Dagobert Biermann (13 November 1904 — 22 February 1943) was a German Communist and resistance fighter against National Socialism. His son is German singer and former East German dissident Wolf Biermann. He was murdered in Auschwitz.
Dagobert Biermann | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 13 November 1904 Hamburg, Germany |
| Died | 22 February 1943 |
| Nationality | German |
| Occupation(s) | Communist and resistance fighter |
Background
editDagobert Biermann was born in Hamburg to Louise (née Löwenthal) and John Biermann. Biermann was Jewish. He and his wife, Emma (née Dietrich), were members of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD).[1][2] Before the Nazis seized power, a time when the KPD held the Social Democrats (SPD) in disdain, Biermann believed there should be unity between the KPD and the SPD.[3]
Resistance activity
editAfter Adolf Hitler seized power, Biermann went underground,[4] and published the Hamburger Volkszeitung ("Hamburg Peoples' Newspaper"). He and his group were discovered, and Biermann was sentenced to two years at hard labor at Zuchthaus Lübeck, where he met the lawyer, Herbert Michaelis, and the lathe operator, Bruno Rieboldt. Biermann was released in May 1935, and found employment as a metalworker at Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft on the waterfront, along with Rieboldt, who was also released. Biermann re-joined the KPD, and resumed working with the German Resistance.[4]
Biermann and Riebodt began working with Michaelis, with Rieboldt reporting to him about the armaments work, and especially about the production of airplane motors and warships. In 1937, the Resistance group disclosed a secret weapons shipment from Adolf Hitler to Spain's Francisco Franco.[5] Biermann learned of the shipment from his brother-in-law, Karl Dietrich, a ship captain. Biermann and other shipyard workers decided to collect whatever evidence they could of the shipment bound for Spain. Michaelis had contacts living abroad, in exile, who could help spread the word. One example of evidence was discovered in March 1937, when Dietrich slipped two unusual rifle cartridges to Biermann. Unlike normal munitions, these cartridges were unmarked, having no indication of manufacturer, date, or type of bullet. Michaelis passed such information, along with reports of ship movements towards Spain and other materials, to the head of the KPD in Basel, where it was then made public.[6]
At the same time, leaflets and graffiti calling for solidarity with the Republicans in the Spanish Civil War began to appear at the harbor. A Gestapo spy managed to infiltrate the Resistance group, and Biermann and others were arrested.[6] Biermann was charged with sabotaging Nazi ships.[7] Michaelis was sentenced to death by the Volksgerichthof in 1939, even before the beginning of the Second World War.[5] Biermann and others were sentenced to prison, Biermann receiving six years.[6] In 1942, the Nazis decided to eliminate their Jewish political prisoners, and Biermann was deported to Auschwitz concentration camp, where he was murdered on 22 February 1943.[8][9][10][11]
Commemoration
editBiermann is included in the Ernst Thälmann Memorial, and in the book, Streiflichter aus dem Hamburger Widerstand 1933-1945.
References
edit- ^ Vees-Gulani, Susanne (2003). Trauma and guilt: literature of wartime bombing in Germany. Berlin and New York: de Gruyter. p. 143. ISBN 9783110178081. Retrieved March 26, 2010.
- ^ "Atlas". 1967.
- ^ Borcholte, Andreas; Malzahn, Claus Christian (November 10, 2006). "Interview with Wolf Biermann". Spiegel Online (in German). Retrieved March 28, 2010.
- ^ a b "Menschen, die Hamburg genommen wurden: Dagobert Biermann (1904-1943)". Hamburger Abendblatt (in German). January 27, 2010. Retrieved March 28, 2010.
- ^ a b Kloth, Hans Michael (January 21, 2008). "Mein Nachbar, der KZ-Kommandant" [My neighbor, the concentration camp commandant]. Spiegel Online (in German).
- ^ a b c Schneider, Heinz Jürgen (February 1, 2007). "(K)ein Ehrenbürger". Junge Welt (in German). Archived from the original on 2011-07-17. Retrieved March 26, 2010.
- ^ Craven, Peter (March 29, 2009). "Our guest on 29.03.2009 Wolf Biermann, Singer-songwriter and Poet". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved March 26, 2010.
- ^ Opfer der Verfolgung der Juden unter der nationalsozialistischen Gewaltherrschaft in Deutschland 1933-1945 [Victims of Jewish Persecution under Nazi Dictatorship in Germany, 1933-1945] (in German). Koblenz: German Federal Archives. 1986. ISBN 3-89192-003-2.
- ^ Liste der Opfer aus Auschwitz. Auschwitz-Todesregister, Staatliches Museum Auschwitz-Birkenau, (List of the Victims of Auschwitz, Auschwitz Death Register, State Museum, Auschwitz-Birkenau) p. 9847/1943 (in German)
- ^ Photo of Wolf Biermann, with description Retrieved March 26, 2010
- ^ Rodden, John (2002). Repainting the Little red Schoolhouse: A History of Eastern German Education, 1945-1995. Oxford University Press. p. 150. ISBN 978-0-19-511244-3.
Further reading
edit- Ursel Hochmuth and Gertrud Meyer, Editors. Streiflichter aus dem Hamburger Widerstand 1933–1945, Frankfurt am Main (1969) p. 342 (in German)