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Roman Catholic Diocese of Great Falls–Billings

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The Diocese of Great Falls–Billings (Latin: Dioecesis Magnocataractensis–Billingensis) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in eastern Montana in the United States.

Diocese of Great Falls–Billings

Dioecesis Magnocataractensis–Billingensis
St. Ann's Cathedral
St. Patrick's Co-Cathedral
Coat of Arms of the Diocese of Great Falls-Billings
Location
Country United States
TerritoryMontana Big Horn, Blaine, Carbon, Carter, Cascade, Chouteau, Custer, Daniels, Dawson, Fallon, Fergus, Garfield, Golden Valley, Hill, Judith Basin, Liberty, McCone, Musselshell, Park, Petroleum, Phillips, Powder River, Prairie, Richland, Roosevelt, Rosebud, Sheridan, Stillwater, Sweet Grass, Treasure, Valley, Wibaux and Yellowstone counties in eastern Montana
Ecclesiastical provinceProvince of Portland
Population
- Catholics
51,629[1] (13.2%)
Information
DenominationCatholic
Sui iuris churchLatin Church
RiteRoman Rite
EstablishedMay 18, 1904
CathedralSt. Ann's Cathedral (Great Falls)
Co-cathedralSt. Patrick's Co-Cathedral (Billings)
Patron saintSt. Matthias the Apostle
St. Pius X
Current leadership
PopeFrancis
BishopJeffrey M. Fleming
Metropolitan ArchbishopAlexander King Sample
Bishops emeritusMichael W. Warfel
Map
Website
diocesegfb.org

The Diocese of Great Falls was established in 1904; it became the Diocese of Great Falls-Billings in 1980. The bishop of Great Falls-Billings is Jeffrey Fleming.[2] The diocese has two cathedrals: St Ann's Cathedral in Great Falls, dedicated in 1907, and St Patrick's Co-Cathedral in Billings, dedicated in 1908.

History

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1800 to 1883

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The earliest Catholic presence in present-day Montana was the arrival of Catholic Iroquois/Haudenosaunee fur traders who settled with the Flathead Nation in western Montana around 1811. The Flathead sent emissaries to St. Louis, Missouri four times in the 1830s to petition the Diocese of St. Louis for their own missionaries. At that time, the diocese was responsible for large territories east of the Rocky Mountains.

Finally, in 1840, the Diocese of St. Louis sent missionary Reverend Pierre-Jean de Smet to Montana. Encouraged by his reception by the Flathead Nation, de Smet returned the following year to establish missions.[3][4] The missions founded by Jesuit missionaries in eastern Montana included:

1883 to 1900

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In 1883, Pope Leo XIII erected the Apostolic Vicariate of Montana, including eastern Montana from the Diocese of St. Louis. He appointed Bishop Jean-Baptiste Brondel of the Diocese of Vancouver Island as the apostolic vicar.[7]

One year later, the same pope created the Diocese of Helena to replace the vicariate. Eastern Montana would be part of the Diocese of Helena for the next 21 years. In 1884, Brondel purchased land in present-day Ashland to found the St. Labre Indian School, staffed by Ursuline Order sisters.[8]

The first Catholic parish in Billings, St. Patrick's, was established in 1887.[9]

1900 to 1930

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Pope Pius X erected the Diocese of Great Falls on May 18, 1904, taking eastern Montana from the Diocese of Helena.[1][10] The pope named Reverend Mathias Lenihan from the Diocese of Dubuque as the first bishop of the new diocese.[11]

Lenihan served as bishop for 26 years. He was involved in temperance reform, building the parochial school system, and constructing a new cathedral. The new St. Ann Cathedral in Great Falls was dedicated in 1907. Lenihan was instrumental in establishing an orphanage staffed by the Sisters of Charity of Providence. In 1913, Lenihan introduced Benedictine sisters from Germany to minister to minister in Poplar to Native Americans at the Fort Peck Indian Reservation.[8] The diocese also established several new parishes during his episcopate.[12] Lenihan retired in 1930.

