The Café de Paris was a nightclub in the West End of London, active from 1924–41 and 1948–2020. It was located on Coventry Street, which runs between Leicester Square and Piccadilly Circus.
 The club's entrance in September 2013 | |
 | |
| Address | 3–4 Coventry Street London England |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 51°30′38″N 0°07′55″W / 51.5105°N 0.1319°W |
| Type | Nightclub |
| Capacity | 700 |
| Construction | |
| Opened | 1924 |
| Reopened | 1948 |
| Website | |
| web | |
In the 1930s it became one of the leading theatre clubs in London. In 1941, during The Blitz bombing campaign of the Second World War, the club was hit by a German bomb. The explosion killed at least 34 people, injured at least 80, and caused extensive damage to the building. The club remained closed until 1948, when it reopened.
The club regained its popularity in the 1950s and operated successfully for decades. It closed permanently in December 2020, due to the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom.[1] The venue was re-opened in February 2023 under a new name, Lío London.
History
editCafé de Paris first opened in 1924 and subsequently featured such performers as Dorothy Dandridge, Marlene Dietrich, Harry Gold, Harry Roy, Ken Snakehips Johnson and Maxine Cooper Gomberg.[2] Louise Brooks made history when she worked there in December 1924, introducing the Charleston to London.[3]
Much of the early success of the Café de Paris was due to the visit of the then Prince of Wales who became a regular guest, often dining with notables from high society across Europe.[4] Cole Porter was a regular, as was Aga Khan III.[5]
Second World War
editOn the outbreak of the Second World War, the venue lowered its entry prices. It became less socially exclusive and attracted a more mixed clientele, including many members of the armed forces on leave.[6]
On 8 March 1941, soon after the start of a performance, a 50-kilogram (110 lb) bomb fell down a ventilation shaft into the basement ballroom and exploded in front of the stage.[6] At least 34 people were killed and around 80 injured.[6][7] The victims included the 26-year-old bandleader Ken "Snakehips" Johnson,[8] his saxophonist Dave "Baba" Williams,[9][10] other band members, staff and diners.[6]
Confusion caused by bombing related chaos in the West End that night delayed ambulances and rescue services reaching the basement area of the explosion for up to half an hour. Immediate aid came from doctors and nurses who were amongst the guests at the Café de Paris. Reportedly several looters made their way into the blacked-out ballroom area and took jewellery from the dead and injured.[11]
Post-war
editThe venue did not reopen until 1948[4] but re-established itself as one of the leading theatre clubs in London, playing host to Judy Garland, Josephine Baker, Frank Sinatra, Ava Gardner, Humphrey Bogart, Lauren Bacall, James Mason, David O. Selznick, Jennifer Jones, Tony Hancock and Grace Kelly. In the 1950s Noël Coward often performed cabaret seasons there[4] as did Marlene Dietrich.[citation needed]
In the mid-1980s, the Cafe de Paris was the venue for the regular Les nuits du Mercredi, conceptualised by Anne Pigalle around her French take on cabaret and run by Nick Fry. Among the many personalities attending were David Bowie, Andy Warhol, Tina Turner, Mickey Rourke, George Michael, Steve Strange.[citation needed]
Later on, it was a location used in films including Absolute Beginners and The Krays.[5]
21st century
editBrian Stein and his Maxwell's Restaurants Group purchased the venue in 2002.[12]
It was used in the 2006 music video for "I Think We're Alone Now" by Girls Aloud. Today the venue is used regularly for film location, and has been used for scenes in The Queen's Sister (based on the life of Princess Margaret) and in The Edge of Love (based on the life of Dylan Thomas).[5]
The Café de Paris, which hosted regular cabaret shows on Friday and Saturday nights, had a dress code for its club and dining room, which stated:[13]
More smart than casual. No trainers or sportswear. Smart jeans are fine. No fancy dress or any other paraphernalia for hen parties. Vintage/Burlesque/cabaret attire is encouraged.
In December 2020, the venue's parent company Maxwell's Restaurant Group went into liquidation, reporting that they had been impacted by restrictions of the Covid-19 pandemic.[14] In November 2022, it was reported that the venue would reopen in February 2023 under the ownership of the Pacha Group and renamed Lío London.[15]
In media
editLiterature
editThe 1941 bombing is described in a chapter of The Attenbury Emeralds by Jill Paton Walsh. The bombing and its aftermath have a considerable bearing on the investigation carried out by Lord Peter Wimsey in that book.
The café, and the bombing, are major plot devices in the 2011 novel Moon Over Soho by Ben Aaronovitch.
Disguised as the Café Madrid, this event is also featured in a scene in The Soldier's Art, Anthony Powell's eighth novel in his A Dance to the Music of Time series, on which several of the characters in the series are killed when "a bomb hit the Madrid full pitch."[16]
There is a passing reference to the air-raid in Barbara Pym's A Few Green Leaves.[citation needed]
The bombing features in AJ Pearce's novel Dear Mrs Bird (2018); in Kate Quinn's 2021 novel The Rose Code; and in the novel The Whalebone Theatre by Joanna Quinn, resulting in the death of one of the characters.
