Charlotte Garrigue Masaryk (Czech: Charlotta Garrigue-Masaryková; née Garrigue; 20 November 1850 – 13 May 1923) was the American-born wife of the Czechoslovak philosopher, sociologist, and politician, Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, the first President of Czechoslovakia.
Charlotte Garrigue | |
|---|---|
 | |
| First Lady of Czechoslovakia | |
| In office 14 November 1918 – 13 May 1923 | |
| Preceded by | Position established |
| Succeeded by | Hana Benešová |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 20 November 1850 New York, U. S. |
| Died | 13 May 1923 (aged 72) Lány, Czechoslovakia |
| Political party | Czech Social Democratic Party |
| Spouse(s) | Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk (1878–1923) |
| Children | 5 including Jan Masaryk |
Background
editGarrigue was born in Brooklyn to a Unitarian family with Huguenot ancestry on her father's side and Mayflower passengers[1] on her mother's.[2] She was a niece of Henry Jacques Garrigues and a great-granddaughter of Christian Vilhelm Duntzfelt.[3][4]
Career
editIn 1877, visiting a friend studying at a conservatory in Leipzig, Germany, she first met her future husband, Tomáš Masaryk, who was staying there after having earned his doctorate at the University of Vienna. They married a year later in the United States, after which they settled in Vienna.[5] After the wedding, her husband added her surname into his name, thus becoming Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, as he is remembered in the Czech Republic and Slovakia (or often by the abbreviation TGM). In 1881, the Masaryks moved to Prague, where Tomáš obtained a professorship at the University of Prague.
In the era before the First World War, Mrs. Masaryk became involved in many social, humanitarian, and cultural activities of Prague society. She joined the Social Democratic Party; however, she (in agreement with her husband) rejected the Marxist doctrine of the class struggle. For Garrigue, ‘the woman question’ was part of ‘the social question.’ Together with Karla Máchová, she organized a lecture series for women on socialism and advocated equality for women.[2]
After the outbreak of the First World War, her husband left for exile with their daughter Olga to seek international support for the independence of the nations of the Austrian-Hungarian monarchy, notably the Czechs and Slovaks. For the majority of the war, Mrs. Masaryk was under police supervision, while daughter Alice was even under arrest. The situation became even worse when son Herbert died of typhus in 1915.[6] All of these hardships caused Charlotte Masaryk to suffer from depression and cardiac problems.
In December 1918, Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk returned to Prague as the President of Czechoslovakia. The family began living at the Prague Castle, often spending time at the chateau of Lány.
Personal life and death
edit
Garrigue married Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, future president of a newly independent Czechoslovakia. Of the couple's five children, four reached adulthood - Alice, Herbert, Olga, and Jan, who later became a noted Czechoslovak diplomat and politician (Foreign Minister).
Mrs. Masaryk died in 1923, her husband in 1937. They are buried in a plot at Lány cemetery, where later also the remains of their children Jan and Alice were laid to rest.
References
edit- ^ SLIVOVA, Lenka (2018). Charlotta, the wife of T. G. M. (1 ed.). Prague: Mlada fronta. p. 296. ISBN 978-80-204-5023-4.
- ^ a b Francisca de Haan; Krasimira Daskalova; Anna Loutfi (2006). Biographical Dictionary of Women's Movements and Feminisms in Central, Eastern, and South Eastern Europe: 19th and 20th Centuries. Central European University Press. pp. 306–308. ISBN 978-963-7326-39-4. Retrieved 2013-08-07.
- ^ Bricka, Carl Frederik. "575 (Dansk biografisk Lexikon / V. Bind. Faaborg - Gersdorff)". runeberg.org.
- ^ "Miscellanea Genealogiae: Genealogia Masarykiana". genealogie.sweb.cz.
- ^ Richard C. Frucht (2005). Eastern Europe: An Introduction to the People, Lands, and Culture. ABC-CLIO. pp. 227–. ISBN 978-1-57607-800-6. Retrieved 2013-08-07.
He also exposed a forgery in 1909–1910 designed to justify the strong anti-Serb policy of Austro-Hungarian foreign minister Count Lexa von Aehrenthal. In 1878 Masaryk married the American-born Charlotte Garrigue (1850–1923), whose ...
- ^ PRECLÍK, Vratislav. Masaryk a legie (TGM and legions), váz. kniha, 219 pages, first issue - vydalo nakladatelství Paris Karviná, Žižkova 2379 (734 01 Karviná) ve spolupráci s Masarykovým demokratickým hnutím (Masaryk democratic movement in Prague), 2019, ISBN 978-80-87173-47-3