1930 to 1980

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The second bishop of Great Falls was Reverend Edwin O'Hara from the Diocese of Oregon City, named by Pope Pius IX in 1930. Concerned at the lack of doctrinal education among rural Catholic children, O'Hara introduced the Confraternity of Christian Doctrine (CCD) program in the diocese in 1930.[13] O'Hara worked to implement CCD throughout his diocese and the United States. His efforts led to a revitalization of CCD and rapid adoption of it throughout the country.[14] O'Hara then promoted the establishment of CCD neighborhood groups of four to six adults to study a single work for eight weeks, twice a year. By 1934, more than 400 adult CCD groups existed in the diocese. The movement spread nationwide, with tens of thousands of adult groups.[15] O'Hara became bishop of the Diocese of Kansas City in 1939.

To replace O'Hara, Pope Pius XII appointed Monsignor William Condon from the Diocese of Spokane. Condon retired in 1967.[16] His replacement was Auxiliary Bishop Eldon Schuster of Great Falls, named bishop by Pope Paul VI that same year. Shuster retired in 1977.[17]

In 1978, Reverend Thomas Murphy of the Archdiocese of Chicago was appointed bishop of Great Falls-Billings by Paul VI.[18][19]

1980 to 2010

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On February 14, 1980, Pope John Paul II renamed the Diocese of Great Falls to the Diocese of Great Falls-Billings to reflect the population growth in Billings.[20] In 1987, Murphy became the coadjutor archbishop of the Archdiocese of Seattle.

To replace Murphy in Great Falls-Billings, John Paul II appointed Auxiliary Bishop Anthony Milone from the Archdiocese of Omaha.[21] In 2005, the Northern Cheyenne Nation sued the St. Labre Indian School in Ashland and the Diocese of Great Falls-Billings. The plaintiff alleged that both organizations used the tribe's poverty to raise millions of dollars, but shared almost none of it with the nation. The lawsuit claimed breach of contract, cultural genocide, fraud, and unjust enrichment.

Murphy retired early in 2006 due to health concerns. Pope Benedict XVI then named Bishop Michael Warfel from the Diocese of Juneau as the next bishop of Great Falls-Billings.[22]

2010 to present

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In 2013, the Montana Supreme Court reversed parts of a lower court ruling dismissing the Northern Cheyenne suit. However, the Supreme Court did say that the Northern Cheyenne had failed to prove allegations of breach of contract, negligent misrepresentation, fraud and wrongful conversion. The court also out claims of cultural genocide.[23] The Northern Cheyenne and St. Labre School reached an out-of-court settlement in December 2014. The school agreed to pay the nation $6 million in 2014, $1 million per year from 2015 to 2019,[23] and $60,000 per year beginning in 2020.[24]

In early 2016, the diocese created the Diocese of Great Falls-Billings Juridic Persons Capital Assets Support Corporation (the "Capital Assets Support Corporation", or CASC), a non-profit organization. The diocese then transferred most of its cash and assets to CASC by the end of 2016. Critics accused the diocese of trying to protect the church's assets from victim claims by transferring them to an organization it controlled.[25] In March 2017, the diocese filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in the light of multiple lawsuits for sexual abuse of minors by clergy.[26][27]

In July 2018, Warfel reprimanded two priests from the diocese. The priests, wearing clerical garb, had attended a political rally in Great Falls for President Donald Trump. The rally organizers had seated the two priests in highly visible positions in the first row behind the podium. The priests were seen clapping when Trump joked about the MeToo movement and when he referred derisively to U.S. Senator Elizabeth Warren as "Pocahontas". Warfel later told the priests that they should have worn civilian clothes to the rally and should have requested less visible seats.[28]

Warfel retired as bishop of the diocese in 2023. Jeffrey M. Fleming, who had served as coadjutor bishop of the diocese since April 19, 2022, became bishop of the diocese on August 22, 2023.[29]

Sexual abuse

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In 2012, the first of several sexual abuse lawsuits was filed against the diocese, alleging abuse of both boys and girls by diocesan clergy and employees.[30] Over 60 plaintiffs had joined the suits by April 2015.[31] By 2017, the diocese faced more than 400 potential sexual abuse lawsuits.[26]

