Muhlenbergia is a genus of plants in the grass family.[4][2][5][6]
| Muhlenbergia | |
|---|---|
| |
| Muhlenbergia rigens | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Clade: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Poaceae |
| Subfamily: | Chloridoideae |
| Tribe: | Cynodonteae |
| Subtribe: | Muhlenbergiinae |
| Genus: | Muhlenbergia Schreb. |
| Type species | |
| Muhlenbergia schreberi | |
| Synonyms[3] | |
| |
The genus is named in honor of the German-American amateur botanist Gotthilf Heinrich Ernst Muhlenberg (1753-1815).[7] Many of the species are known by the common name muhly. The greatest number are native to the southwestern United States and Mexico, but there are also native species in Canada, Central and South America and in Asia.[7][8][9][10]
Species
editSpecies in the genus include:[11][12][13]
- Muhlenbergia aguascalientensis Y.Herrera & De la Cerda - Aguascalientes
- Muhlenbergia alamosae Vasey - Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Sonora, Sinaloa, Durango, Baja California, Baja California Sur, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Mexico State, Morelos, Zacatecas
- Muhlenbergia alopecuroides (Griseb.) P.M.Peterson & Columbus – southwestern US, northern Mexico, northern Argentina
- Muhlenbergia andina (Nutt.) Hitchc. – Foxtail muhly - western Canada, western United States
- Muhlenbergia angustata (J.Presl) Kunth - South America
- Muhlenbergia annua (Vasey) Swallen - Chihuahua, Sonora, Chiapas, Durango
- Muhlenbergia appressa C.O.Goodd. – Devil's Canyon muhly - United States (California Arizona), Baja California, Baja California Sur
- Muhlenbergia arenacea (Buckley) Hitchc. - United States (Colorado New Mexico Texas Arizona), Chihuahua, Sonora, Coahuila, San Luis Potosí, Zacatecas
- Muhlenbergia arenicola Buckley - United States (Arizona New Mexico Texas Oklahoma Kansas Colorado), Mexico, Argentina
- Muhlenbergia argentea Vasey - Mexico
- Muhlenbergia arizonica Scribn. United States (New Mexico Arizona), Mexico
- Muhlenbergia arsenei Hitchc. - United States (California Nevada Utah Arizona New Mexico), Mexico
- Muhlenbergia articulata Scribn. - Mexico
- Muhlenbergia asperifolia (Nees & Meyen ex Trin.) Parodi – Scratchgrass - from Canada to Chile
- Muhlenbergia atacamensis Parodi - Argentina, Bolivia
- Muhlenbergia aurea Swallen - Guatemala
- Muhlenbergia biloba Hitchc. - Mexico
- Muhlenbergia brandegeei C.Reeder - Baja California
- Muhlenbergia breviaristata (Hack.) Parodi - Argentina
- Muhlenbergia breviculmis Swallen - Guatemala
- Muhlenbergia brevifolia Scribn. ex Beal - Mexico
- Muhlenbergia breviligula Hitchc. - southern Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua
- Muhlenbergia brevis Goodd. - United States (Arizona New Mexico Texas Colorado), Mexico
- Muhlenbergia breviseta E.Fourn. - Mexico
- Muhlenbergia brevivaginata Swallen - Mexico
- Muhlenbergia bushii R.W.Pohl - central eastern United States
- Muhlenbergia californica Vasey – California muhly - California (San Bernardino, Riverside, Los Angeles Counties)
- Muhlenbergia capillaris – Hairawn muhly - United States (from Texas to Massachusetts; Mexico, Guatemala, Bahamas, Cuba, Puerto Rico[14]
- Muhlenbergia capillipes (M.E.Jones) P.M.Peterson & Annable - northeastern Mexico
- Muhlenbergia caxamarcensis Laegaard & Sánchez Vega - Peru
