Wikipedia

Renaissance (French political party)

(Redirected from En Marche)
"En marche" redirects here. Not to be confused with la marche or marche.

Renaissance (RE) is a political party in France that is typically described as liberal and centrist[28] or centre-right.[29] The party was originally known as En Marche ! (EM)[a][30] and later La République En Marche ! (transl. The Republic on the Move,[31][32][33] LREM, LaREM or REM), before adopting its current name in September 2022.[34] RE is the leading force of the centrist Ensemble coalition, coalesced around Emmanuel Macron's original presidential majority.

Renaissance
AbbreviationRE
General SecretaryGabriel Attal
Honorary PresidentEmmanuel Macron
Leader in the National AssemblyGabriel Attal
Leader in the SenateFrançois Patriat
FounderEmmanuel Macron
Founded6 April 2016; 8 years ago (2016-04-06)
17 September 2022; 2 years ago (2022-09-17) (as Renaissance)
Split fromSocialist Party
The Republicans
Headquarters68, Rue du Rocher
75008 Paris
Youth wingLes Jeunes avec Macron
Membership (October 2024)Decrease 8,500[1]
IdeologyLiberalism
Pro-Europeanism
Political positionCentre to centre-right[A]
National affiliationEnsemble
European Parliament groupRenew Europe[2]
Colours
  •   Navy (official)
  •   Yellow (customary)
National Assembly
98 / 577
Senate
23 / 348
European Parliament
5 / 79
Presidency of departmental councils
2 / 95
Presidency of regional councils
1 / 17
Website
parti-renaissance.fr Edit this at Wikidata
^ A: Along with centre-right,[9] the party has also been described as radical centrist,[16] right-wing,[21] or a big tent/catch-all party.[25]

The party was established on 6 April 2016 by Macron, a former Minister of the Economy, Industry and Digital Affairs, who was later elected president in the 2017 presidential election with 66.1% of the second-round vote. Subsequently, the party ran candidates in the 2017 legislative election,[35] including dissidents from the Socialist Party (PS) and the Republicans (LR), as well as minor parties, winning an absolute majority in the National Assembly. Macron was re-elected in the 2022 presidential election, but the party lost its absolute majority in the 2022 legislative election.

Macron conceived RE as a progressive movement, uniting both left and right.[36] RE supports pro-Europeanism[37][36][38] and globalization and wants to "modernise and moralise" French politics.[39][40][41] The party has accepted members from other political parties at a higher rate than other parties in France,[37][42][43] and does not impose any fees on members who want to join.[44] The party has been a founding member of Renew Europe, the political group of the European Parliament representing liberals and centrists, since June 2019.[2]

History

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Foundation

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La Gauche Libre, the think tank for the movement, was declared as an organization on 1 March 2015.[45] Afterwards, lesjeunesavecmacron.fr was registered as a domain on 23 June 2015.[46] Eventually, two Facebook pages[47][non-primary source needed][48][non-primary source needed] were created and an extra domain registered.[49] Another organization was eventually created by Macron, declared as L'Association pour le renouvellement de la vie politique[50] and registered as a micro-party in January 2016.[51] This was following en-marche.fr being claimed as a domain.[52] L'Association pour le renouvellement de la vie politique was then registered as EMA EN MARCHE in March 2016.[39]

En Marche! was established on 6 April 2016 in Amiens by Emmanuel Macron, then aged 38,[42] with the help of political advisor Ismaël Emelien.[53] The initials of the name of the party are the same as the initials of Macron's name.[54][44]

The announcement of En Marche! was the first indication by Macron that he was planning to run for President,[55] with Macron using En Marche! to fundraise for the potential presidential run.[56] The launch of the party was widely covered throughout the media[57] and media coverage continued to peak as tensions rose among Macron and other government ministers as his loyalty was questioned.[58] In the weeks following the creation of En Marche!, Macron soared in the opinion polls, coming to be seen as the main competitor on the left.[59][60]

The creation of En Marche! was welcomed by several political figures including Najat Vallaud-Belkacem,[61] Jean-Pierre Raffarin[62] and Pierre Gattaz,[63] although it was also criticised by Jean-Luc Mélenchon[64] and Christian Estrosi.

In an attempt to create the party's first campaign platform, Macron and head of operations Ludovic Chaker[65] recruited 4,000 volunteers[66] to conduct door-to-door surveys of 100,000 people, using the information gained to create a programme closer to the French electorate.[67]

Later that year,[68] Chaker structured the movement and became the first general secretary of Emmanuel Macron's party En Marche! and its first official employee.[68] He was then appointed as deputy general secretary and coordinator of Macron's campaign operations for the 2017 French presidential election.[69]

2017 legislative election

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Main article: 2017 French legislative election
 
Emmanuel Macron
 
Logo of the Presidential Majority coalition of LaREM, MoDem and other liberal and centrist parties.