In March 2017, just weeks before the first sexual abuse trials were to begin,[27] the diocese filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.[26][32] The diocese then agreed to compensate 72 plaintiffs in the lawsuits and establish a fund to compensate future unknown victims.[26] In response, the alleged victims and other church creditors sued the diocese in January 2018. They alleged that the diocese illegally triggered its bankruptcy by creating CASC, in what they termed as a fraudulent attempt to hide $16 million assets.[25][33] The victims also argued that the assets of 14 of the 50 parishes should be considered diocesan assets and subject to entailment.[25][34][a] In response to this lawsuit, the diocese filed a motion to dismiss its bankruptcy proceeding.[34] Another 14 victims came forward after the bankruptcy filing.[32]

In April 2018, the two sides announced a new bankruptcy plan and settlement, with terms similar to the 2015 bankruptcy filing by the Diocese of Helena. In addition, the Great Falls-Billings plan also required the diocese to begin "intensive background checks and screening of potential seminarians" and to publish a list of all known abusers, past and present, that were named in the lawsuits.[32]

A federal court approved the new Great Falls-Billings bankruptcy plan in August 2018. The diocese would pay $20 million to 86 alleged victims, setting aside another $1.75 million to cover administrative costs and to compensate f victims who came forward in the future. The 86 victims were to receive their payments within a month.[36] The $20 million was to come from the following sources:

  • Catholic Mutual, the diocese's liability insurer ($8 million)[b]
  • The diocese ($4 million)[c]
  • Individual parishes ($4 million)
  • CASC ($2 million)
  • The Catholic Foundation of Eastern Montana ($1 million)
  • St. Labre Indian School ($1 million)[27]

In November 2018, Reverend Lothar Krauth, a retired priest from Our Lady of Lourdes in Great Falls, was arrested on charges of possessing child pornography. Receiving a tip from the US Department of Homeland Security, local police found thousands of images of young children engaged in sexual activity. Krauth pleaded guilty in April 2019 and was sentenced in October 2019 to five years in prison.[37][38]

Bishops

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Bishops of Great Falls

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  1. Mathias Clement Lenihan (1904-1930)
  2. Edwin Vincent O'Hara (1930-1939), appointed Bishop of Kansas City; later elevated to Archbishop (ad personam) in 1954
  3. William Joseph Condon (1939-1967)
  4. Eldon Bernard Schuster (1967-1977)
  5. Thomas Joseph Murphy (1978-1980), title changed with title of diocese[39]

Bishops of Great Falls-Billings

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  1. Thomas Joseph Murphy (1980-1987), appointed Coadjutor Archbishop of Seattle and subsequently succeeded to that see
  2. Anthony Michael Milone (1987-2006)
  3. Michael William Warfel (2007–2023)
  4. Jeffrey M. Fleming (2023–present), coadjutor from 2022

Former auxiliary bishops

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Eldon Bernard Schuster (1961-1967), appointed Bishop of Great Falls

Education

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High Schools

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Higher education

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University of Providence – Great Falls, sponsored by the Sisters of Providence

Hospitals

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The diocese has two Catholic acute-care hospitals, both sponsored by the Sisters of Charity of Leavenworth:

  • Holy Rosary Healthcare – Miles City
  • St. Vincent Healthcare – Billings

References

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Notes

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  1. ^ The Diocese of Great Falls-Billings was incorporated as a corporation sole, which means that the diocese held title to all parish assets.[35]
  2. ^ Insurance coverage by Catholic Mutual began in 1974, and covered 22 of the 86 claims.[34]
  3. ^ The diocesan payment came from the sale of apartments in Great Falls (generating $1.5 million), the sale of other property in Great Falls (generating $1 million), the sale of property in Billings ($250,000), and cash savings remaining in the Diocesan Deposit and Loan Fund ($250,000). The diocese also pledged $1 million in parish past-due loan revenues.[36]

