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Dean and Chapter of Westminster

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The Dean and Chapter of Westminster are the ecclesiastical governing body of Westminster Abbey, a collegiate church of the Church of England and royal peculiar in Westminster, Greater London. They consist of the dean and several canons meeting in chapter and are also (less frequently) known as the Dean and Canons of Westminster.

The Chapter House at Westminster Abbey

Foundation

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The first college of canons was established by letters patent on 17 December 1540 by Henry VIII. Under the Bishop of Westminster of the newly created Diocese of Westminster, there was a dean and 12 canons, six of whom were former monks of the abbey. They survived the dissolution of the diocese in 1550, becoming a second cathedral of the Diocese of London until 1556 when the college was dissolved by Mary I. The second college of canons was established on 21 May 1560 by Elizabeth I, this time as a royal peculiar.[1] From 16 November 1645 the dean and canons were dispersed, and a committee of the Lords and Commons from the Long Parliament governed. The dean and canons were restored on the Restoration in 1660.

Current chapter

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As of 29 September 2022:[2]

Dean of Westminster
David Hoyle Dean of Westminster (since 16 November 2019)
Canons Residentiary of Westminster
David Stanton
  • Canon Residentiary (since 5 October 2013 installation)[3]
  • Sub-Dean (since before 21 October 2018)[4]
  • Canon Treasurer (since 2013)
Anthony Ball
  • Canon Residentiary (since 10 September 2016 installation)[5]
  • Rector of St Margaret's (since 2020)
Jamie Hawkey
  • Canon Residentiary (since 19 January 2019 installation)[6]
  • Canon Theologian (since installation)
  • Almoner (since before 31 May 2021)[7]
Tricia Hillas
Minor Canons[NB 1]
Mark Birch
  • Minor Canon (since January 2015 installation)[10]
  • Precentor (since 1 April 2020)[7]
  • Sacrist (2017–2020)
  • Chaplain (installation–2017)
Robert Latham Minor Canon and Sacrist (since 19 September 2021)[11]
Helena Bickley-Percival Minor Canon and Chaplain (from 23 April 2024)[12]
Receiver General[NB 2]
Paul Baumann Receiver General and Chapter Clerk
(since 24 November 2018 installation)[13]
  1. ^ The Minor Canons do not form part of the Chapter, but are nonetheless full-time clergy of the abbey.
  2. ^ The Receiver General is a lay member of the abbey, and the clerk to the Dean and Chapter.

Roles within the chapter

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See also: Dean of Westminster

Today, the roles divided between the canons residentiary generally include: the sub-dean, who is second to the dean; the canon treasurer; the canon steward, who is responsible for the welcoming of visitors; canon theologian; the canon almoner; the Archdeacon of Westminster; and the rector of St Margaret's. Between and among the chapter of canons, roles can be and are reshuffled as desired. The minor canons are the precentor, the sacrist and, since 2016, the Abbey chaplain (not to be confused with the Speaker's Chaplain). Historically, other roles have included the Chaplain to the Speaker of the House of Commons ("Speaker's Chaplain" or "Chaplain to the Commons"), the Headmaster of Westminster School and the rector of St John's, Smith Square (also called St John the Evangelist, Westminster.)

List of canons

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First foundation (cathedral, 1540–1556)

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The first a canon of each stall was appointed by Henry VIII in the foundation charter dated 17 December 1540.[14] Eight canons were deprived of their prebends by Mary I on 30 March 1554 and one resigned shortly after; only three remained in post. (See also: Marian exiles.)

The first secular chapter was abolished on 26 September 1556.

Second Foundation (Royal Peculiar, 1560–1660)

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Twelve canons were appointed (or re-appointed) by Elizabeth I at the refoundation of the secular chapter, 21 May 1560.[15]

Second Foundation (Royal Peculiar, since 1660)

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The prebendaries admitted since the Restoration in 1660 have had no fixed stalls to their prebends, but upon any vacancy the new prebendary was installed in the lowest stall on the side where the vacancy happened, and not in the stall of him who died, or was promoted.[16] Since all but four (5th, 6th, 8th & 11th) prebends were vacant before 1660, it is not possible to assert that any particular succession of canons relates to any previous prebend except for those four.

A prebend at Westminster was highly sought after by the ecclesiastical establishment. The value of the prebend helped to enrich the salaries of some of the poorer bishops, who retained their prebends at Westminster whilst in office. Other distinguishing features of the Westminster chapter were the close links with Westminster School – thirteen headmasters were canons – and eleven members of the peerage or baronetage were members of the chapter at various times.

The Ecclesiastical Commissioners reports in 1835 and 1836 (as enacted in the statute 3 & 4 Queen Victoria c. 113) called for a reduction in the number of canons from twelve to six. Two of the remaining prebends were united with the rectories of St Margaret's, Westminster and St John's, Smith Square (which had already been held by a canon of no particular prebend for quite some time). The number of prebends was reduced further from six to five in 1890 on the resignation of Brooke Foss Westcott and from five to four in 1941 on the resignation of Russell Barry (rector of St John's).

Canons are listed here by succession, rather than by chronological order of appointment.

