"Bože pravde" (Serbian: Боже правде, Serbian pronunciation: [bǒʒe prâːʋde]; 'O God of Justice')[6] is the national anthem of Serbia, as defined by the Article 7 of the Constitution of Serbia.[7] "Bože pravde" was adopted in 1882 and had been the national anthem of the Kingdom of Serbia until 1919 when Serbia became a part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.[8] It was re-adopted as the national anthem at first by the parliamentary recommendation in 2004 and then constitutionally sanctioned in 2006, after Serbia restored its independence.[9]
| English: God of Justice | |
|---|---|
 | |
National anthem of Serbia | |
| Also known as | Serbian National Prayer (Srpska nacionalna molitva)[1] |
| Lyrics | Jovan Đorđević, 1872 |
| Music | Davorin Jenko, 1872 |
| Adopted | 1882 1991 (Rep. of Serbian Krajina)[2] 1992 (Republika Srpska)[3] |
| Readopted | 2004 |
| Relinquished | 1919 (partially) 1945 (fully) 1995 (Rep. of Serbian Krajina)[4] 2008 (Republika Srpska)[5] |
| Audio sample | |
U.S. Navy Band instrumental version (two verses) | |
History
edit
Before Serbia had an official national anthem, there were several songs that were unofficial used in this manner. Most popular of these was "Rado ide Srbin u vojnike" also known as "Graničarska pesma" (Granichary Song), which was written in 1844 by Vasa Živković on a melody composed by Nikola Đurković. It was used as a Serbian anthem during the Revolution of 1848.[10]
First initiative to create an official Serbian anthem came from Prince Mihailo in 1865. He hired (through the Ministry of Education) poet Jovan Jovanović Zmaj, to write lyrics, and composer Kornelije Stanković, to compose melody for new anthem.[10] This anthem was created, but was not adopted, and was soon completely forgotten.[11] Although it had no title,[12] the first verse of this anthem was also "Bože pravde".[13]
After the assassination of Prince Mihailo in 1868, Prince Milan came to the throne. In 1872, celebrating his coming of age, he ordered a play from the manager of the National Theater in Belgrade, Jovan Đorđević. Đorđević quickly wrote and presented the play "Markova sablja" (Marko's sword),[14][15] with the aim of glorifying Serbian history and the ruling house of Obrenović. Song "Bože pravde", composed by Davorin Jenko, was part of the play's musical score. Song gained more popularity among the people than the piece itself, and in 1882, on the occasion of Milan's enthronement as Serbian king, Đorđević reworked the text and so his new version became the first official anthem of Serbia.[16][17][10]
In 1903, after the May Coup, the Obrenović dynasty died out and the house of Karađorđević came to the helm of Serbia. A competition for the new anthem was announced. It was won by Aleksa Šantić with a song titled "Bože, na polja zemlje ove" for which he wrote both lyrics and melody, but this new anthem was not officially adopted.[10] Eventually, in 1909, King Peter I decided to make the anthem "Bože pravde" official again, with minor changes to the text.[10]
Various rulers of Serbia changed the words of the anthem to suit them. During the rule of Prince Milan I, the words were knez Milana Bože spasi ('God save Prince Milan'), which was changed to kralj Milana Bože spasi ('God save King Milan'), when Serbia became a kingdom. It was later tailored to Alexander I with the verse kralja Aleksandra Bože spasi ('God save King Alexander'), and Peter I with kralja Petra Bože spasi ('God save King Peter') as well.[18]
During the World War I, in the territories of Serbia occupied by Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria, the performance of the national anthem, as well as the display of the symbols of the Kingdom of Serbia, was prohibited.[citation needed] During the time of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (which later became the Kingdom of Yugoslavia), "Bože pravde" was part of its national anthem. On the eve of the World War II, at the great international gathering of the Music Confederation, held in Paris, this anthem was declared one of the three most beautiful in the world.[16]
"Bože pravde" anthem was officially abandoned and banned after the World War II in 1945, in favour of "Hej, Sloveni" ('Hey, Slavs'), which was the national anthem of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia for 47 years, from 1945 to 1992. After the break-up of Yugoslavia in 1991-1992, only Serbia and Montenegro remained in the federation (i.e. the newly-formed Serbia and Montenegro), but since no agreement over the anthem could be reached, "Hej, Sloveni" remained the national anthem. Many Serbs disliked the song during this period and booed it whenever it was played, such as at sporting events.[19] In 1992, "Vostani Serbije" and "March on the Drina" were proposed as the anthem of Serbia along with "Bоže pravde".[20] "March on the Drina", popularized by then-ruling Socialist Party of Serbia, even received a plurality of popular vote on referendum, but was never officially adopted.[21]
The recommendation on the use of "Bože pravde" was adopted unanimously by the National Assembly in 2004 and constitutionally sanctioned in 2006, after Serbia restored its independence, while the recommended text was promulgated into the law in 2009.[6][9] It utilizes slightly modified original lyrics, asserting that Serbia is no longer a monarchy — all the verses that had a monarchist overtone were changed. In three verses, srpskog kralja ('Serbian king') was changed to srpske zemlje ('Serbian lands'), and the verse srpskog kralja Bože hrani ('God save the Serbian king') was changed to Bože spasi, Bože brani ('God protect, God defend'). In public performances, the verses Bože spasi, Bože hrani ('God protect, God bless') and srpske zemlje, srpski rod ('Serbian lands, Serbian race') are often sung on the repeat as Srbiju nam Bože brani ('Our Serbia, God defend') and moli ti se sаv naš rod ('our whole race prays to you'), respectively.