Citations

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  1. ^ a b "Diocese of Great Falls-Billings". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved January 23, 2015.
  2. ^ "Pope Francis Accepts Resignation of Bishop Michael Warfel of Great Falls-Billings; Succeeded by Coadjutor Bishop Jeffrey Fleming | USCCB". www.usccb.org. Retrieved August 22, 2023.
  3. ^ "Pierre-Jean de Smet | Jesuit missionary | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved April 21, 2023.
  4. ^ "Montana, Catholic Church in | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved April 21, 2023.
  5. ^ Program, The Montana National Register Sign. "St. Xavier Mission Church and Rectory". Historic Montana. Retrieved April 22, 2023.
  6. ^ "St. Peter's Mission - Central Montana". centralmontana.com. Retrieved October 4, 2023.
  7. ^ Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Helena" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  8. ^ a b "About". The Diocese of Great Falls-Billings. Retrieved April 22, 2023.
  9. ^ "History". St. Patrick’s Co-Cathedral. Retrieved September 18, 2011.
  10. ^ "Diocese of Montana Split into two". Dioceseofgfb.org. Retrieved April 26, 2014.
  11. ^ "Archbishop Mathias Clement Lenihan [Catholic-Hierarchy]". www.catholic-hierarchy.org. Retrieved October 4, 2023.
  12. ^ "Great Falls". www.newadvent.org. Retrieved May 18, 2010.
  13. ^ Keller, Rosemary Skinner; Ruether, Rosemary Radford; Cantlon, Marie (2006). Encyclopedia of Women and Religion in North America. Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press. p. 878. ISBN 9780253346858.
  14. ^ Dolan, Timothy Michael (1992). Some Seed Fell on Good Ground: The Life of Edwin V. O'Hara. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press. pp. 126–155. ISBN 9780813219493.
  15. ^ Chinnici, Joseph P. (2004). "The Catholic Community at Prayer: 1926-1976". In O'Toole, James M. (ed.). Habits of Devotion: Catholic Religious Practice in Twentieth-Century America. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press. pp. 48–50. ISBN 9780801442568.
  16. ^ "Bishop William Joseph Condon [Catholic-Hierarchy]". www.catholic-hierarchy.org. Retrieved October 4, 2023.
  17. ^ "Bishop Eldon Bernard Schuster [Catholic-Hierarchy]". www.catholic-hierarchy.org. Retrieved October 4, 2023.
  18. ^ "Archbishop Murphy Archive". The Archbishop Thomas J. Murphy Archive. August 30, 2013. Retrieved October 4, 2023.
  19. ^ "Archbishop Thomas Joseph Murphy [Catholic-Hierarchy]". www.catholic-hierarchy.org. Retrieved April 13, 2022.
  20. ^ "Diocese Renamed". Dioceseofgfb.org. Retrieved April 26, 2014.
  21. ^ "Bishop Anthony Michael Milone [Catholic-Hierarchy]". www.catholic-hierarchy.org. Retrieved October 4, 2023.
  22. ^ "Bishop Michael W. Warfel". The Diocese of Great Falls-Billings. Retrieved October 4, 2023.
  23. ^ a b Hoffman, Matt (August 13, 2015). "Northern Cheyenne protesters say council mishandled $11 million settlement with St. Labre". Billings Gazette. Retrieved September 19, 2016.
  24. ^ Brouwer, Derek (January 18, 2015). "Ending decade of litigation, tribe and Catholic school reach settlement over exploitation suit". Billings Gazette. Retrieved September 19, 2016.
  25. ^ a b c Devlin, Sherry (January 25, 2018). "Lawsuit: Montana diocese hid assets to avoid paying clergy sex abuse victims". Missoula Current. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  26. ^ a b c d Hanson, Amy Beth (March 31, 2017). "Great Falls-Billings diocese filing for bankruptcy to settle sex abuse claims". Associated Press. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  27. ^ a b c Tollefson, Phoebe (August 14, 2018). "Bankruptcy plan for Eastern Montana Catholic diocese approved, attorneys say". Billings Gazette. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  28. ^ "Bishop Criticizes Priests Who Attended Trump Rally as VIPs". Flathead Beacon. July 9, 2018. Retrieved May 7, 2022.
  29. ^ "Bishop Jeffrey M. Fleming". Retrieved December 12, 2024.
  30. ^ Olp, Susan (March 3, 2014). "Plaintiffs' attorneys expect numbers to go up in Great Falls-Billings diocese sex abuse lawsuits". Billings Gazette. Retrieved September 19, 2016.
  31. ^ Erickson, David (April 30, 2015). "Helena Diocese names perpetrators of sexual abuse; many at western Montana parishes". The Missoulian. Retrieved September 19, 2016.
  32. ^ a b c Morris-Young, Dennis (May 4, 2018). "Great Falls-Billings Diocese abuse litigation nears end". National Catholic Reporter. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  33. ^ Current, Missoula (January 26, 2018). "Lawsuit: Montana diocese hid assets to avoid paying clergy sex abuse victims". The Missoula Current News - Daily News in Missoula Montana. Retrieved April 22, 2023.
  34. ^ a b c Tollefson, Phoebe (March 14, 2018). "Eastern Montana Catholic Diocese wants to back out of bankruptcy". Billings Gazette. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  35. ^ Reilly, Marie T. (2018), Catholic Dioceses in Bankruptcy, Penn State Law Research Paper No. 10-2018, Pennsylvania State University, p. 13
  36. ^ a b "Bishop addresses $20M settlement between diocese and sexual abuse victims". KRTV. August 15, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  37. ^ Rosenbaum, Traci (April 8, 2019). "Ex-Lourdes priest admits to receiving child porn, sentencing date set". Great Falls Tribune. Retrieved October 5, 2023.
  38. ^ "Krauth Sentenced on Child Pornography Charge". KXLH TV. October 3, 2019. Retrieved October 5, 2023.
  39. ^ "Bishops from 1883 to the Present". Dioceseofgfb.org. Retrieved April 26, 2014.
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Arms

