Daniel Gralath (30 May 1708 – 23 July 1767) was a physicist and a mayor of Danzig.[1]
Gralath was born and died in Danzig (Gdańsk) in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. He came from a well-to-do trade family. He studied law and philosophy in Halle, Leyden and Marburg from 1728 to 1734. Later he became councilman and, in 1763, mayor of Danzig.[1] His father-in-law was Jacob Theodor Klein (1685–1759), a city secretary and a distinguished scientist, nicknamed Gedanensium Plinius.
As a physicist, Gralath worked on electricity, founded the Danzig Research Society, and repeated the experiments of Ewald Georg von Kleist with the Leyden jar.[1] Gralath improved the design of the Leyden jar and demonstrated its effects on a chain of 20 persons.[2] He was also the first to combine several jars to make a battery,[3] but that claim is disputed.[4] From 1747 to 1756, he published his "History of Electricity" in three parts in issues of Versuche und Abhandlungen der Naturforschende Gesellschaft in Danzig,[5] which may have contributed to the historical judgement that he was the first to combine several Leyden jars.[6]
References
edit- ^ a b c Wißner, Adolf (1964). "Gralath, Daniel der Ältere". Neue Deutsche Biographie. Vol. 6. p. 736.
- ^ Mottelay, P. F. (1891). "Chronological History of Electricity, Galvanism, Magnetism and the Telegraph from B. B.. 2637 to A. D. 1888 -- Part I". The Electrical World. 18 (5): 77–79.
- ^ Benjamin, Park (1895). A History of Electricity: (The Intellectual Rise in Electricity) from Antiquity to the Days of Benjamin Franklin. J. Wiley & Sons. pp. 522–524.
- ^ Allerhand, A. (2018). "Who invented the earliest capacitor bank ("battery" of Leyden jars)? It's complicated" (PDF). Proceedings of the IEEE. 106 (3): 501. doi:10.1109/JPROC.2018.2795846. S2CID 3782989. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-03-07.
- ^ Heilbron, J. L. (1982). Elements of Early Modern Physics. University of California Press. p. 256. ISBN 978-0-520-04555-2.
- ^ Allerhand, A. (2018). "Who invented the earliest capacitor bank ("battery" of Leyden jars)? It's complicated" (PDF). Proceedings of the IEEE. 106 (3): 502. doi:10.1109/JPROC.2018.2795846. S2CID 3782989. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-03-07.
Further reading
edit- Januszatjis, Anrezej (2001). "Scientists in Old Gdansk: 17th and 18th Centuries" (PDF). TASK Quarterly. 5 (3): 389–399.
- Schumann, Eduard (1898). "Der Bürgermeister Daniel Gralath, der Stifter der Naturhistorischen Gesellschaft in Danzig". Schriften der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Danzig. Vol. 6. pp. 192–205.
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