La République En Marche! ran candidates in most constituencies. At least half its candidates came from civil society,[70] the other half having previously held political office and half were women. Candidates could not be selected for more than one constituency.[71] In addition to those parameters, Macron specified in his initial press conference on 19 January that he would require that candidates demonstrate probity (disqualifying any prospective candidates with a criminal record), political plurality (representing the threads of the movement) and efficacy. Those wishing to seek the endorsement of LREM had to sign up online[72] and the movement received nearly 15,000 applications.

When dealing with nominations sought by those in the political world, the party considered the popularity, establishment and media skills of applicants, with the most difficult cases adjudicated by Macron himself. To present themselves under the label of La République En Marche!, outgoing deputies had to leave the Socialist Party (PS) or the Republicans (LR).[73] Macron previously said the legislative candidates would have to leave the PS before they could join LREM, though on 5 May 2017 Macron waived this requirement.[71][74] However, then-spokesperson of LREM Christophe Castaner later said they could stay in the PS as long as they supported Macron.[74] Moreover, spokesperson Jean-Paul Delevoye said the members of civil society could be mayors or members of regional councils and departmental councils.[74]

After François Bayrou endorsed Macron in February, the Democratic Movement (MoDem), which he leads, reserved 90 constituencies for MoDem candidates (running under the label of La République En Marche!), of which 50 were considered[by whom?] winnable.[75]

On 15 May 2017, the secretary general of the presidency announced the appointment of Édouard Philippe, a member of LR, as Prime Minister.[76]

On 18 June 2017, La République En Marche! won an absolute majority in the National Assembly, securing 308 seats (or 53% of the seats) while collecting only 28.21% of the vote on the first round, and 43.06% on the second round. Additionally, MoDem secured 42 seats. LREM became France's party of power, in support of the President.

2017 Senate election and first party congress

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In the 2017 Senate election, La République En Marche! lost seats, ending up with 21, seven fewer than before.[77] While hoping to double its representatives in the Senate,[78] party officials noted that due to the electoral system of indirect universal suffrage, where deputies, senators and regional councilors elect senators, the party had a disadvantage due to being new.[79]

In the same month, it was announced that the first party congress was to be held in Lyon. The first gathering of party members and representatives, party spokesman, Christophe Castaner announced his candidacy on 25 October 2017 with the endorsement of President Macron, allowing him to run unopposed.[80] The congress took place on the 19 November 2017 and Castaner was elected the Executive Officer and leader[81] of the party by a council of 800 people, with a quarter being members of the party.[82][83] Castaner was elected for a term of three years.[84] The congress generated media attention for criticism surrounding it, including a walk-out by attendees of the congress where a hundred attendees resigned from the party citing a lack of internal democracy and corruption.[85]

The first by-election of the 15th National Assembly of France in Val-d'Oise's 1st constituency, which was a La République En Marche! seat, was called after it was ruled that deputy Isabelle Muller-Quoy's replacement Michel Alexeef was ineligible under the electoral code.[86] Muller-Quoy, who had won the first round by 18 percentage points in 2017, won the first round of the by-election by only 5 percentage points, and went on to lose the seat to the LR candidate Antoine Savignat.[87] The race was the first loss the party had endured in the National Assembly.[88] Several subsequent by-elections showed a 10% overall swing against La République En Marche! since the June 2017 legislative elections.

2019 European Parliament election

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Logo of the Renaissance list of LaREM, MoDem and other liberal parties.

LREM was expected to sign a cooperation agreement with the ALDE group for the 2019 European Parliament election.[89] However, owing to the Gilets Jaunes protests and the rise of national populism within France, Macron opted to run a campaign focusing more on electing representatives of his party to the European Parliament, than campaigning for ALDE. Macron styled his campaign as "Renaissance", calling for a renaissance across Europe.[90] Following the election, the ALDE parliamentary group reformed into Renew Europe, incorporating Macron's Renaissance, along with others.