- Muhlenbergia ciliata (Kunth) Kunth - from central Mexico to northwestern Argentina
- Muhlenbergia crispiseta Hitchc. - western Texas, northern Mexico
- Muhlenbergia cualensis Y.Herrera & P.M.Peterson - southern Mexico
- Muhlenbergia curtifolia Scribn. - Arizona Nevada Utah Wyoming
- Muhlenbergia curtisetosa (Scribn.) Bush - from Ontario to Texas
- Muhlenbergia curviaristata (Ohwi) Ohwi - Japan, Manchuria, Kuril Islands
- Muhlenbergia cuspidata (Torr. ex Hook.) Rydb. – Plains muhly - from Alberta to Virginia
- Muhlenbergia decumbens Swallen - central Mexico
- Muhlenbergia depauperata Scribn. - United States (Arizona New Mexico Colorado Utah Texas), northeastern Mexico
- Muhlenbergia distichophylla (J.Presl) Kunth - Mexico, Guatemala
- Muhlenbergia diversiglumis Trin. - from northern Mexico to Peru
- Muhlenbergia dubia E.Fourn. - Arizona New Mexico Texas, Mexico
- Muhlenbergia dumosa – Bamboo muhly - Mexico, Arizona
- Muhlenbergia durangensis Y.Herrera - Durango
- Muhlenbergia duthieana Hack. - Pakistan, Nepal, Kashmir, Himanchal Pradesh, Uttaranchal
- Muhlenbergia elongata Scribn. ex Beal - Arizona (Pima Santa Cruz Counties), northern Mexico
- Muhlenbergia eludens C.Reeder - United States (Arizona New Mexico Texas), northern Mexico
- Muhlenbergia emersleyi Vasey – Bullgrass - United States (Arizona Nevada New Mexico Texas North Carolina), Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras
- Muhlenbergia eriophylla Swallen - Mexico
- Muhlenbergia expansa – Cutover muhly - United States (Texas Oklahoma Louisiana Mississippi Alabama Georgia Florida South Carolina North Carolina Virginia Massachusetts)
- Muhlenbergia fastigiata (J.Presl) Henrard - Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, Chile, Argentina
- Muhlenbergia filiculmis Vasey - United States (Arizona New Mexico Utah Colorado Wyoming North Dakota)
- Muhlenbergia filiformis (Thurb. ex S.Watson) Rydb. – Pullup muhly - western United States, British Columbia, Sonora, Baja California
- Muhlenbergia flabellata Mez - Costa Rica, Panamá
- Muhlenbergia flavida Vasey - Mexico
- Muhlenbergia flaviseta Scribn. - Mexico
- Muhlenbergia flexuosa Hitchc. - Peru
- Muhlenbergia fragilis Swallen - Mexico, United States (California Nevada Utah Arizona New Mexico Texas)
- Muhlenbergia frondosa (Poir.) Fernald - eastern central United States Canada
- Muhlenbergia gigantea (E.Fourn.) Hitchc. - Mexico
- Muhlenbergia glabriflora Scribn. - south-central United States
- Muhlenbergia glauca (Nees) Mez - Mexico, United States (California Arizona New Mexico Texas)
- Muhlenbergia glomerata (Willd.) Trin. – Marsh muhly, spiked muhly - northern United States, Canada including Yukon NWT
- Muhlenbergia grandis Vasey - Mexico
- Muhlenbergia gypsophila C.Reeder & Reeder - Mexico
- Muhlenbergia hakonensis (Hack.) Makino - China (Sichuan, Anhui), Korea, Japan
- Muhlenbergia himalayensis Hack. ex Hook.f. - Afghanistan, northern Pakistan, Tajikistan, northern eastern India, Tibet, Nepal, Bhutan, Sichuan, Yunnan
- Muhlenbergia hintonii Swallen - Mexico
- Muhlenbergia huegelii Trin. - widespread from Afghanistan to Primorye to New Guinea, including India China
- Muhlenbergia implicata (Kunth) Trin. - Mesoamerica, Colombia, Venezuela
- Muhlenbergia inaequalis Soderstr. - Colombia, Venezuela
- Muhlenbergia involuta Swallen - Texas