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Coat of arms of Roman Catholic Diocese of Great Falls–Billings
 
Notes
This version of the arms was adopted when the Diocese of Great Falls became a dual See City diocese.
Adopted
June 1980
Helm
The escutcheon is crowned with a gold jeweled and pearled bishop's mitre pretiosa, with gold mantling folded behind the escutcheon.
Escutcheon
The arms of the diocese are composed of a main section that occupies the bottom two-thirds of the shield. This section of the shield is divided into four vertical sections, known as pales, of alternating blue and silver (white). These four sections are in the traditional heraldic colors of water and have straight edges. On these four pales are three cross fleury that are counterchanged, divided and colored opposite their background. The upper one-third of the shield, known as a chief, is silver (white) on which is displayed a red demi-sun.
An inescutcheon, a small shield superimposed on the larger design, is in the center. The inescutcheon is divided into two halves, across the middle. The upper portion is gold (yellow) on which is placed a green trefoil, the heraldic representation of the shamrock. The lower portion is also gold and on this field is placed a blue pile (a V-shape). The gold portions of the inescutcheon contain small black dots, implying sagebrush or agricultural plantings.
Symbolism
The four pales of alternating blue and silver (white) symbolize water falling rapidly from a great height, and reflect the name of the prime See City of Great Falls. The three counterchanged crosses honor the Holy Trinity. The demi-sun on the chief represents the fact that the See City of Great Falls is located opposite the mouth of the Sun River.
The trefoil on the inescutchen honors Saint Patrick, for whom the co-cathedral in Billings is named. The dotted gold fields represent the plains which surround the city of Billings. The blue charge represents the valley of the Yellowstone River, and is placed to give the illusion of the "rimrocks"—the cliffs that surround the city of Billings.
Previous versions
The arms without the inescutcheon were the arms of the Diocese of Great Falls from the time of its erection on May 18, 1904, until the Diocese of Great Falls became a dual See City diocese in June 1980.

47°30′13″N 111°17′10.67″W / 47.50361°N 111.2862972°W / 47.50361; -111.2862972

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