Cornulitida is an extinct order of encrusting animals from class Tentaculita, which were common around the globe in the Ordovician to Devonian oceans, and survived until the Carboniferous.[1][2][3] Organisms that may be the oldest cornulitids have been found in Cambrian sediments of Jordan.[4]
| Cornulitida Temporal range:
| |
|---|---|
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| Cornulitid on a brachiopod valve (Upper Ordovician, SE Indiana) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Class: | †Tentaculita |
| Order: | †Cornulitida Boucek, 1964 |
| Genera | |
Cornulitids had shells, and were subject to predation by boring and other means from the Ordovician onwards. Many survived attacks by predators.[1] Several cornulitids were endobiotic symbionts in the stromatoporoids and tabulates.[5][6][7]
Their affinity is unknown; they have been placed in many phyla, and have been considered worms, corals, molluscs and more.[1] They appear to be closely related to other taxa of uncertain affinity, including the microconchids, trypanoporids and tentaculitids.[1]
Gallery
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Cornulitids on a bryozoan; Bellevue Member, Grant Lake Formation, northern Kentucky -
Conchicolites sp. overview of the rings with spines, Lilla Karlsö, Sweden -
Septalites septatus from the Silurian of Gotland -
Cornulites cellulosus from Wenlock of Saaremaa, Estonia
References
edit- ^ a b c d e Vinn, O. (2009). "Attempted predation on Early Paleozoic cornulitids". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 273 (1–2): 87–91. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.12.004. Retrieved 2014-06-11.
- ^ Vinn, O (2013). "Cornulitid tubeworms from the Ordovician of eastern Baltic". Carnets de Géologie: 131–138. doi:10.4267/2042/51214. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^ Vinn, O; Wilson, M.A. (2013). "Silurian cornulitids of Estonia (Baltica)". Carnets de Géologie: 357–368. doi:10.4267/2042/53034. Archived from the original on 2013-12-27.
- ^ Olaf Elicki (January 2011). "First skeletal microfauna from the Cambrian Series 3 of the Jordan Rift Valley (Middle East)". Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists. 42 (42): 153-173.
- ^ Vinn, O.; Mõtus, M.-A. (2008). "The earliest endosymbiotic mineralized tubeworms from the Silurian of Podolia, Ukraine". Journal of Paleontology. 82 (2): 409–414. doi:10.1666/07-056.1. S2CID 131651974. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^ Vinn, O.; Wilson, M.A. (2010). "Endosymbiotic Cornulites in the Sheinwoodian (Early Silurian) stromatoporoids of Saaremaa, Estonia". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen. 257: 13–22. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2010/0048. Archived from the original on 2023-11-06. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^ Vinn, O.; Mõtus, M.-A. (2012). "Diverse early endobiotic coral symbiont assemblage from the Katian (Late Ordovician) of Baltica". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 321–322: 137–141. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.01.028. Archived from the original on 2023-12-17. Retrieved 2024-01-31.