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The City of Bombay Improvement Trust (BIT) was created on 9 December 1898, in response to the Bombay plague epidemic of 1896.[1] The plague's threat to Bombay's economy caused the Bombay Chamber of Commerce to approach Governor Lord Sandhurst to ensure “the destruction of insanitary [sic] property and the thorough cleansing of the city and suburbs" after the 1897 International Sanitary Conference in Venice threatened to quarantine ships from Bombay.[2][3][4]
The BIT was modeled on contemporary English and Scottish town-planning institutions and "possessed the authority not only to build housing, but also to demolish slums and widen roads, and improve sanitation, particularly in the “problematic” working-class neighborhoods."[3]
Organisation
editBritish colonial officials constructed the BIT's board to "guarantee the basic framework of property rights."[3] The board was dominated by members favourable to commercial and industrial interests; four members represented the Bombay Municipal Corporation (BMC), and the Bombay Millowners’ Association, the Bombay Chamber of Commerce and Port Trust.[3]
Activities
editThe CIT widened roads in the central, crowded, parts of the town. A new east-west road, the Princess Street, was constructed to channel the sea air into the centre of the crowded residential areas. The north-south Sydenham Road (now Mohammedali Road) was also constructed with this end in view.
The Dadar-Matunga-Wadala-Sion suburban development was started in 1899 with the express purpose of relieving congestion to the south. Well-laid out plots, with mixed land-use patterns marked these sections. Completed in 1900, access to these parts were through the newly completed Mohammedali Road.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Kidambi, Prashant (2007), "Reordering the City: The Bombay Improvement Trust", The Making of an Indian Metropolis, Routledge, doi:10.4324/9781315238500-14/reordering-city-bombay-improvement-trust-prashant-kidambi, ISBN 978-1-315-23850-0, retrieved 11 January 2024
- ^ Daruwala, Rusi J. (1986). , The Bombay Chamber Story—150 Years (1st ed.). Bombay: Bombay Chamber of Commerce & Industry. p. 55.
- ^ a b c d Arnold, Caroline (2012). "The Bombay Improvement Trust, Bombay Millowners and the Debate Over Housing Bombay's Millworkers, 1896-1918". Essays in Economic & Business History. 30: 105–123. ISSN 2376-9459.
- ^ Waine, Vanessa Caru & translated by Oliver (18 November 2022). "Plague and Urban Policy in Bombay, 1896–1914". Metropolitics.
- The Bombay City Improvement Trust {GFDL site}