Dewvaporation is a novel desalination technology developed at Arizona State University (Tempe) as an energy efficient tool for freshwater procurement and saline waste stream management. The system has relatively low installation costs and low operation and maintenance requirements.[1]
The process uses air as a carrier gas[2] that transfers water vapor from ascending evaporative channels to adjacent, descending dew-forming channels. Heat flowing through the barrier allows the evaporative energy requirement to be fully satisfied by the heat released by condensation on the dew forming side. A small pressure difference[3] is held so that the condensing cooler air is kept on the cool side.
Near atmospheric operation permits corrosion free and scale-resistant polypropylene construction, and also allows the use of low-grade heat to drive the process.
The process is proprietary, developed by Dr. James R. Beckman.[4] Currently, Altela Inc. (Albuquerque, NM) is manufacturing this technology under the AltelaRain trade name.
Detailed process
editAccording to the Bureau of Reclamation, a branch of the US Department of Interior,[5] this process uses simple corrugated plastic tanks with many "DewVaporation columns" inserted in each tank.[6] Each column is made of corrugated plastic and is divided into two compartments. The wall in the middle serves for receiving and evaporating sea-water into a hot air stream, and on the other side for condensing freshwater. The cooling from the evaporation helps water condense on the dividing wall, while the energy from the condensing vapor, now turned to droplets, passes back to the evaporation side, and is absorbed in the evaporating sea water. This way, much of the energy (as heat) is left in the process, and is not removed with the air leaving the DewVaporation column.
Various improvements have been proposed, among those reusing the output brine and adding external heat in a stacked way, so that the pressure and humidity gap between the two sides of the column are optimal and constant.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Research results from 2000 by the US Bureau of Reclamation
- ^ Hamieh, Bassem M.; Beckman, James R.; Ybarra, Michael D. (November 20, 2001). "Brackish and seawater desalination using a 20 ft2 dewvaporation tower". Desalination. 140 (3): 217–226. doi:10.1016/S0011-9164(01)00371-X – via ScienceDirect.217-226&rft.date=2001-11-20&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/S0011-9164(01)00371-X&rft.aulast=Hamieh&rft.aufirst=Bassem M.&rft.au=Beckman, James R.&rft.au=Ybarra, Michael D.&rft_id=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001191640100371X&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Dewvaporation" class="Z3988">
- ^ Less than 1 PSI according to the patent application from 2008
- ^ James R. Beckman USPTO Patent application number: 7,431,805 James R. Beckman 2008 Method and apparatus for simultaneous heat and mass transfer utilizing a carrier-gas at various absolute pressures. As listed in the patent, the invention was a follow up on an earlier filing from 2003, and earlier work from 1989 published in conjunction with Walter F. Albers. The development was partially funded by the US government.
- ^ USBR Archived 2009-02-15 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Figure 5. Top View of Tower
External links
edit- Solar Desalination using Dewvaporation
- Seawater desalination using Dewvaporation technique: theoretical development and design evolution
- Seawater desalination using Dewvaporation technique: experimental and enhancement work with economic analysis
- Dewvaporation Desalination 5,000-Gallon-Per-Day Pilot Plant
- Brackish and seawater desalination using a 20 ft2 dewvaporation tower