English: The traversal time of the ray path from A to B is stationary w.r.t. variations of intermediate points such as P and P′. The surface Σ (with unit normal n̂ at P′) is the locus of points that a disturbance at P can reach in the same time that it takes to reach P′; that is, Σ is a secondary wavefront with radius PP′. For purposes of comparison, the traversal time from P to P′ is given by Σ and not (e.g.) by the hypothetical wavefront W.
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