- Muhlenbergia iridifolia Soderstr. - Mexico
- Muhlenbergia jaime-hintonii P.M.Peterson & Valdés-Reyna - Mexico
- Muhlenbergia jaliscana Swallen - Mexico
- Muhlenbergia japonica Steud. - China, Japan, Korea, Primorye, Khabarovsk
- Muhlenbergia jonesii (Vasey) Hitchc. - northeastern California
- Muhlenbergia laxa Hitchc. - Veracruz
- Muhlenbergia lehmanniana Henrard - Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela. Ecuador
- Muhlenbergia ligularis (Hack.) Hitchc. - from Costa Rica to Argentina
- Muhlenbergia ligulata (E.Fourn.) Scribn. & Merr. - Mexico
- Muhlenbergia lindheimeri Hitchc. – Lindheimer muhly, big muhly - Texas, Coahuila
- Muhlenbergia longiglumis Vasey - Mexico
- Muhlenbergia longiligula Hitchc. - Mexico, United States (Arizona New Mexico Texas Nevada)
- Muhlenbergia lucida Swallen - Mexico
- Muhlenbergia macroura (Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth) Hitchc. - Mexico, Guatemala
- Muhlenbergia majalcensis P.M.Peterson - Mexico
- Muhlenbergia maxima Laegaard & Sánchez Vega - Peru
- Muhlenbergia mexicana (L.) Trin. – Mexican muhly - United States, Canada incl. Yukon
- Muhlenbergia michisensis Y.Herrera & P.M.Peterson - Mexico
- Muhlenbergia microsperma (District of Columbia.) Kunth – Littleseed muhly - United States (California Arizona Nevada Utah), Mexico, Guatemala, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Galápagos, Bolivia
- Muhlenbergia minutissima (Steud.) Swallen – Annual muhly - United States (Washington Oregon California Idaho Montana Wyoming Nebraska South Dakota Utah Nevada Arizona New Mexico Texas), Mexico, Guatemala
- Muhlenbergia monandra Alegría & Rúgolo - Peru
- Muhlenbergia montana (Nutt.) Hitchc. – Mountain muhly - United States (Montana Wyoming Colorado Utah Nevada Arizona California New Mexico Texas), Mexico
- Muhlenbergia mucronata (Kunth) Trin. - Mexico
- Muhlenbergia multiflora Columbus - western United States
- Muhlenbergia mutica (E.Fourn.) Hitchc. - Mexico
- Muhlenbergia nigra Hitchc. - Mexico, Costa Rica, Guatemala
- Muhlenbergia orophila Swallen - Mexico, Guatemala
- Muhlenbergia palmeri Vasey - Mexico, southern Arizona
- Muhlenbergia palmirensis Grignon & Lægaard - Ecuador
- Muhlenbergia paniculata (Nutt.) P.M.Peterson - central Canada, central western United States, northeastern Mexico, northern Argentina
- Muhlenbergia pauciflora Buckley - United States (Colorado Utah Texas New Mexico Arizona California), Mexico
- Muhlenbergia pectinata Goodd. - Mexico, southern Arizona
- Muhlenbergia peruviana – Peruvian muhly - United States (Arizona New Mexico), Mesoamerica, western South America, Galápagos
- Muhlenbergia pilosa P.M.Peterson, Wipff & S.D.Jones - México State, Guerrero
- Muhlenbergia plumbea (Trin.) Hitchc. - Mexico, Guatemala
- Muhlenbergia polycaulis Scribn. - United States (Utah Texas New Mexico Arizona), Mexico
- Muhlenbergia porteri Scribn. ex Beal – Bush muhly - United States (Colorado Oklahoma Utah Nevada Texas New Mexico Arizona California), Mexico
- Muhlenbergia pubescens (Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth) Hitchc. - Mexico
- Muhlenbergia pubigluma Swallen - Mexico
- Muhlenbergia pungens Thurb. – Sandhill muhly - United States (Nebraska South Dakota Colorado Wyoming Arizona Utah New Mexico Texas)
- Muhlenbergia purpusii Mez - Mexico