"Bože pravde" was also used until 2006 as the regional anthem of the Republika Srpska, a constituency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, when it was ruled down by the country's constitutional court for being unconstitutional.[22][23]
Lyrics
editThe full Serbian national anthem as officially defined consists of eight stanzas, but usually only the first two are performed on public occasions for reasons of brevity.[9] The third verse is also usually omitted in full performances.[24]
| Serbian Cyrillic[9] | Serbian Latin | IPA transcription | Poetic English translation[6][25][a] |
|---|---|---|---|
I |
I |
1 |
I |
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ Translated by Elizabeth Christitch, originally published in The Times. Note: this is a free, not literal, translation of the lyrics, also fitting the metre of the original.
- ^ a b In public performances, often sung on the repeat as Srbiju nam, Bože brani/moli ti se sаv naš rod ("Our Serbia, God defend/ Our whole race prays to you")[24][26]
References
edit- ^ "Serbia - Bože pravde". NationalAnthems.me. Archived from the original on 2012-03-26. Retrieved 2011-11-18.
- ^ https://www.alo.rs/vesti/drustvo/802129/znate-li-koja-pesma-je-himna-republike-srpske-krajine-ustav-iz-1991-godine-odredio-knin-kao-glavni-grad/vest
- ^ https://lat.rtrs.tv/vijesti/vijest.php?id=390120
- ^ https://www.alo.rs/vesti/drustvo/802129/znate-li-koja-pesma-je-himna-republike-srpske-krajine-ustav-iz-1991-godine-odredio-knin-kao-glavni-grad/vest
- ^ https://lat.rtrs.tv/vijesti/vijest.php?id=390120
- ^ a b c "National symbols and anthem of the Republic of Serbia". Government of Serbia. Archived from the original on July 20, 2011. Retrieved July 20, 2011.
- ^ Constitution of Serbia Archived 2013-06-16 at the Wayback Machine at the site of the Government of Serbia
- ^ "Pojavila se retka verzija himne "Bože pravde" koja će vas oduševiti, a evo kako je nastala" (in Serbian). 27 December 2018.
- ^ a b c d "Zakon o izgledu i upotrebi grba, zastave i himne Republike Srbije" [Law on the Appearance and Use of the Coat of arms, the Flag and the Anthem of the Republic of Serbia]. Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia – No. 36/2009 (in Serbian). Narodna skupština Republike Srbije – JP "Službeni glasnik". 2009-05-11. Archived from the original on 2009-12-19. Retrieved 2009-06-26.
- ^ a b c d e Kačarević, Dragić (17 January 1971). "ХИМНА И КАКО ЈЕ СТЕЋИ?". Borba: 11–12.
- ^ Minić, Petar (9 June 2020). "Kako je izgubljena prva srpska himna?". 011info (in Serbian). Retrieved 2024-12-06.
- ^ Jovanović, Jovan (20 July 1865). "Народна имна". Danica (20). Novi Sad: 1.
- ^ "Прва српска химна" (PDF). Kalenić (3–4): 2. 1990.
- ^ "Листићи". Pozorište. I (68): 302. 15 August 1872.
- ^ Šumarević, Svetislav (1939). Позориште код Срба [Theater in Serbs] (in Serbian). Belgrade: Luča. p. 400.
- ^ a b Jovanović, Nenad M. (2010). Grbovi, zastave i himne u istoriji Srbije. Belgrade-Cetinje. p. 132.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Софија (2016-03-04). "SVE SRPSKE HIMNE: Svečene pesme koje su izraz patriotskih, nacionalnih i religijskih emocija". Opanak.rs. Retrieved 2021-03-24.
- ^ LJ. M. V. - J. Ž. S. (2006-08-01). "Hej, Bože pravde!". Vecernje novosti (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 2009-01-15. Retrieved 2007-04-17.
- ^ "Serbia-Montenegro a World Cup team without a country". Associated Press. Associated Press. 15 June 2006. Archived from the original on 16 June 2018. Retrieved 15 June 2018.
- ^ Konstantin Babić (2000-11-02). "Zašto Srbija još nema himnu". Vreme. Archived from the original on 2021-01-14. Retrieved 2009-06-09.
- ^ "Svi naši referendumi". Novi Sad: Radio-televizija Vojvodine. 2008-03-06.
- ^ "Press Release". Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina. 2007-01-27. Archived from the original on 2014-01-03.
- ^ "Republika Srpska court upholds complaint about anthem". RFE/RL.
- ^ a b "Аmbasada Republike Srbije u Velikoj Britaniji". www.london.mfa.gov.rs. Retrieved 2022-03-04.
- ^ Petrovitch, Voislav (1915). Serbia, Her People, History and Aspirations. Cosimo, Inc. p. 15. ISBN 978-1-60206-941-1. Retrieved October 14, 2017.
- ^ "Pojavila se retka verzija himne "Bože pravde" koja će vas oduševiti, a evo kako je nastala (VIDEO)". Telegraf.rs (in Serbian). 27 December 2018. Retrieved 2022-03-04.
- ^ "Zakon o izgledu i upotrebi grba, zastave i himne Republike Srbije: 36/2009-3". www.pravno-informacioni-sistem.rs. Retrieved 2022-03-04.
- ^ "Zakon o izgledu i upotrebi grba, zastave i himne | RS". www.paragraf.rs (in Serbian). Retrieved 2022-03-04.
External links
edit