Music
editDuring the war, the British composer Vaughan Williams had been writing his 6th Symphony, which premiered in 1948. The deaths of the band members moved him to incorporate elements of jazz, including a saxophone solo in the Scherzo movement.[17] This influence was noted by the conductor Malcolm Sargent who took the symphony on its initial tour around the world.[18]
Television and film
editThe Café de Paris and its 1941 bombing are discussed in the episode "Safest Spot in Town" in the BBC 4's Queers, a series of monologues in response to the fiftieth anniversary of the Sexual Offences Act 1967 and are mentioned in the novel Transcription by Kate Atkinson.
The café features in the Edgar Wright film Last Night in Soho.
There is also a passing reference to the cafe in the 5th episode of the 6th season of Downton Abbey.
The cafe was used as the strip club back drop in the 1990 comedy film King Ralph starring John Goodman and Peter O'Toole.
A sequence where a nightclub is bombed and the dead subsequently looted in Steve McQueen's 2024 film Blitz is clearly based on the Café de Paris incident (indeed Jonah Coombes, the film's Supervising Location Manager, refers to it as the Café de Paris,[19] and Ken "Snakehips" Johnson is included in the character/cast list), though the nightclub is not named and the film is set in 1940.
Theatre
editThe Café de Paris is a main plot point in Matthew Bourne's production of Cinderella set during WW2 in London. It is the location of the main ball/party at the heart of the fairy tale. Act 2 begins with the cafe having just been bombed, destroyed and full of dead bodies. Then an Angel (the fairy Godmother equivalent) reverses time and brings the cafe fully to life.[20]
References
edit- ^ "Café de Paris: London nightclub closes permanently". BBC News. 21 December 2020. Archived from the original on 10 September 2024. Retrieved 22 December 2020.
- ^ "Maxine Cooper". The Daily Telegraph. 20 April 2009. Archived from the original on 24 June 2018. Retrieved 22 April 2009.
- ^ "cafe in London". Kula Cafe London. Archived from the original on 10 September 2024. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
- ^ a b c Cafe de Paris Archived 26 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine Shady Old Lady's Guide To London. Retrieved 6 February 2011
- ^ a b c Brown, Jonathan (13 March 2008). "Film-makers resurrect love affair with the Cafe de Paris". The Independent. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
- ^ a b c d Janes, Andrew (8 March 2013). "The bombing of the Café de Paris, Records and research". Government of the United Kingdom. Archived from the original on 18 March 2017. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
- ^ Bergman, Camilla (18 August 2010). "Ken "Snakehips" Johnson". westendatwar.org. Archived from the original on 20 April 2017. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
- ^ "CWGC Casualty Record". Archived from the original on 17 October 2014. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
- ^ Thomas, Ian (18 August 2015). "Black History Month – Black British Swing: Caribbean Contribution to British Jazz in the 1930s and 1940s". blackhistorymonth.org.uk. Archived from the original on 1 July 2015. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
- ^ "DAVID RONALD WILLIAMS". Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Archived from the original on 10 September 2024. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
- ^ pages 321 & 326 "The Blitz: the Story of the Blitz of London". Constantine Fitzgibbon 1957
- ^ Sherwood, James (15 March 2016). James Sherwood's Discriminating Guide to London. Thames & Hudson. ISBN 9780500773130. Archived from the original on 10 September 2024. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
- ^ "Café De Paris". Café De Paris. Archived from the original on 29 September 2017. Retrieved 2 July 2017.
- ^ Ellis, David (21 December 2020). "Café de Paris, once host to Frank Sinatra, to close after 96 years". Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 10 September 2024. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
- ^ "Pacha Group to revive Café de Paris as Lío London". bighospitality.co.uk. 2 November 2022. Archived from the original on 10 September 2024. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
- ^ White, Jerry (2008). London in the Twentieth Century: A City and its People. London: Vintage. ISBN 978-1-84595-126-9.
- ^ Adams, Byron; Grimley, Daniel M. (5 August 2023). Vaughan Williams and His World. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-83045-2. Archived from the original on 10 September 2024. Retrieved 8 March 2024.
- ^ Heffer, Simon (19 June 2014). Vaughan Williams. Faber & Faber. ISBN 978-0-571-31548-2. Archived from the original on 10 September 2024. Retrieved 8 March 2024.
- ^ "The Making of Steve McQueen's Blitz". Film London. Retrieved 19 November 2024.
- ^ "'Cinderella': Theater Review". The Hollywood Reporter. 7 February 2019. Archived from the original on 24 February 2019. Retrieved 24 February 2019.
External links
edit
- Cafe de Paris official website Archived 12 March 2010 at the Wayback Machine