2020 municipal elections

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For the 2020 municipal elections, LREM set itself the objective of obtaining 10,000 municipal councilors (out of a total of 500,000 elected).[citation needed] The party invested 592 heads of the list in towns with more than 9,000 inhabitants, including 289 belonging to members.[citation needed]

Between the two rounds, the party formed 76 alliances with the right and 33 with the left in towns with more than 9,000 inhabitants; alliances are notably formed with right-wing lists against Europe Ecology – The Greens or union lists on the left, in large cities such as Bordeaux, Strasbourg and Tours.[citation needed] LREM leaders justify this imbalance by the fact that the outgoing right-wing mayors are more numerous given the success of the right in the 2014 elections; Marie Guévenoux, co-president of the national investiture commission of LREM, affirms to "even rather want to forge alliances on the left, but that was not possible" because the majority on the left didn't want to.[citation needed]

Confident after the electoral results of the legislative and European elections, the party did not win any large city at the end of the poll and only had 146 mayors supported or invested in municipalities with more than 9,000 inhabitants and 4 in municipalities with more than 30,000 inhabitants.[citation needed]

In many cities, the ruling party was relegated to third or even fourth place.[citation needed] As expected, in Paris as in Lyon, important place for the movement, the LREM candidates suffered serious setbacks.[citation needed] The defeat was all the stronger where the candidates had allied themselves with right-wing mayors, as in Bordeaux.[citation needed] The French ecologists won the majority of the metropolitan cities that the party wanted to win.[91]

A combination of circumstances symbolic of the difficulties encountered by La République en Marche during this campaign, marked in particular by a certain embarrassment to display the LREM logo on posters in the midst of the yellow vests movement, social conflict on pensions, climate strikes, as well as the management of the COVID-19 crisis did not calm the rejection of the party.[92]

2022 legislative election

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Logo of La République En Marche ! until the rebranding in 2022

In May 2022, LREM announced that it would change the name of its parliamentary group to Renaissance.[93][94] In September, the party also switched its name to Renaissance.[34] The change was part of an effort to bring all of the presidential majority into a single party, though only Agir and Territories of Progress merged into Renaissance.[95]

2024 legislative election

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President Macron called for a snap legislative election after the 2024 European Parliament election.[96]

Ideology

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Although Macron was a member of the PS from 2006 to 2009 and an independent politician from 2009 to 2016,[97][98] La République En Marche! seeks to transcend traditional political boundaries to be a transpartisan organisation.[42]

Various sources have described the party as being centrist,[99] centre-right,[100] or big tent.[101] Historically back in 2019 the party was also labelled by some sources as centre-left.[104] Macron described the party in 2016 as being a progressive party of both the left and the right.[105] In 2017, observers and political commentators have described the party as being culturally liberal,[106][107] as well as socially liberal[108][109] and economically liberal in ideology.[110] The party has also been described as using anti-establishment, populist strategies and rhetoric, with discourse comparable to the Third Way as adopted by the Labour Party in the UK during its New Labour phase.[111] The party has been described as supporting some policies close to centre-right classical liberalism.[112][113][114]

According to an Ipsos survey conducted in March 2018, some public perception of the party has moved to the right since March 2017,[115][116][117] with 45% of respondents classifying the party as being centre-right (25%) to right-wing (20%). 21% of respondents place it in the centre, compared to 33% in March 2017.[118][119][120]

Associate parties

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Name Ideology Position Leader Current MPs
Territories of Progress Social liberalism, Social democracy Centre to centre-left
9 / 577
Agir Conservative liberalism, Pro-Europeanism Centre-right to right-wing
4 / 577
Ecologist Party Green politics, Green liberalism Centre-left François de Rugy
0 / 577
Guiana Rally Liberalism, Autonomism Centre Rodolphe Alexandre
0 / 577
United Guadeloupe, Solidary and Responsible Centre Guy Losbar
0 / 577

Organisation

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Symbols

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  •  
    First logo, submitted to the INPI on 8 April 2016
  •  
    Second logo, submitted to the INPI on 9 February 2017
  •  
    Third logo, submitted to the INPI on 7 May 2017
  •  
    Alternative logo, 2022

Membership

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Cédric Villani at a public meeting of La République En Marche in Tokyo

La République En Marche! considers every person who submits identification information (date of birth, email, full address and telephone number) and adheres to the party's charter to be a member.[121] Unlike other political parties, it does not require members to make a monetary donation.[122] Macron has indicated that it is possible to join La République En Marche! while remaining a member of another republican party.[42][123]

On 10 April 2016, a few days after the movement's launch, Macron claimed 13,000 members.[124] Le Canard enchaîné accused him of inflating the figure and claimed that 13,000 was in reality the number of clicks that Macron had received on his website.[125] Ismaël Emelien, Macron's advisor, clarified that "each member signs a charter of values and has a voice in the movement's general assembly" and "that has nothing to do with those who sign up for the newsletter, who are much greater in number".[126] Sylvain Fort, another of Macron's advisors, affirmed that the movement verifies the email addresses of members but conceded that "the system relies on the honesty of each member".[122]

