Charles Stewart, 3rd Duke of Richmond KG (7 March 1639 – December 1672) was an English peer who was the fourth cousin of Charles II of England, being both descended in the male line from John Stewart, 3rd Earl of Lennox.[1][2]
The Duke of Richmond | |
|---|---|
 A portrait by Sir Peter Lely | |
| Lord Lieutenant of Kent | |
| In office 1668–1672 | |
| Preceded by | The Earl of Winchilsea The Earl of Southampton |
| Succeeded by | The Earl of Winchilsea |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 7 March 1639 England |
| Died | December 1672 (aged 33) Helsingør, Denmark-Norway |
| Spouses | Elizabeth Rogers
(m. 1659, died)Margaret Banaster Lewis
(m. 1662; died 1666) |
| Parent(s) | George Stewart, 9th Seigneur d'Aubigny Lady Katherine Howard |
| Relatives | Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of Suffolk (grandfather) Esmé Stewart, 3rd Duke of Lennox (grandfather) |
| Residence | Richmond House |
Early life
editHe was the only son and heir of George Stewart, 9th Seigneur d'Aubigny by his wife Lady Katherine Howard, a daughter of Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of Suffolk. He was a grandson of Esmé Stewart, 3rd Duke of Lennox.[3]
Career
editOn 10 December 1645, he was created Baron Stuart of Newbury, Berkshire, and Earl of Lichfield, titles conferred on him "to perpetuate the titles which were intended to have been conferred on his uncle" Lord Bernard Stewart, youngest son of the Duke of Lennox, who had been killed in the Battle of Rowton Heath in the English Civil War in September of that year.[4]
In January 1658, Charles Stewart went into exile in France, and took up his residence in the house of his uncle, Ludovic Stewart, 10th Seigneur d'Aubigny.[2] In the following year he fell under the displeasure of The Protectorate's Council of State, and warrants were issued for seizing his person and goods.[5]
He returned to England with King Charles II in 1660, on the Restoration of the Monarchy and sat in the Convention Parliament, showing great animosity towards the supporters of the Commonwealth.[5] On the death of his 10-year-old cousin Esmé Stewart on 10 August 1660, He succeeded as 3rd Duke of Richmond and 6th Duke of Lennox.[4] In that same year he was created Hereditary Great Chamberlain of Scotland, Hereditary Great Admiral of Scotland, and Lord-Lieutenant of Dorset. On 15 April 1661 he was invested with the Order of the Garter.[5]
Around 1660 he built Richmond House on the site of the bowling green of Henry VIII's Palace of Whitehall.[6] He also owned (and extended) Cobham Hall in the County of Kent.
On the death of his uncle, Ludovic Stuart, he succeeded him as 12th Seigneur D'Aubigny, for which title he did homage by proxy to King Louis XIV of France on 11 May 1670. In July 1667, on the death of his cousin, Mary Butler, countess of Arran, he became Baron Clifton. On 4 May 1668 he was made Lord Lieutenant and Vice Admiral of Kent, jointly with the Earl of Winchilsea,[5] and commanded one of the regiments of Kent Militia[7]
In 1671 he was sent as ambassador to the Danish court to persuade Denmark to join England and France in a projected attack on the Dutch. Whilst there at Elsinore[4][5] in 1672 he died by drowning, aged 33.[8]
Personal life
editCharles Stewart married three times, but had no children. Firstly, after June 1659, to Elizabeth Rogers, and after her death, secondly, on 31 March 1662, to Margaret Banaster, widow of William Lewis, who died in 1666.[3]
His third marriage was in March 1667, to Frances Teresa Stewart (1647–1702), granddaughter of Walter Stewart, 1st Lord Blantyre, known at court as "La Belle Stuart"[9] who had been desired by Richmond's cousin, King Charles II, as a mistress.
Richmond died in December 1672 and was buried in Westminster Abbey on 20 September 1673. As he died without issue, his titles became extinct, with the exception of that of Baron Clifton, which passed with most of his property to his sister Katherine, Lady O'Brien. His wife, however, had been granted the Lennox estates for life.[8] In 1675, the titles Duke of Richmond, Duke of Lennox and Earl of March, were resurrected for Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond and Lennox, the illegitimate son of King Charles II by his mistress Louise de Kérouaille.
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ John Stewart, 3rd Earl of Lennox was the paternal grandfather of Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley, father of King James I of England, grandfather of King Charles II
- ^ a b Callow, John (2004). "Stuart, Charles, sixth duke of Lennox and third duke of Richmond (1639–1672), courtier and ambassador". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/26696. ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8. Retrieved 21 May 2022. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ a b "Lennox, Duke of (S, 1581 - 1672)". cracroftspeerage.co.uk. Heraldic Media Limited. Archived from the original on 8 April 2019. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ a b c Money 1881, pp. 187–188
- ^ a b c d e Dictionary of National Biography, p. 73
- ^ "Richmond Terrace and House". UK Parliament. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
- ^ J.R. Western, The English Militia in the Eighteenth Century: The Story of a Political Issue 1660–1802, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1965, p. 23.
- ^ a b Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 420.
- ^ McNeill, Ronald John (1911). . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 306.
References
edit- Money, Walter (1881). The First and Second Battles of Newbury and the Siege of Donnington Castle During the Civil War, A.D. 1643-6. Simpkin, Marshall and co. Retrieved 1 March 2009.
- . Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.