Cranberry sauce or cranberry jam[1] is a sauce or relish made out of cranberries, commonly served as a condiment or a side dish with Thanksgiving dinner in North America and Christmas dinner in the United Kingdom and Canada. There are differences in flavor depending on the geography of where the sauce is made: in Europe it is generally slightly sour-tasting, while in North America it is typically more heavily sweetened.
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| Alternative names | Cranberry jam |
|---|---|
| Type | Sauce or jam |
| Place of origin | New England |
| Main ingredients | Cranberries, sugar, water |
History
editThe recipe for cranberry sauce appears in the 1796 edition of American Cookery by Amelia Simmons, the first known cookbook authored by an American.
In 1606, the Mi'kmaq people introduced the French settlers in Port-Royal, Nova Scotia, to cranberries. They would have been sweetened with maple sugar and served at the settlers first Thanksgiving in North America that year. The settlers described eating what they called "small red apples" in letters sent back to France. Port-Royal reports contained menus describing cranberries. They are still called pommes de prés, or 'meadow apples', today in Acadia.
Although the Pilgrims may have been aware of the wild cranberries growing in the Massachusetts Bay area, it is unlikely that cranberry sauce would have been among the dishes served at the First Thanksgiving meal. Cranberries are not mentioned by any primary sources for the First Thanksgiving meal. The only foods mentioned are "Indian corn", wild turkey and waterfowl, and venison. The rest remains a matter of speculation among food historians. Although stuffings are not mentioned in primary sources, it was a common way to prepare birds for the table in the 17th century.[2] According to a "Thanksgiving Primer" published by the Plimoth Plantation, cranberries may have been used in the stuffing recipes, but it is unlikely they would have been made into a sauce because sugar was very scarce.[3]
Cranberry sauce was invented by Marcus Urann – founder of the Ocean Spray cooperative – and first offered to consumers in North America in 1912 in Hanson, Massachusetts.[4][5] Canned cranberry sauce appeared on the market in 1941, allowing the product to be sold year-round.[6] Cranberry sauce can be used with a variety of meats, including turkey, pork, chicken, and ham.
Cranberry sauce is often eaten in conjunction with turkey for Christmas in the United Kingdom and Canada or Thanksgiving in the United States and Canada, and it is only rarely eaten or served in other contexts there.[7]
Preparation
editThe most basic cranberry sauce consists of cranberries boiled in sugar water until the berries pop and the mixture thickens. Some recipes include other ingredients such as slivered almonds, orange juice, orange zest, ginger, maple syrup, port wine, or cinnamon.[citation needed]
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Preparing cranberry sauce at home -
A home-made jar of cranberry sauce
Commercial cranberry sauce
editCommercial cranberry sauce may be loose and uncondensed, or condensed or jellied and sweetened with various ingredients. The jellied form may be slipped out of a can onto a dish, and served sliced or intact for slicing at the table. Marcus Urann first commercially produced cranberry sauce in 1912, selling it locally in the Massachusetts market. In 1941, it was first marketed nationally in the USA by the agricultural cooperative that later became known as Ocean Spray, where Urann was president.[8]
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Cranberry sauce served at restaurant -
Cranberry jelly from a can -
Cranberry jelly from a can, sliced
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Pyenson, Andrea (2010-11-24). "A tale of two side dishes". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on 2012-11-02. Retrieved 2010-11-25.
- ^ "Smithsonian Magazine - Smithsonian". Smithsonianmag.com. Archived from the original on July 23, 2015. Retrieved October 14, 2017.
- ^ "Beyond Cranberry Sauce". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2021-01-26. Retrieved 2020-09-12.
- ^ "History of Cranberries". Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association. Archived from the original on 16 November 2015. Retrieved 28 November 2015.
- ^ Morales, Christina (November 17, 2022). "How Jellied Cranberry Sauce is Made". The New York Times. Retrieved December 1, 2024.
- ^ Smith, K. Annabelle (27 November 2013). "This Man Made the First Canned Cranberry Sauce". Smithsonian magazine. Archived from the original on 1 December 2015. Retrieved 28 November 2015.
- ^ Wallendorf, Melanie; Arnould, Eric (1991). ""We Gather Together": Consumption Rituals of Thanksgiving Day". Journal of Consumer Research. 18 (1). University of Chicago Press: 13–31. doi:10.1086/209237. JSTOR 2489481.
- ^ Smith, K. Annabelle (27 November 2013). "This Man Made the First Canned Cranberry Sauce". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 29 November 2024.
