Ebenezer "Ben" Magoffin (1817–1865) was a Confederate officer in the American Civil War who carried a Missouri State Guard's colonel's commission and became a prominent figure in the early phase of the war in Missouri.[2] He was sentenced to death by a Union Army military commission in 1862, but was spared execution after Kentucky Governor Beriah Magoffin pleaded for the life of his brother with Abraham Lincoln.[3]
Colonel Ebenezer Magoffin | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1817 Mercer County, Kentucky, US |
| Died | 1865 |
| Relations | Beriah Magoffin (brother)[1] |
Early life
editEbenezer Magoffin was born in Harrodsburg, Kentucky to Beriah Magoffin, Sr., and Jane (McAfee) Magoffin.[4] Among his siblings were a Kentucky governor Beriah Magoffin and James Wiley Magoffin, a U.S. consul in Mexico. On July 12, 1836, he married Margaret Ann Hutchison and they had nine children. Around 1856, he relocated his family to Boone County, Missouri and then purchased 2,160 acres in Pettis County, Missouri for $16,000 naming the new farm, Prairie Lea.[5]
Civil War
editIn May 1861, Ebenezer Magoffin presented himself to Missouri Governor Claiborne F. Jackson and received an instruction to raise a regiment of cavalry for the Missouri State Guard. The regiment took part in the Battle of Boonville under the command of Major Thomas E. Staples while Magoffin stayed at his farm; he joined his regiment in the Battle of Carthage where he acted as an aide to Governor Jackson. Magoffin raised another regiment for General Price on Jackson's request, of which he was elected a colonel. The regiment at three companies strength was mustered in at Prairie Lea and left under the command of Col. Edwin Williamson Price, the eldest son of General Price.[6]
On August 29, 1861, he was apprehended in Georgetown, Pettis County, Missouri by Col. Henry M. Day of the First Illinois Cavalry, after a shootout that took life of Sergeant George W. Glasgow, 1st Illinois Cavalry, and placed under arrest in Lexington. After the Battle of Lexington Magoffin was exchanged for former Missouri Governor Austin A. King and stayed with Gen. Price's army. In December 1861, he asked for and received a 10-day pass from Col. Frederick Steele, Union Army of the West to see his wife who was dying; Union military authorities assumed that Magoffin asked for and was paroled.[5] On his return from Prairie Lea, Magoffin was taken prisoner with his two sons, Elijah H. Magoffin, 24 years old, and Beriah Magoffin, 19 years old, at Milford, Johnson County, Missouri, while traveling with a detachment of Confederate troops under Col. F. S. Robertson.[5]
On orders of Union General Henry W. Halleck, commanding the Department of Missouri, Ebenezer Magoffin was brought to St. Louis and charged with the murder of Sergeant Glasgow in Georgetown in August 1861 and violation of his alleged parole after rejoining the Confederates.
Escape from prison
editMagoffin was sentenced to death on February 20, 1862, by a military commission under General David S. Stanley, which absolved him of the murder charges but found guilty of violating his parole.[7][8] His brother, the Governor of Kentucky at the time, sent a letter to President Lincoln asking for clemency.[1] Lincoln suspended the sentence pending review but Magoffin escaped Alton Prison, where he had been confined, on July 25, 1862.[9] Magoffin's sons, Elijah H. Magoffin and Beriah Magoffin were instrumental in digging in twenty days the 60-foot-long tunnel leading to freedom; altogether, 36 Confederate prisoners escaped.[5][10]
Later life
editThe Magoffins went to Arkansas where they served under General Shelby. Elijah Magoffin was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel in July 1864.[11]
According to reports, Ebenezer Magoffin was stabbed to death in 1865 while trying to break up a tavern fight.[12] Elijah Magoffin traced the killer from Arkansas to Texas and hanged him to avenge his father's death.[5]
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ a b Gerteis, Louis. The Civil War in Missouri: A Military History. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2012, p. 125. ISBN 9780826219725
- ^ Levin, H. The Lawyers and Lawmakers of Kentucky. Southern Historical Press, 1982, p. 513.
- ^ Missouri Historical Review, Volume 88, 1993, p. 419.
- ^ Family of Jane (Jenny) McAfee & Beriah Magoffin
- ^ a b c d e Claycomb, William B. President Lincoln and the Magoffin Brothers. Dayton, Ohio: Morningside Bookshop, 1984. Republished in The Magoffin Family of Kentucky and related families, compiled by Virginia Hegseth. Baltimore, Md.: Otter Bay Books, 2013, pp. 38-54.
- ^ The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union, ... by United States. War Department, p. 361.
- ^ General David S. Stanley, USA: A Civil War Biography, By Dennis W. Belcher, p. 33.
- ^ Trial of Col. Ebenezer Magoffin, accused of murder and violation of parole. Saint Louis, Mo., February 6, 1862 Archived July 23, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, in The War of the Rebellion: a compilation of the official records of the Union and Confederate armies. United States. War Department. Series II, Vol I. Prisoners of War. Earlier Capture and arrests, and measures of Pacification in Missouri, p. 293.
- ^ "Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln. Volume 5". Retrieved 10 November 2019.
- ^ Speer, Lonnie R. Portals to Hell: Military Prisons of the Civil War. Mechanicsburg, Pa.: Stackpole Books, 1997, pp. 68-69.
- ^ Guide to Missouri Confederate Units, 1861-1865, By James E. McGhee, p. 220.
- ^ Bauser, Beverly. "The Colonel Ebenezer Magoffin Story". Madison County ILGenWeb. Archived from the original on 10 November 2019. Retrieved 8 March 2020.
Further reading
edit- Kelsey, D. M. Deeds of Daring by the American Soldier, North And South. Chicago and New York: The Werner Company, 1897.