- Muhlenbergia quadridentata (Kunth) Trin. - Mexico, Guatemala
- Muhlenbergia racemosa (Michx.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. – Green muhly, marsh muhly
- Muhlenbergia ramosa (Hack.) Makino - Canada, United States, northern Mexico
- Muhlenbergia ramulosa (Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth) Swallen - United States (Arizona New Mexico Colorado), Mesoamerica, Argentina
- Muhlenbergia reederorum Soderstr. - Mexico
- Muhlenbergia repens (J.Presl) Hitchc. - Mexico, United States (Arizona New Mexico Texas Colorado Oklahoma Utah)
- Muhlenbergia reverchonii – Seep muhly - United States (Texas Oklahoma)
- Muhlenbergia richardsonis – Mat muhly - Canada (incl Yukon NWT), United States (Alaska plus northern western states), northern central Mexico
- Muhlenbergia rigens – Deergrass - Mexico, United States (California Nevada Arizona New Mexico Texas)
- Muhlenbergia rigida (Kunth) Kunth - United States (Arizona New Mexico Texas), Mexico, South America (Colombia to Argentina)
- Muhlenbergia robusta (E.Fourn.) Hitchc. - Mexico, Central America
- Muhlenbergia schmitzii Hack. - Mexico
- Muhlenbergia schreberi – Nimblewill - eastern central United States, Ontario, Mexico, Uruguay, southern Brazil, northern Argentina
- Muhlenbergia scoparia Vasey - Mexico
- Muhlenbergia seatonii Scribn. ex Seaton - Mexico
- Muhlenbergia sericea (Michx.) P.M.Peterson United States (Texas Alabama Florida Georgia Louisiana Mississippi North Carolina South Carolina)
- Muhlenbergia setarioides E.Fourn. - Mexico, Central America
- Muhlenbergia setifolia Vasey - United States (Arizona New Mexico Texas), Mexico
- Muhlenbergia sinuosa Swallen - United States (Arizona New Mexico), Mexico
- Muhlenbergia sobolifera (Muhl.) Trin. - eastern central United States, Ontario
- Muhlenbergia spatha Columbus - Mexico
- Muhlenbergia speciosa Vasey - Mexico
- Muhlenbergia spiciformis Trin. - Mexico, Cuba, United States (New Mexico Texas)
- Muhlenbergia straminea Hitchc. - Mexico, United States (New Mexico Arizona Texas)
- Muhlenbergia stricta (J.Presl) Kunth - Mexico
- Muhlenbergia strictior Beal - Mexico
- Muhlenbergia subaristata Swallen - Mexico
- Muhlenbergia subbiflora Hitchc. - Mexico
- Muhlenbergia sylvatica (Torr.) Torr. ex A. Gray – Woodland muhly - eastern central United States, Quebec, Ontario[15]
- Muhlenbergia tarahumara P.M.Peterson & Columbus - Mexico
- Muhlenbergia tenella (Kunth) Trin. - Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Argentina
- Muhlenbergia tenuiflora (Willd.) Britton, Stern & Poggenb. - eastern central United States, Quebec, Ontario
- Muhlenbergia tenuifolia (Kunth) Kunth - United States (Texas New Mexico Arizona Colorado), Mexico, Peru, Argentina
- Muhlenbergia tenuissima (J.Presl) Kunth - Mexico, Central America
- Muhlenbergia texana Buckley - Mexico, United States (Arizona New Mexico Texas)
- Muhlenbergia thurberi (Scribn.) Rydb. - Mexico, United States (Texas New Mexico Arizona Colorado Utah Nevada)
- Muhlenbergia torreyana (Schult.) Hitchc. – New Jersey muhly, Torrey's muhly, Torrey's dropseed - New Jersey New York Delaware Maryland North Carolina Tennessee Georgia
- Muhlenbergia torreyi (Kunth) Hitchc. ex Bush - southwestern United States, Mexico, Argentina
- Muhlenbergia trifida Hack. - Mexico, Guatemala
