders of Manchukuo against possible incursions by the Soviet Red Army. It was based at Bei'an, the capital of a northern Manchukuo province of the same name, that was heavily fortified with various ground emplacements. The Fourth Army afterwards came under the operational command of the Japanese First Area Army under the overall command of the Kwantung Army. As the war situation in the southeast Asia and China fronts of World War II worsened against the Japanese, experienced men and equipment were siphoned off from the Fourth Army to reinforce other units, leaving it largely hollowed out by the start of 1945.

During the Soviet invasion of Manchuria in the final days of World War II, the Japanese Fourth Army was absolutely no match for the experienced, battle-hardened Soviet armored and mechanized infantry divisions, who quickly overran or circumvented the Japanese defenses, and its poorly equipped and poorly trained forces were driven back to Harbin by the time of the surrender of Japan. Many of its surviving troops became Japanese POWs in the Soviet Union.

List of Commanders

Commanding officer

	Name	From	To
1	General Nozu Michitsura	30 June 1904	12 January 1906
X	Disbanded
1	Lieutenant General Kesago Nakajima	15 July 1938	1 August 1939
2	Lieutenant General Jun Ushiroku	1 August 1939	28 September 1940
3	Lieutenant General Kohei Washizu	28 October 1940	15 October 1941
4	Lieutenant General Isamu Yokoyama	15 October 1941	21 September 1942
5	Lieutenant General Tatsumi Kusaba	21 September 1942	7 February 1944
6	Lieutenant General Kanji Nishihara	7 February 1944	23 March 1945
7	Lieutenant General Mikio Uemura	23 March 1945	September 1945

Chief of Staff

	Name	From	To
1	Major General Uehara Yusaku	30 June 1904	23 January 1906
X	Disbanded
1	Lieutenant General Renya Mutaguchi	15 July 1938	1 December 1939
2	Lieutenant General Masao Yoshizumi	1 December 1939	9 September 1940
3	Lieutenant General Hiroshi Watanabe	9 September 1940	7 July 1941
4	Lieutenant General Asasaburo Kobayashi	7 July 1941	1 December 1941
5	Lieutenant General Hiroshi Watanabe	1 December 1941	1 August 1942
6	Lieutenant General Kohei Takeshi	1 August 1942	11 September 1943
7	Major General Saburo Hagi	11 September 1943	26 December 1944
8	Major General Bujo Ono	26 December 1944	September 1945

References

• Frank, Richard B (1999). Downfall: The End of the Imperial Japanese Empire. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-679-41424-X.
• Jowett, Bernard (1999). The Japanese Army 1931-45 (Volume 2, 1942-45). Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-84176-354-3.
• Madej, Victor (1981). Japanese Armed Forces Order of Battle, 1937-1945. Game Publishing Company. ASIN: B000L4CYWW.
• Marston, Daniel (2005). The Pacific War Companion: From Pearl Harbor to Hiroshima. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-84176-882-0.
• Glantz, David (2003). The Soviet Strategic Offensive in Manchuria, 1945 (Cass Series on Soviet (Russian) Military Experience, 7). Routledge. ISBN 0-7146-5279-2.

External links

• Wendel, Marcus. "Axis History Factbook". Japanese 4th Army.