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The Col de Montgenèvre (Italian: Passo del Monginevro; elevation 1860 m.) is a high mountain pass in the Cottian Alps, in France 2 kilometres away from Italy.
| Col de Montgenèvre | |
|---|---|
 The obelisk celebrating Napoleon Bonaparte was erected in September 1804, two months before the First Consul had himself promoted and crowned as emperor. | |
| Elevation | 1,860 m (6,102 ft) |
| Traversed by | Route nationale 94 (France) |
| Location | Hautes-Alpes, France |
| Range | Cottian Alps |
| Coordinates | 44°55′51″N 6°43′24″E / 44.93083°N 6.72333°E |
  Col de Montgenèvre Location of Col de Montgenèvre | |
Description
editThe pass takes its name from the village Montgenèvre (Hautes-Alpes), which lies in the vicinity. It links Briançon in the upper Durance valley with the Susa Valley and its communes of Cesana Torinese and Susa in the Metropolitan City of Turin, Piedmont.
The Col de Montgenèvre is an important road connection, and is kept open in winter. Its importance has always lain in the fact that it is the lowest of the principal crossings of the main range of the Alps between France and Italy.
History
editIt was known to the Romans before 118 BC, when Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus started construction of the Via Domitia road, which terminated at the pass.[1] Roman General Pompey used it on his campaign to Spain in 77 BC and claimed to have opened up a more favorable route. It was later used by Julius Caesar in travelling to Gaul and then became the main route for travel between Roman Italy and southern Gaul or Spain.
The Col de Montgenèvre is considered a possible route for Hannibal's famous passage through the Alps on his journey from the Rhône river valley to Italy.[2]
Through this pass, Charles VIII of France led his army in September 1494 on his way to capture the Kingdom of Naples, which would spark 65 years of intermittent warfare up and down the Italian Peninsula, later known as the Italian Wars.[3]
The strategic importance of the pass, the lowest over this part of the Alps, caused several forts to be built, such as Briançon and Fort Janus.
Tour de France
editThe Col de Montgenèvre has appeared on the Tour de France 10 times.:[4]
Tour de France Stage Finish
edit| Year | Stage | Start of stage | Distance (km) | Category | Stage winner | Leader in general classification |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1976 | 10 | Le Bourg-d'Oisans | 166 | 1 |  Joop Zoetemelk (NED)
|
 Lucien Van Impe (BEL)
|
Other Appearances in the Tour de France
edit| Year | Stage | Category | Start | Finish | Leader at the Summit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1949 | 17 | 3 | Briançon | Aosta |  Gino Bartali (ITA)
|
| 1952 | 11 | 3 | Le Bourg-d'Oisans | Sestrières | Fausto Coppi (ITA)
|
| 1956 | 17 | 2 | Turin | Gap |  Valentin Huot (FRA)
|
| 1966 | 17 | 2 | Briançon | Turin |  Julio Jiménez (ESP)
|
| 1992 | 14 | 2 | Sestrières | Alpe d'Huez | Richard Virenque (FRA)
|
| 1996 | 9 | 2 | Le Monêtier-les-Bains | Sestrières | Richard Virenque (FRA)
|
| 1996 | 10 | 1 | Turin | Gap |  Bjarne Riis (DEN)
|
| 1999 | 9 | 2 | Le Grand-Bornand | Sestrières | Richard Virenque (FRA)
|
| 2011 | 17 | 2 | Gap | Pinerolo | Sylvain Chavanel (FRA)
|
| 2024 | 4 | 2 | Pinerolo | Valloire |  Stephen Williams (GBR)
|
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Cicero, pro Font. 8
- ^ Hannibal's War: A Military History of the Second Punic War, p. 182,John Francis Lazenby University of Oklahoma Press, 1998
- ^ Francesco Guicciardini, Storia d'Italia, Book 1 chapter 9.
- ^ "Montgenèvre dans le Tour de France". www.ledicodutour.com (in French). Retrieved 2022-07-25.