- Muhlenbergia uniflora (Muhl.) Fernald - Canada, northeastern United States
- Muhlenbergia utilis (Torr.) Hitchc. – Aparejograss - Mexico, United States (California Nevada Arizona New Mexico Texas)
- Muhlenbergia vaginata Swallen - Mexico, Guatemala
- Muhlenbergia venezuelae Luces - Mérida State in Venezuela
- Muhlenbergia versicolor Swallen - Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras
- Muhlenbergia villiflora Hitchc. - Mexico, United States (New Mexico Texas)
- Muhlenbergia virescens (Kunth) Kunth - Mexico
- Muhlenbergia virletii (E.Fourn.) Soderstr. - Mexico
- Muhlenbergia watsoniana Hitchc. - Mexico
- Muhlenbergia wrightii Vasey ex J.M.Coult. - Mexico, United States (Nevada Utah Colorado Arizona New Mexico Texas Texas Kansas)
- Muhlenbergia xanthodas Soderstr. - Chiapas
Numerous species are now considered better suited to other genera, such as Aegopogon, Agrostis, Apera, Arundinella, Brachyelytrum, Calamagrostis, Cinna, Dichelachne, Garnotia, Limnodea, Lycurus, Melinis, Ortachne, Sporobolus, Triniochloa.[11]
References
edit- ^ lectotype designated by Nash in Britton & Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. (ed. 2) 1: 184 (1913)
- ^ a b "Muhlenbergia Schreb.". Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Garden.
- ^ Muhlenbergia Schreb. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2 July 2023.
- ^ Schreber, Johann Christian Daniel von (1789). Genera Plantarum Eorumque Characteres Naturales Secundum Numerum, Figuram, Situm, & Proportionem Omnium Fructificationis Partium. Vol. 1 (8th ed.). p. 44.
- ^ Peterson, P. M. (2000). "Systematics of the Muhlenbergiinae (Chloridoideae: Eragrostideae)". In Jacobs, S. W. L.; Everett, J. (eds.). Grasses: Systematics and Evolution. Melbourne: CSIRO. pp. 195–212. ISBN 9780643090101.
- ^ Peterson, P. M.; Romaschenko, K.; Johnson, G. (2010). "A phylogeny and classification of the Muhlenbergiinae (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae) based on plastid and nuclear DNA sequences". American Journal of Botany. 97 (9): 1532–1554. doi:10.3732/ajb.0900359. PMID 21616906.
- ^ a b Wu, Zhen-lan; Peterson, Paul M. "Muhlenbergia". Flora of China. Vol. 22 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
- ^ Beetle, A.A. (1995). Las Gramíneas de México. Vol. 4. México D.F.: Secretaria de Agricultura y Recursos Hidraulícos, COTECOCA. pp. 1–342.
- ^ Bor, N. L. (1960). The grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India, and Pakistan, excluding Bambuseae. Oxford: Pergamon Press. ASIN B004X2E4EY.
- ^ Giraldo-Cañas, D.; Peterson, P. M. (2009). "El género Muhlenbergia (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae: Muhlenbergiinae) en Colombia". Caldasia. 31 (2): 269–302. JSTOR 23641918.
- ^ a b "Muhlenbergia". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- ^ "Muhlenbergia". County-level distribution maps from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
- ^ "Muhlenbergia Schreb." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2024-06-13.
- ^ NRCS. "Muhlenbergia capillaris". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 2013-01-06.
- ^ NRCS. "Muhlenbergia sylvatica". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 2013-01-06.
External links
edit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Muhlenbergia.
Data related to Muhlenbergia at Wikispecies