Notes

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  1. ^ Tremlett was appointed Sub-Dean and Archdeacon between 6 July[98] and 3 August 2014.[99]

References

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  1. ^ Knighton, C. S. & Mortimer, Richard. Westminster Abbey reformed: 1540–1640
  2. ^ "Abbey clergy". Westminster Abbey. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
  3. ^ Westminster Abbey – David Stanton installed as a canon (Accessed 21 July 2014)
  4. ^ "Sermon at the Sung Eucharist on the Twenty-first Sunday after Trinity 2018".
  5. ^ a b Westminster Abbey — New Canon Steward Appointed (Accessed 11 September 2016)
  6. ^ a b c "Services & times".
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i "2020 Report (page 46)" (PDF). Westminster Abbey. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 November 2021. Retrieved 29 September 2022.
  8. ^ a b "Speaker's Chaplain installed as Canon of Westminster". Westminster Abbey. 10 May 2021. Archived from the original on 11 May 2021. Retrieved 29 September 2022.
  9. ^ a b "Tricia Hillas inaugurated as Speaker's Chaplain". Westminster Abbey. 4 March 2020. Archived from the original on 27 September 2020. Retrieved 29 September 2022.
  10. ^ Westminster Abbey – Mark Birch — Minor Canon and Sacrist (Accessed 20 October 2016)
  11. ^ "Order of Service: Evensong with installation of Sacrist and admission of Choristers". Westminster Abbey. 19 September 2021. Archived from the original on 29 September 2022. Retrieved 29 September 2022.
  12. ^ https://www.westminster-abbey.org/order-of-service?id=13366 [bare URL]
  13. ^ "Paul Baumann appointed Receiver General".
  14. ^ Letters and Paper, Foreign and Domestic, King Henry VIII XVI no. 379 (30)
  15. ^ Calendar of Papal Registers relating to Great Britain and Ireland 1558–60
  16. ^ Biographical Illustrations of Westminster Abbey. Whittaker. 1843 p283
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  32. ^ "Semper, Colin (Douglas)". Who's Who. Vol. 2014 (December 2013 online ed.). A & C Black. Retrieved 24 July 2014. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
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  38. ^ Australian Dictionary of Biography – Barry, Alfred (1826–1910) (Accessed 24 July 2014)
  39. ^ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography – Westcott, Brooke Foss (1825–1901) (Accessed 24 July 2014)
  40. ^ Westcott, Arthur (1903). Life and Letters of Brooke Foss Westcott. Vol. II. p. 98. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
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  47. ^ "No. 33126". The London Gazette. 22 January 1926. p. 534.
  48. ^ "No. 33139". The London Gazette. 5 March 1926. p. 1643.
  49. ^ "No. 33923". The London Gazette. 21 March 1933. p. 1958.
  50. ^ "No. 33943". The London Gazette. 26 May 1933. p. 3544.
  51. ^ "No. 35283". The London Gazette. 23 September 1941. p. 5515.
  52. ^ "No. 39075". The London Gazette. 24 November 1950. p. 5890.
  53. ^ "No. 22909". The London Gazette. 8 November 1864. p. 5265.
  54. ^ "No. 7903". The Edinburgh Gazette. 17 November 1868. p. 1389.
  55. ^ "No. 25040". The London Gazette. 22 November 1881. p. 5713.
  56. ^ "No. 26485". The London Gazette. 16 February 1894. p. 1005.
  57. ^ "No. 27228". The London Gazette. 11 September 1900. p. 5616.
  58. ^ a b "Robinson, Joseph Armitage". Who's Who & Who Was Who. Vol. 1920–2008 (December 2007 online ed.). A & C Black. Retrieved 23 April 2013. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  59. ^ "No. 27487". The London Gazette. 24 October 1902. p. 6734.
  60. ^ "No. 28562". The London Gazette. 15 December 1911. p. 9444.
  61. ^ "Beeching, Henry Charles". Who's Who & Who Was Who. Vol. 1920–2014 (April 2014 online ed.). A & C Black. Retrieved 24 July 2014. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  62. ^ "No. 28564". The London Gazette. 22 December 1911. p. 9679.
  63. ^ "No. 31131". The London Gazette. 17 January 1919. p. 904.
  64. ^ "Pearce, Ernest Harold". Who's Who & Who Was Who. Vol. 1920–2014 (April 2014 online ed.). A & C Black. Retrieved 24 July 2014. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  65. ^ "No. 31427". The London Gazette. 1 July 1919. p. 8221.
  66. ^ "Temple, William". Who's Who & Who Was Who. Vol. 1920–2014 (April 2014 online ed.). A & C Black. Retrieved 24 July 2014. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  67. ^ "No. 32209". The London Gazette. 28 January 1921. p. 778.
  68. ^ "No. 34382". The London Gazette. 23 March 1937. p. 1910.
  69. ^ "Marriott, Stephen Jack". Who's Who & Who Was Who. Vol. 1920–2014 (April 2014 online ed.). A & C Black. Retrieved 24 July 2014. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  70. ^ "No. 42985". The London Gazette (Supplement). 3 May 1963. p. 3835.
  71. ^ "No. 46082". The London Gazette. 20 September 1973. p. 11205.
  72. ^ "No. 48765". The London Gazette. 15 October 1981. p. 13039.
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  79. ^ Westminster Abbey — Annual Review 2016 (Accessed 1 September 2017)
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  81. ^ Westminster Abbey — Hawkey appointed New Canon Theologian (Accessed 23 June 2018)
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  96. ^ a b Westminster Abbey — Sinclair appointed Rector of St Margaret's (Accessed 23 February 2016)
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  99. ^ Sermons given – 3 August 2014 (Accessed 18 August 2014)
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  108. ^ "Storr, Canon Vernon Faithfull". Who's Who & Who Was Who. Vol. 1920–2014 (April 2014 online ed.). A & C Black. Retrieved 24 July 2014. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  109. ^ "Don, Alan Campbell". Who's Who & Who Was Who. Vol. 1920–2014 (April 2014 online ed.). A & C Black. Retrieved 24 July 2014. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
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Sources

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