In October 2016, Macron affirmed that En Marche! was "neck and neck with the Socialist Party" in terms of membership after only seven months of existence.[127] According to Mediapart, this included many independents and executives, but few functionaries, farmers and unemployed people. Many of its members had never been engaged in politics. However, the majority had only shown interest by leaving their information on the party website.[128]

La République En Marche! takes inspiration from the participatory model of Désirs d'avenir, Ségolène Royal's movement and intends to rely on its member files, according to deputy Pascal Terrasse and former leader of Désirs d'avenir.[129][130][131] According to Libération, the movement relies on a pyramidal enrolment system inspired by Barack Obama's campaigns of 2008 and 2012.[132]

By relying on a participatory political model, each La République En Marche! adherent has the opportunity to freely join or create a local committee. Each of these committees is led by one or more adherents who organize the committee by planning local events, meetings and debates centered around the ideas and values promoted by the movement. La République En Marche! counted more than 2,600 of these committees in December 2016.[133]

Finance

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Christian Dargnat, former general director of BNP Paribas Asset Management, leads the La République En Marche! financial association.[134] Since its creation, the association has raised funds for the party. In 2016, Georges Fenech, a deputy of the Republicans, alerted the National Assembly that the association had continued fund raising even during Macron's trip to London. This led Prime Minister Manuel Valls to issue an official denial even though En Marche! had already done so.[135] Macron declared in May 2016 that 2,000 donors had already contributed financially to the party. In December 2016, he spoke of more than 10,000 donors from 1 euro to 7,500 euros.[136] By the end of December 2016, he had collected between 4 and 5 million euros in donations.[137] At the end of March, this figure exceeded 9 million euros from 35,000 donations, averaging 257 euros per donation. 600 donors made up half of the total amount donated, with donations upwards of 5,000 euros.[138]

In the book Dans l'enfer de Bercy: Enquête sur les secrets du ministère des Finances (JC Lattès, 2017) by journalists Frédéric Says and Marion L'Hour, Macron was accused of using 120,000 euros from the state budget from 1 January to 30 August 2016 in order to fund his presidential campaign.[139]

European representation

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In the European Parliament, La République En Marche sits in the Renew Europe group with five MEPs.[140][141][142][143][144]

In the European Committee of the Regions, La République En Marche sits in the Renew Europe CoR group, with three full members and one alternate member for the 2020–2025 mandate.[145] Anne Rudisuhli is Coordinator in the SEDEC Commission and Magali Altounian is Deputy Coordinator in the ECON Commission.

Election results

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Presidential elections

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Presidency of the French Republic
Election year Candidate First round Second round Result
Votes % Rank Votes % Rank
2017 Emmanuel Macron 8,656,346 24.01   1st 20,743,128 66.10   1st Won
2022 9,783,058 27.85   1st 18,768,639 58.55   1st Won

Legislative elections

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National Assembly
Election year Leader First round Second round Seats /− Rank
(seats) 		Government
Votes % Votes %
2017 Richard Ferrand 6,391,269 28.21 7,826,245 43.06
308 / 577
   308 1st Presidential majority
2022 Élisabeth Borne 5,857,364 25.71 8,003,240 38.57
133 / 577
  175 1st Presidential minority
2024 Gabriel Attal 6,820,446 21.28 6,691,619 24.53
98 / 577
   35 2nd Presidential minority

European Parliament

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European Parliament
Election Leader Votes % Seats /− EP Group
2019[b] Nathalie Loiseau 5,079,015 22.42 (#2)
12 / 79
 New RE
2024[c] Valérie Hayer 3,589,114 14.56 (#2)
5 / 81
   7

See also

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Footnotes

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  1. ^ French: [ɑ̃ maʁʃ] In French, exclamation marks are preceded by a space. English-language media typically omit the space.
  2. ^ Run as part of Ensemble, which won 23 seats in total.
  3. ^ Run as part of Ensemble, which won 13 seats in total.

References

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Further reading

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  • Elgie, Robert. "The election of Emmanuel Macron and the new French party system: a return to the éternel marais?." Modern & Contemporary France 26.1 (2018): 15–29.
  • Gil, Cameron Michael. "Spatial analysis of La République En Marche and French Parties, 2002–2017." French Politics (2018): 1-27.
  • Gougou, Florent, and Simon Persico. "A new party system in the making? The 2017 French presidential election." French Politics 15.3 (2017): 303–321.
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